CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 70Hormonal and reproductive studiesProstate Cancer Treatment and ResearchProstate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

Prostate‐specific antigen changes and prostate cancer in hypogonadal men treated with testosterone replacement therapy

Coward, Robert M., Simhan, Jay, Carson III, Culley C.·2009·BJU International
DOI 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2008.08240.x
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To retrospectively review hypogonadal men receiving testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), and evaluate the changes in prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels over an extended period, and thus evaluate the occurrence of prostate cancer, as a primary concern in treating late‐onset hypogonadism (LOH) is the potential increased risk of prostate cancer; we also recorded the cardiovascular effects of TRT. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In all, 81 hypogonadal men (mean age 56.8 years) were followed for a mean (range) of 33.8 (6–144) months after starting TRT. All men had a normal baseline PSA level before TRT and had routine laboratory investigations, including measurements of body mass index (BMI), haematocrit, lipid profile, and liver function tests (LFTs). Testosterone and PSA levels were assessed every 6–12 months. Patients with a biopsy‐confirmed or recent history of prostatitis before treatment were excluded. TRT was discontinued in men who developed prostate cancer. RESULTS: Before and 36 months after treatment the total testosterone levels were 241.1 and 379.8 ng/dL ( P < 0.05), respectively. Four men (4.9%) developed prostate cancer at a mean (range) of 32.5 (22–41) months after starting TRT. In men without prostate cancer (95.1%), PSA levels did not increase significantly at 1‐year intervals for 5 years. There was no statistical difference in PSA level change from baseline to 36 months when patients without prostate cancer were stratified into groups according to age (≤50, 55–65 and ≥70 years). In men with prostate cancer there was an increase in mean PSA level from baseline to 18 months of 1.8 ng/mL, and to 36 months of 3.2 ng/mL ( P < 0.05). Total cholesterol improved from 203.8 to 166.6 mg/dL ( P < 0.05) after 36 months of TRT; the BMI, haematocrit and LFTs did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS: LOH is an increasingly prevalent disease characterized by a symptomatically low testosterone level, and TRT is effective in normalizing serum testosterone levels, providing a beneficial cardiovascular effect, and improving sexual function and overall quality of life. PSA levels remain stable after normalization of testosterone for ≥5 years, prostate cancer can be effectively diagnosed and treated in men taking TRT, and the incidence of prostate cancer among men with LOH on TRT is no greater than that in the general population.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2008.08240.x

Cites

21 of 21 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • In a study of 81 hypogonadal men followed for a mean of 33.8 months, prostate-specific antigen levels did not increase significantly at 1-year intervals for 5 years.

    “In a study of 81 hypogonadal men (mean age 56.8 years) followed for a mean (range) of 33.8 (6–144) months PSA levels did not increase significantly at 1-year intervals for 5 years (88).”

    From Onset of effects of testosterone treatment and time span until maximum effects are achieved (2011) · cites this paper as [88]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 22 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Coward, R. M., Simhan, J., & Carson III, C. C.
Affiliations
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
ORCID
Venue
BJU International
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2009-04-07
Volume
103
Issue
9
Pages
1179-1183
ISSN
  • 1464-4096 (ISSN-L)
  • 1464-410X
DOI
10.1111/j.1464-410x.2008.08240.x
OpenAlex
W2030450391
Cited by
70
References
22
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 6
FWCI
5.31
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • British Journal of Urology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Keywords
testosterone replacement therapy, prostate-specific antigen, prostate cancer, andropause, testosterone, cardiovascular effects, cholesterol, liver function tests, hematocrit, body mass index, sexual function, quality of life, sexual desire, erectile function, sexual performance, sexual satisfaction
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Androgens, Epidemiologic Methods, Humans, Hypogonadism, Male, Middle Aged, Prostatic Neoplasms, Risk Factors, Testosterone, Prostate-Specific Antigen, Age of Onset, Hormone Replacement Therapy

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review