The DOI matches its Crossref record; 68 of the 68 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Pathogenicity islands: a molecular toolbox for bacterial virulence
Abstract
Pathogenicity islands (PAIs) are distinct genetic elements on the chromosomes of a large number of bacterial pathogens. PAIs encode various virulence factors and are normally absent from non-pathogenic strains of the same or closely related species. PAIs are considered to be a subclass of genomic islands that are acquired by horizontal gene transfer via transduction, conjugation and transformation, and provide 'quantum leaps' in microbial evolution. Data based on numerous sequenced bacterial genomes demonstrate that PAIs are present in a wide range of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial pathogens of humans, animals and plants. Recent research focused on PAIs has not only led to the identification of many novel virulence factors used by these species during infection of their respective hosts, but also dramatically changed our way of thinking about the evolution of bacterial virulence.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Whole-Genome Random Sequencing and Assembly of Haemophilus influenzae Rd
Fleischmann, R. D., Adams, M. D., White, O., Clayton, R. A., Kirkness, E. F., Kerlavage, A. R., Bult, C. J., Tomb, J.-F., Dougherty, B. A., Merrick, J. M., et al. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7542800 · Cited by 5,654
Unidentified curved bacilli in the stomach of patients with gastritis and peptic ulceration
Marshall, B., & Warren, J. R. (1984) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(84)91816-6 · Cited by 5,509
Lateral gene transfer and the nature of bacterial innovation
Ochman, H., Lawrence, J. G., & Groisman, E. A. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35012500 · Cited by 3,816
Phylogenetic Classification and the Universal Tree
Doolittle, W. F. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.284.5423.2124 · Cited by 1,888
Censini, S., Lange, C., Xiang, Z., Crabtree, J. E., Ghiara, P., Borodovsky, M., Rappuoli, R., & Covacci, A. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.25.14648 · Cited by 1,872
Welch, R. A., Burland, V., Plunkett, G., Redford, P., Roesch, P., Rasko, D., Buckles, E. L., Liou, S.-R., Boutin, A., Hackett, J., et al. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.252529799 · Cited by 1,531
Pathogenicity Islands and the Evolution of Microbes
Hacker, J., & Kaper, J. B. (2000) · Annual Review of Microbiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.54.1.641 · Cited by 1,303
A genetic locus of enterocyte effacement conserved among diverse enterobacterial pathogens.
McDaniel, T. K., Jarvis, K. G., Donnenberg, M. S., & Kaper, J. B. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.5.1664 · Cited by 1,245
Pathogenicity islands of virulent bacteria: structure, function and impact on microbial evolution
Hacker, J., Blum‐Oehler, G., Mühldorfer, I., & Tschäpe, H. (1997) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.3101672.x · Cited by 1,129
Gill, S. R., Fouts, D. E., Archer, G. L., Mongodin, E. F., DeBoy, R. T., Ravel, J., Paulsen, I. T., Kolonay, J. F., Brinkac, L., Beanan, M., et al. (2005) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.187.7.2426-2438.2005 · Cited by 1,026
Cited by
Recognition of microorganisms and activation of the immune response
Medzhitov, R. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06246 · Cited by 2,862
Epithelial-cell recognition of commensal bacteria and maintenance of immune homeostasis in the gut
Artis, D. (2008) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2316 · Cited by 1,136
Origins and virulence mechanisms of uropathogenic Escherichia coli
Wiles, T. J., Kulesus, R. R., & Mulvey, M. A. (2008) · Experimental and Molecular Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.yexmp.2008.03.007 · Cited by 606
Winstanley, C., Langille, M. G. I., Fothergill, J. L., Kukavica-Ibrulj, I., Paradis-Bleau, C., Sanschagrin, F., Thomson, N. R., Winsor, G. L., Quail, M. A., Lennard, N., et al. (2009) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.086082.108 · Cited by 339
Detecting genomic islands using bioinformatics approaches
Langille, M. G. I., Hsiao, W. W. L., & Brinkman, F. S. L. (2010) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro2350 · Cited by 279
Metadata
- Authors
- Gal-Mor, O., & Finlay, B. B.
- Venue
- Cellular Microbiology
- Publisher
- Hindawi Limited
- Published
- 2006-11
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1707-1719
- ISSN
- 1462-5814 (ISSN-L)
- 1462-5822
- OpenAlex
- W2126730752
- Cited by
- 379
- References
- 68
- FWCI
- 11.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Pathogenicity islands: a molecular toolbox for bacterial virulence. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1462-5822.2006.00794.x
- The paper
- Gal-Mor, O., & Finlay, B. B. (2006). Pathogenicity islands: a molecular toolbox for bacterial virulence. Cellular Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-5822.2006.00794.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.