Dietary calcium and health
Abstract
SUMMARY INTRODUCTION SKELETAL FUNCTIONS OF CALCIUM Bone Bone growth Body calcium changes Fetal growth Pre‐term infants Infancy Childhood and adolescence Attainment of peak bone mass Skeletal calcium changes in later life Calcium and dental health REGULATORY ROLE OF CALCIUM Introduction Intracellular calcium Role in blood clotting Role in digestion Role in neurological and muscular function CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS AND METABOLISM Plasma calcium homeostasis Absorption Markers of calcium absorption and status Excretion Factors that influence urinary calcium excretion DIETARY REFERENCE VALUES Dietary reference values Guidance on high intakes SOURCES OF CALCIUM IN THE DIET Milk and dairy products Cereal products Plant foods Additional sources of calcium CALCIUM INTAKE IN THE UK Main dietary sources Current intakes in the UK Trends in intake BIOAVAILABILITY OF CALCIUM FROM FOODS Dietary factors affecting calcium absorption Vitamin D Fat Protein Other dietary factors Bioavailability from different dietary sources Milk and milk products Calcium from plants Other food sources BONE CALCIUM LOSS Bone calcium loss Pregnancy and lactation Factors affecting age‐related bone loss Osteoporosis Definition Public health implications Primary and secondary osteoporosis Dietary calcium, bone mass and age‐related loss of bones Bone loss and calcium supplementation in early‐post‐menopausal women Bone loss and calcium supplementation in late‐post‐menopausal women Fracture risk CALCIUM IN HEALTH AND DISEASE Calcium and cancer Calcium and cardiovascular disease Calcium and weight management
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The current RDA for calcium intake in healthy adults aged 19 to 50 y is 1000 mg/d in the United States and 700 mg/d in the United Kingdom.
“The current RDA for calcium intake in healthy adults aged 19 to 50 y is 1000 mg/d in the United States and 700 mg/d in the United Kingdom [267,269].”
From Nutritional Considerations for the Vegan Athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [269]
Cites
1 retracted
Calcium supplementation on bone loss in postmenopausal women
Shea, B., Adachi, J., Cranney, A., Griffith, L. E., Guyatt, G. H., Hamel, C., Ortiz, Z., Peterson, J., Robinson, V., Tugwell, P., et al. (2004) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004526.pub2 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
RetractedA Clinical Trial of the Effects of Dietary Patterns on Blood Pressure
Appel, L. J., Moore, T. J., Obarzanek, E., Vollmer, W. M., Svetkey, L. P., Sacks, F. M., Bray, G. A., Vogt, T. M., Cutler, J. A., Windhauser, M. M., et al. (1997) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199704173361601 · Cited by 5,981 · see citing works
Sacks, F. M., Svetkey, L. P., Vollmer, W. M., Appel, L. J., Bray, G. A., Harsha, D., Obarzanek, E., Conlin, P. R., Miller, E. R., Simons-Morton, D. G., et al. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200101043440101 · Cited by 5,638 · see citing works
ASSESSMENT OF FRACTURE RISK AND ITS APPLICATION TO SCREENING FOR POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS
Alexeeva, L. P., Burkhardt, P., Christiansen, C., Cooper, C. C., Delmas, P. D., Johnell, O., Johnston, C. C., Kanis, J. A., Lips, P. T. A. M., Melton, L. J., et al. (1994) · Cited by 2,655 · see citing works
Overview of general physiologic features and functions of vitamin D
DeLuca, H. F. (2004) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/80.6.1689s · Cited by 2,328 · see citing works
McCance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods
England, P. H. (2002) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781849735551 · Cited by 2,209 · see citing works
Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases
Amine, E. K., Baba, N., Belhadj, M., Deurenberg‐Yap, M., Djazayery, A., Forrestre, T., Galuska, D. A., Herman, S. M., James, W. P. T., Kabangu, M., et al. (2002) · Figshare · doi:10.25405/ncl.34607289 · Cited by 1,993 · see citing works
Riggs, B. L., & Melton, L. J. (1986) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198606263142605 · Cited by 1,919 · see citing works
Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride
Institute of Medicine (1997) · National Academies Press eBooks · doi:10.17226/5776 · Cited by 1,788 · see citing works
Calcium Supplementation and Increases in Bone Mineral Density in Children
Johnston, C. C., Miller, J. Z., Slemenda, C. W., Reister, T. K., Hui, S. L., Christian, J. C., & Peacock, M. (1992) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199207093270204 · Cited by 1,068 · see citing works
Human vitamin and mineral requirements
eng, N. D., Fao, J., Vitamin, W. E. C. O. H., Bangkok, M. R. E. S., & Who, G. E. (2002) · Cited by 993 · see citing works
Kennedy, C. O. (1971) · British Homeopathic journal · doi:10.1016/s0007-0785(71)80027-3 · Cited by 976 · see citing works
Regulation of adiposity by dietary calcium
Zemel, M. B., Shi, H., Greer, B. P., DiRienzo, D. B., & Zemel, P. C. (2000) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.14.9.1132 · Cited by 968 · see citing works
A Controlled Trial of the Effect of Calcium Supplementation on Bone Density in Postmenopausal Women
Dawson‐Hughes, B., Dallal, G. E., Krall, E. A., Sadowski, L., Sahyoun, N. R., & Tannenbaum, S. (1990) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199009273231305 · Cited by 945 · see citing works
The dietary and nutritional survey of British adults
(1990) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/0924-2244(90)90106-9 · Cited by 884 · see citing works
Health properties of resistant starch
Nugent, A. P. (2005) · Nutrition Bulletin · doi:10.1111/j.1467-3010.2005.00481.x · Cited by 715 · see citing works
Reduced Bone Mass in Daughters of Women with Osteoporosis
Seeman, E., Hopper, J. L., Bach, L. A., Cooper, M. E., Parkinson, E., McKay, J., & Jerums, G. (1989) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198903023200903 · Cited by 631 · see citing works
Calcium and Dairy Acceleration of Weight and Fat Loss during Energy Restriction in Obese Adults
Zemel, M. B., Thompson, W., Milstead, A., Morris, K., & Campbell, P. (2004) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2004.67 · Cited by 601 · see citing works
Duodenal calcium absorption in vitamin D receptor–knockout mice: Functional and molecular aspects
Cromphaut, S. J. V., Dewerchin, M. A., Hoenderop, J. G. J., Stockmans, I., Herck, E. V., Kato, S., Bindels, R. J. M., Collen, D., Carmeliet, P., Bouillon, R., et al. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.231474698 · Cited by 590 · see citing works
Chemoprevention of colon cancer by calcium, vitamin D and folate: molecular mechanisms
Lamprecht, S. A., & Lipkin, M. (2003) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc1144 · Cited by 584 · see citing works
Davey, G. K., Spencer, E. A., Appleby, P. N., Allen, N. E., Knox, K. H., & Key, T. J. (2003) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1079/phn2002430 · Cited by 583 · see citing works
Bonjour, J. ‐., Carrié, A.-L., Ferrari, S., Clavien, H., Slosman, D. O., Theintz, G. E., & Rizzoli, R. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci119287 · Cited by 558 · see citing works
Colon Cancer and Dietary Fat, Phosphate, and Calcium: A Hypothesis
Newmark, H. L., Wargovich, M. J., & Bruce, W. R. (1984) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/72.6.1323 · Cited by 553 · see citing works
The Bioavailability of Dietary Calcium
Guéguen, L., & Pointillart, A. (2000) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2000.10718083 · Cited by 536 · see citing works
Effect of Calcium Supplementation on Bone Loss in Postmenopausal Women
Reid, I. R., Ames, R. W., Evans, M. C., Gamble, G. D., & Sharpe, S. J. (1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199302183280702 · Cited by 512 · see citing works
Leptin is a potent stimulator of bone growth in ob/ob mice
Steppan, C. M., Crawford, D. T., Chidsey-Frink, K. L., Ke, H., & Swick, A. G. (2000) · Regulatory Peptides · doi:10.1016/s0167-0115(00)00152-x · Cited by 512 · see citing works
Dairy Foods, Calcium, and Colorectal Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of 10 Cohort Studies
Cho, E., Smith‐Warner, S. A., Spiegelman, D. L., Beeson, W. L., van den Brandt, P. A., Colditz, G. A., Folsom, A. R., Fraser, G. E., Freudenheim, J. L., Giovannucci, E. L., et al. (2004) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djh185 · Cited by 511 · see citing works
Nutrition in Bone Health Revisited: A Story Beyond Calcium
Ilich, J. Z., & Kerstetter, J. E. (2000) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2000.10718070 · Cited by 510 · see citing works
Calcium Supplementation and Bone Mineral Density in Adolescent Girls
Lloyd, T. (1993) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1993.03510070063037 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Dietary Factors and the Risk of Incident Kidney Stones in Younger Women
Curhan, G. C., Willett, W. C., Knight, E. L., & Stampfer, M. J. (2004) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.164.8.885 · Cited by 479 · see citing works
Lipkin, M., & Newmark, H. L. (1985) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198511283132203 · Cited by 478 · see citing works
What is the critical pH and why does a tooth dissolve in acid?
Dawes, C. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 449 · see citing works
National diet and nutrition survey: young people aged 4 to 18 years
Robinson, S. F. (2001) · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Griffith, L. E. (1999) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/s0895-7061(98)00224-6 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Calcium Intake and Body Weight1
Davies, K. J. A., Heaney, R. P., Recker, R. R., Lappe, J. M., Barger-Lux, M. J., Rafferty, K., & Hinders, S. M. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.85.12.7063 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
VII. Meta-Analysis of Calcium Supplementation for the Prevention of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Shea, B., Wells, G., Cranney, A., Zytaruk, N. L., Robinson, V. A., Griffith, L. E., Ortiz, Z., Peterson, J., Adachi, J. D., Tugwell, P., et al. (2002) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2001-7002 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Intake of Dairy Products, Calcium, and Vitamin D and Risk of Breast Cancer
Myung-Hee, S. (2002) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/94.17.1301 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Correcting calcium nutritional deficiency prevents spine fractures in elderly women
Recker, R. R., Hinders, S. M., Davies, K. M., Heaney, R. P., Stegman, M. R., Lappe, J. M., & Kimmel, D. B. (1996) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.5650111218 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Calcium Intake and Risk of Colon Cancer in Women and Men
Wu, K. (2002) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/94.6.437 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Choices for achieving adequate dietary calcium with a vegetarian diet
Weaver, C. M., Proulx, W. R., & Heaney, R. P. (1999) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/70.3.543s · Cited by 353 · see citing works
Bone density and risk of hip fracture in men and women: cross sectional analysis
Laet, C. E. D. H. D., van Hout, B. A., Burger, H., Albert Hofman, D., & Pols, H. A. P. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7102.221 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
The role of dietary calcium and other nutrients in moderating body fat in preschool children
Carruth, B. R., & Skinner, J. (2001) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801562 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Dietary Calcium and Blood Pressure
Allender, P. S., Cutler, J. A., Follmann, D., Cappuccio, F. P., Pryer, J. A., & Elliott, P. (1996) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-124-9-199605010-00007 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Effects of Dietary Calcium Supplementation on Blood Pressure
Bucher, H. C. (1996) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03530370054031 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Calcium intake, calcium bioavailability and bone health
Cashman, K. D. (2002) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn/2002534 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Shi, H., DiRienzo, D. B., & Zemel, M. B. (2000) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.00-0584fje · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Välimäki, M. J., Kärkkäinen, M., Lamberg-Allardt, C. J. E., Laitinen, K., ALHAVA, E. M., Heikkinen, J. E., Impivaara, O., Makela, P., Palmgren, J., Seppanen, R., et al. (1994) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6949.230 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Denke, M. A., Fox, M. M., & Schulte, M. C. (1993) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/123.6.1047 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Jacobsen, R., Lorenzen, J. K., Toubro, S., Krog-Mikkelsen, I., & Astrup, A. V. (2005) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802785 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
McCullough, M. L., Robertson, A. S., Rodríguez, C., Jacobs, E. J., Chao, A., Jonas, C. R., Calle, E. E., Willett, W. C., & Thun, M. J. (2003) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1023/a:1022591007673 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Calcium intake, calcium bioavailability and bone health
K.D.*, C. (2002) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjnbjn/2002534 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Secular Trends in Pubertal Development
KARLBERG, J. P. E. (2002) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000058096 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Intake of dairy products and the risk of breast cancer
Knekt, P., Järvinen, R., Seppänen, R., Pukkala, ., & Aromaa, A. (1996) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.1996.119 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Aloia, J. F., Vaswani, A., Yeh, J. K., et al. (1994) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-120-2-199401150-00001 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Thomas, B. J., & Bishop, J. A. (2007) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Dibba, B., Prentice, A., Ceesay, M., Stirling, D. M., Cole, T. J., & Poskitt, E. M. E. (2000) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/71.2.544 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
7. The Dietary and Nutritional Survey of British Adults
Halliday, A. (1990) · Nutrition Bulletin · doi:10.1111/j.1467-3010.1990.tb00084.x · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Effects of calcium supplementation on serum lipid concentrations in normal older women:
Reid, I. R., Mason, B., Horne, A. M., Ames, R. W., Clearwater, J. M., Bava, U., Orr‐Walker, B., Wu, F., Evans, M. C., & Gamble, G. D. (2002) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(01)01138-x · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Turner, R. T. (2000) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2000.tb01971.x · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Longitudinal calcium intake is negatively related to children’s body fat indexes
Skinner, J. D., Bounds, W., Carruth, B. R., & Ziegler, P. J. (2003) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2003.09.018 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Calcium for Prevention of Osteoporotic Fractures in Postmenopausal Women
Cumming, R. G., & Nevitt, M. C. (1997) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1359/jbmr.1997.12.9.1321 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Dietary factors and the survival of women with breast carcinoma
Holmes, M. D., Stampfer, M. J., Colditz, G. A., ROSNER, B. A., Hunter, D. J., & Willett, W. C. (1999) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19990901)86:5 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Calcium absorbability from spinach
Heaney, R. P., Weaver, C., & Recker, R. (1988) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/47.4.707 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Low Protein Intake: The Impact on Calcium and Bone Homeostasis in Humans
Kerstetter, J. E., O'Brien, K. O., & Insogna, K. L. (2003) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/133.3.855s · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Matkovic, V., Goel, P. K., Badenhop, N. E., Landoll, J. D., Li, B., Ilich, J. Z., Skugor, M., Nagode, L. A., Mobley, S. L., Ha, E.-J., et al. (2005) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/81.1.175 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Effects of caffeine on bone and the calcium economy
Heaney, R. P. (2002) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/s0278-6915(02)00094-7 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Nanobacteria: An infectious cause for kidney stone formation
Çiftçioğlu, N., Björklund, M., Kuorikoski, K., et al. (1999) · Kidney International · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.00755.x · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Bonjour, J., Chevalley, T., Ammann, P., Slosman, D. O., & Rizzoli, R. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)06342-5 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Elders, P. J. M., Netelenbos, J. C., Lips, P. T. A. M., van Ginkel, F. C., Khoe, E., Leeuwenkamp, O. R., Hackeng, W. H. L., & van der Stelt, P. F. (1991) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-73-3-533 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Parmar, M. S. (2004) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7453.1420 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Mazess, R. B., & Whedon, G. D. (1983) · Calcified Tissue International · doi:10.1007/bf02405043 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Soybean phytate content: effect on calcium absorption
Heaney, R. P., Weaver, C., & Fitzsimmons, M. (1991) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/53.3.745 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Welten, D. C., Kemper, H. C. G., Post, G. B., & van Staveren, W. A. (1995) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/125.11.2802 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Sellmeyer, D. E., Schloetter, M., & Sebastián, A. (2002) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.87.5.8470 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Dietary protein affects intestinal calcium absorption
Kerstetter, J. E., O'Brien, K. O., & Insogna, K. L. (1998) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/68.4.859 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Calcium Intake and Body Weight
Davies, K. M. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.85.12.4635 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Belizán, J. M., Villar, J., Bergel, E. F., Pino, A., Fulvio, S. D., Galliano, S. V., & Kattan, C. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7103.281 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Stear, S. J., Prentice, A., Jones, S. C., & Cole, T. J. (2003) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/77.4.985 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Bone Mineral Changes during Pregnancy and Lactation: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Kolthoff, N., Eiken, P., Kristensen, B., & Nielsen, S. P. (1998) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs0940405 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Storm, D. S., Porter, R. E. E. S., Musgrave, K., Vereault, D., Patton, C. L., Kessenich, C. R., Mohan, S., Chen, T. C., Holick, M. F., & Rosen, C. J. (1998) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.83.11.5289 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
The Effects of Pregnancy and Lactation on Bone Mineral Density
Móré, C. E., Bettembuk, P., Bhattoa, H. P., & Balogh, Á. L. (2001) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s001980170048 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Influence of calcium load on absorption fraction
Heaney, R. P., Weaver, C. M., & Fitzsimmons, M. L. (1990) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.5650051107 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Pocock, S., Shaper, A. G., Cook, D. G., et al. (1980) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.280.6226.1243 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Bioavailability of the calcium in fortified soy imitation milk, with some observations on method
Heaney, R. P., Dowell, M. S., Rafferty, K., et al. (2000) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/71.5.1166 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Gunther, C. W., Legowski, P. A., Lyle, R. M., McCabe, G. P., Eagan, M. S., Peacock, M., & Teegarden, D. (2005) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/81.4.754 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
A co-twin study of the effect of calcium supplementation on bone density during adolescence
Nowson, C. A., Green, R. M., Hopper, J. L., Sherwin, A. J., Young, D. Y. L., Kaymakci, B., Guest, C. S., Smid, M., Larkins, R. G., & Wark, J. D. (1997) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/bf01622292 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Maternal Calcium Supplementation and Fetal Bone Mineralization
Koo, W., WALTERS, J. C., ESTERLITZ, J., LEVINE, R. J., BUSH, A. J., & SIBAI, B. (1999) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(99)00371-3 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
SPECKER, B. L., Beck, A. M., Kalkwarf, H. J., et al. (1997) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.99.6.e12 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Effect of withdrawal of calcium and vitamin D supplements on bone mass in elderly men and women
Dawson‐Hughes, B., Harris, S. S., Krall, E. A., & Dallal, G. E. (2000) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/72.3.745 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
New, S. A., Macdonald, H. M., Campbell, M., Martin, J. C., Garton, M. J., Robins, S. P., & Reid, D. M. (2004) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/79.1.131 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Report of the diet and nutrition survey
Gregory, J., & Lowe, S. W. (2000) · Stationery Office eBooks · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Lee, W. T. K., Leung, S. S. F., Leung, D. Y., Tsang, H. S. Y., Lau, J. T. F., & Cheng, J. C. Y. (1995) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn19950112 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Normalizing Calcium Intake: Projected Population Effects for Body Weight
Heaney, R. P. (2003) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/133.1.268s · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Bazyk, A., Olson, J. E., Sellers, T. A., Kushi, L. H., Anderson, K. E., Lazovich, D., Folsom, A. R., & Bostick, R. M. (1998) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1023/a:1008886715597 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Effect of calcium supplementation on daily nonheme-iron absorption and long-term iron status
Minihane, A. M., & Fairweather‐Tait, S. J. (1998) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/68.1.96 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Pattanaungkul, S., Riggs, B. L., Yergey, A. L., Vieira, N. E., O’Fallon, W. M., & Khosla, S. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.85.11.6938 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Nutrition and bone health, with particular reference to calcium and vitamin D
Anderson, F. (1999) · Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1046/j.1365-277x.1999.00192.x · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Recovery of pregnancy mediated bone loss during lactation
Pearson, D., Kaur, M., San, P., Lawson, N., Baker, P. N., & Hosking, D. J. (2003) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2003.11.005 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Dietary calcium supplementation for preventing colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps
Weingarten, M. A., Trestioreanu, A. Z., & Yaphe, J. (2008) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003548.pub4 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Flood, A. P., Peters, U., Chatterjee, N., et al. (2005) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.126.14.1 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
OSTEOPOROSIS : DISEASE OR SENESCENCE ?
Newton‐John, H. F., & MORGAN, D. B. (1968) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(68)90853-2 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Calcium malabsorption in the elderly: the effect of treatment with oral 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3
Francis, R. M., Peacock, M., Storer, J., et al. (1983) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1983.tb00119.x · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Storm, D. (1998) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.83.11.3817 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
HOW DANGEROUS ARE SKI MARATHONS?
Hoffmann, A., Herold, G., & Minder, E. (1982) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(82)90802-9 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Giannini, S., Nobile, M., Sartori, L., Carbonare, L. D., Ciuffreda, M., Corrò, P., D'Angelo, A., Calò, L. A., & Crepaldi, G. (1999) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/69.2.267 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Bainbridge, K. E., Sowers, M. R., Lin, X., & Harlow, S. D. (2004) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-003-1562-5 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Epidemiology and public health impact of osteoporosis
Cooper, C. C. (1993) · Baillière s Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1016/s0950-3579(05)80073-1 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Intestinal calcium absorption of women during lactation and after weaning
Kalkwarf, H., Specker, B., Heubi, J. E., et al. (1996) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/63.4.526 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Pattanaungkul, S. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.85.11.4023 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Bone remodeling and bone mineral density during pregnancy
Ulrich, U. A., Miller, P. B. W., Eyre, D. R., Chesnut, C. H., Schlebusch, H., & Soules, M. R. (2003) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-002-0410-8 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Effect of Calcium Supplementation on the Risk of Large Bowel Polyps
Wallace, K., Baron, J. A., Cole, B. F., Sandler, R. S., Karagas, M. R., Beach, M. A., Haile, R. W., Burke, C. A., Pearson, L. H., Mandel, J. S., et al. (2004) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djh165 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Calcium Does Not Protect against Colorectal Neoplasia
Bergsma–Kadijk, J. A., Veer, P. V., Kampman, E., & BUREMA, J. (1996) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/00001648-199611000-00005 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
McCance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods – Sixth Summary Edition
Robertson, C. E. (2003) · Nutrition Bulletin · doi:10.1046/j.1467-3010.2003.00292.x · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Nutrition Society Medal Lecture: The role of the skeleton in acid—base homeostasis
New, S. A. (2002) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1079/pns2002159 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Calcium Supplementation Increases Stature and Bone Mineral Mass of 16- to 18-Year-Old Boys
Prentice, A., Ginty, F., Stear, S. J., Jones, S. C., Laskey, M. A., & Cole, T. J. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-2114 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Intestinal absorption in health and disease: micronutrients
Basu, T. K., & Donaldson, D. M. (2003) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s1521-6918(03)00084-2 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Nerbrand, C., Agréus, L., Lenner, R. A., et al. (2003) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-3-21 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Contribution of Mineral Waters to Dietary Calcium and Magnesium Intake in a French Adult Population
Galán, P., Arnaud, M. J., Czernichow, S., et al. (2002) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(02)90353-6 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Touyz, R. M., Campbell, N. R. C., Logan, A. G., Gledhill, N., Petrella, R. J., & Padwal, R. S. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Devine, A., Dick, I. M., Heal, S., et al. (1997) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/bf01623455 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Prentice, A., Jarjou, L., Stirling, D. M., et al. (1998) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.83.4.4737 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Böhmer, H., Müller, H., & Resch, K. L. (2000) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s001980070032 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Nutrition, Osteoporosis, and Aging
NORDIN, B. E. C., Need, A. G., Steurer, T. A., et al. (1998) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09914.x · Cited by 84 · see citing works
The effect of moderate alcohol consumption on bone mineral density: a study of female twins
Williams, F. M. K., Cherkas, L. F., Spector, T. D., & MacGregor, A. J. (2004) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.2004.022269 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Family History of Appendicular Fracture and Risk of Osteoporosis: A Population-Based Study
Keen, R. W., Hart, D. J., Arden, N. K., Doyle, D., & Spector, T. D. (1999) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s001980050211 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Bone Mineral Density in Diagnosis of Osteoporosis
Löfman, O., Larsson, L., & Toss, G. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Densitometry · doi:10.1385/jcd:3:2:177 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Hopkinson, J. M., Butte, N. F., Ellis, K. J., et al. (2000) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/130.4.777 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Alcohol‐Induced Bone Disease: Impact of Ethanol on Osteoblast Proliferation
Klein, R. F. (1997) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1997.tb03781.x · Cited by 75 · see citing works
A threshold for low-protein-diet–induced elevations in parathyroid hormone
Kerstetter, J. E., Svastisalee, C., Caseria, D. M., Mitnick, M., & Insogna, K. L. (2000) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/72.1.168 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Combinations of Potassium, Calcium, and Magnesium Supplements in Hypertension
Sacks, F. M., Brown, L. E., Appel, L. J., Borhani, N. O., Evans, D. A., & Whelton, P. K. (1995) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.26.6.950 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Absorbability of Calcium From Common Beans
Weaver, C. M., Heaney, R. P., Proulx, W. R., et al. (1993) · Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1993.tb06192.x · Cited by 73 · see citing works
CHANGES IN WATER HARDNESS AND LOCAL DEATH-RATES
Crawford, M. D., Gardner, M. J., & Morris, J. N. (1971) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(71)90055-9 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Alcohol, Osteoporosis, and Bone Regulating Hormones
Sampson, H. W. (1997) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1997.tb03782.x · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Inverse Association of Dietary Calcium With Systolic Blood Pressure in Young Children
Gillman, M. W. (1992) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1992.03480170066030 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Xu, L., McElduff, P., D’Este, C. A., & Attia, J. (2004) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn20031085 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Calcium turnover and nutrition through the life cycle.
Abrams, S. A. (2001) · PubMed · doi:10.1079/pns200082 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Robinson, F. (2001) · Nutrition Bulletin · doi:10.1046/j.1467-3010.2001.0173b.x · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Harrington, M., & Cashman, K. D. (2003) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1301/nr.2003.may.179-183 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Grinder-Pedersen, L., Bukhave, K., Jensen, M., et al. (2004) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/80.2.404 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Kennefick, S. (2000) · International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/096374800100895 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Bell, L. (1992) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.152.12.2441 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Maternal Calcium Supplementation and Fetal Bone Mineralization
Koo, W., Walters, J. C., Esterlitz, J., et al. (1999) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/00006250-199910000-00017 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Vander, Sherman, Luciano's Human Physiology: The Mechanisms of Body Function
Widmaier, E. P., Raff, H., Strang, K. T., et al. (2003) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Multiple sources of dietary calcium—some aspects of its essentiality
Fishbein, L. (2004) · Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2003.11.002 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Nutrition and molecular markers of bone remodelling
Seibel, M. J. (2002) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/00075197-200209000-00011 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Dodiuk‐Gad, R. P., Rozen, G. S., Rennert, G., Rennert, H. S., & Ish‐Shalom, S. (2005) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/81.1.168 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Gestational calcium supplementation and blood pressure in the offspring
Hatton, D. (2003) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/s0895-7061(03)01027-6 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Ferrándiz, J., Abellan, J. J., Gómez‐Rubio, V., et al. (2004) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.6737 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
New, S. A. (2001) · PubMed · doi:10.1079/pns200085 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Bell, L. (1992) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1992.00400240061010 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Genetic determinants of susceptibility to osteoporosis
Ralston, S. H. (2003) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s1471-4892(03)00033-x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
PASSCLAIM - Bone health and osteoporosis
Prentice, A., Bonjour, J., Branca, F., Cooper, C. C., Flynn, A., Garabédian, M., M�ller, D., Pannemans, D. L. E., & Weber, P. (2003) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-003-1103-1 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Influence of dietary levels of fat, cholesterol, and calcium on colorectal cancer
Stéfani, E. D., Mendilaharsu, M., Deneo‐Pellegrini, H., & Ronco, Á. L. (1997) · Nutrition and Cancer · doi:10.1080/01635589709514606 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Liepa, G. U. (2006) · Nutrition in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1177/0115426506021003320 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Hara, H., Suzuki, T., & Aoyama, Y. (2000) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114500001999 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Mackerras, D., & Lumley, T. (1997) · Bone · doi:10.1016/s8756-3282(97)00181-6 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Nutrition, Diet, and Hypertension
McCullough, M. L., & Lin, P. (2001) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012193155-1/50022-2 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Prentice, A. (1998) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.83.4.1059 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Determinants of bone mineral density in prematurely born children aged 6–7 years
Kurl, S., Heinonen, K., Länsimies, E., et al. (1998) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1998.tb01525.x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Oral Health: diet and other factors
Arens, U. (1999) · Nutrition Bulletin · doi:10.1111/j.1467-3010.1999.tb01133.x · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Scopacasa, F., Wishart, J. M., Horowitz, M., et al. (2004) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601777 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
The role of PPARγ as a thrifty gene both in mice and humans
Hara, K., Kubota, N., Tobe, K., et al. (2000) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/096582197388608 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
The role of the intestine in bone homeostasis
Walters, J. R. F. (2003) · European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1097/00042737-200308000-00002 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Dietary calcium intake among patients with urinary calculi
Pizzato, A. C., & Barros, E. (2003) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2003.09.001 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Stop Dietary Calcium Restriction in Kidney Stone–forming Patients
Martini, L. A., & Heilberg, I. P. (2002) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1301/00296640260184291 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Oral health: diet and other factors. The report of the British Nutrition Foundations Task Force.
Arens, U. (1999) · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Phillips, F. (2004) · Nutrition Bulletin · doi:10.1111/j.1467-3010.2003.00398.x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Genetics, Nutrition, and Bone Health
Ferrari, S. (2004) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-740-6_2 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Nutrition and Bone Health in Children and Adolescents
Matkovic, V., Badenhop, N. E., Ha, E.-J., Crnčević-Orlić, Ž., & Clairmont, A. (2004) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-740-6_11 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Inverse association of dietary calcium with systolic blood pressure in young children
Gillman, M. W. (1992) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.267.17.2340 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Epidemiology and public health impact of osteoporosis
Russell, A. S., Dennison, E. M., & Cooper, C. C. (2003) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781847551559-00013 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Nutritional aspects of bone growth; and overview
Bonjour, J., Ammann, P., Chevalley, T., et al. (2003) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781847551559-00111 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
van Loveren, C. (2000) · UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Dietary calcium supplementation for preventing colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps
Weingarten, M. A., Zalmanovici, A., & Yaphe, J. (2003) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003548.pub2 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The role of the intestine in bone homeostasis.
Walters (2003) · European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1097/01.meg.0000059184.46867.c7 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Nutrition anc Bone Health: The US Perspective
Weaver, C. M. (1999) · Nutrition Bulletin · doi:10.1111/j.1467-3010.1999.tb00893.x · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Genetic susceptibility to osteoporosis
McGuigan, F. E., & Ralston, S. H. (2003) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781847551559-00037 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Haemostatic System: Coagulation, Platelets and Fibrinolysis
Frayn, K. N., & Stanner, S. A. (2005) · doi:10.1002/9780470774663.ch6 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Nutritional Considerations for the Vegan Athlete
West, S., Monteyne, A. J., van der Heijden, I., Stephens, F. B., & Wall, B. T. (2023) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.advnut.2023.04.012 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
- Authors
- Theobald, H. E.
- Affiliations
- British Nutrition Foundation (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Theobald, H. E.
- ORCID
- Theobald, H. E.
- Venue
- Nutrition Bulletin
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005-08-17
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 237-277
- ISSN
- 1467-3010 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-9827
- OpenAlex
- W2135950410
- Cited by
- 203
- References
- 181
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 2.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nutrition Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Vitamin D Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutrition and Health Studies
- Keywords
- dietary calcium, calcium homeostasis, peak bone mass, bone loss, osteoporosis, calcium bioavailability, calcium absorption, urinary calcium excretion, dietary reference values, calcium intake, dairy products, menopause, postmenopausal women, fracture risk, calcium supplementation, cardiovascular disease, weight management, dental health, intracellular calcium
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review