Risks of testosterone-replacement therapy and recommendations for monitoring.

Rhoden, Ernani Luis; Morgentaler, Abraham

doi:10.1056/nejmra022251

Cited by 713Hormonal and reproductive studiesProstate Cancer Treatment and ResearchMenopause: Health Impacts and Treatments

Risks of testosterone-replacement therapy and recommendations for monitoring.

Rhoden, Ernani Luis, Morgentaler, Abraham·2004·New England Journal of Medicine

DOI 10.1056/nejmra022251

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Abstract

Although some reports suggest that testosterone-replacement therapy may provide benefits for aging men, considerable controversy remains regarding indications for its use. Neither large-scale nor long-term studies have been initiated, in part because of theoretical concern regarding the risks associated with testosterone therapy, especially the possible stimulation of prostate cancer. This article discusses what is known (and not known) about the risks of testosterone-replacement therapy and provides recommendations for monitoring men who are receiving testosterone.

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Hormone replacement therapy often causes adverse events that outweigh its potential health benefits.
“Unfortunately, hormone replacement therapy is not a panacea, as it often results in various adverse events which outweigh its potential health benefits.”
From Hormonal and Metabolic Changes of Aging and the Influence of Lifestyle Modifications (2021) · cites this paper as [12]
Preventing age-related hormonal decline by exogenous replacement is associated with increased risk for adverse effects in older adults.
“preventing an age-related decline in hormones by exogenous replacement is associated with increased risk for adverse effects in older adults.11-13”
From Hormonal and Metabolic Changes of Aging and the Influence of Lifestyle Modifications (2021) · cites this paper as [12]
Testosterone may have deleterious actions on prostate disease, sleep apnea, and possibly cardiovascular risk.
“However, testosterone may have deleterious actions on prostate disease, sleep apnea, and possibly cardiovascular risk (35).”
From Low testosterone levels are common and associated with insulin resistance in men with diabetes (2008) · cites this paper as [35]

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Authors: Rhoden, E. L., & Morgentaler, A.
Affiliations: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
ORCID: Morgentaler, Abraham
Venue: New England Journal of Medicine
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society
Published: 2004-01-29
Volume: 350
Issue: 5
Pages: 482-492
ISSN: 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
1533-4406
DOI: 10.1056/nejmra022251
OpenAlex: W2120158027
Cited by: 705
References: 77
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 44
FWCI: 9.78
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
Keywords: testosterone replacement therapy, risk, prostate cancer, older men, monitoring, androgen therapy, hypogonadism
MeSH terms: Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Hypogonadism, Lipids, Male, Polycythemia, Prostatic Diseases, Risk Factors, Testosterone, Drug Monitoring, Prostate-Specific Antigen, Age Distribution, Hormone Replacement Therapy

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Risks of testosterone-replacement therapy and recommendations for monitoring.

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