Early childhood antecedents of aggression and passive-withdrawal in early elementary school
Abstract
Early childhood antecedents of elementary school aggression and passive-withdrawal were evaluated in a large longitudinal study (N = 191). With teacher ratings as outcome measures, a variety of predictor variables were selected from a comprehensive data base. Predictors were selected to represent several major factors: (a) a developmental history of insecure attachment and poor adjustment; (b) inadequate or hostile parental care; and (c) stressful or chaotic life circumstances. Support was found for the prediction of these behavior problems from early childhood measures (up to one third of the variance), with results varying with sex and outcome measure. Results were stronger for boys than girls, and stronger for aggression than for passive-withdrawal. Boys' outcome was strongly related to attachment classification at 18 months. It is suggested that these findings support Bowlby's view that early acquired "working models" of self and other affect later interpersonal functioning.
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Attachment was more strongly associated with externalizing behavior problems in samples of boys than in samples of girls (d = 0.35 vs. d = -0.03, respectively).
“Turning to gender, the results were consistent with our expectations and the findings of some early longitudinal studies (Lewis et al., 1984;Renken et al., 1989), in that attachment was more strongly associated with externalizing behavior problems in samples of boys than in samples of girls (d = 0.35 vs. d = -0.03,respectively).”
From The Significance of Insecure Attachment and Disorganization in the Development of Children’s Externalizing Behavior: A Meta-Analytic Study (2010) · cites this paper as Renken et al., 1989
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- Authors
- Renken, B., Egeland, B., Marvinney, D., Mangelsdorf, S., & Sroufe, L. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sroufe, L. Alan
- Venue
- Journal of Personality
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1989-06
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 257-281
- ISSN
- 0022-3506 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-6494
- OpenAlex
- W2067665380
- Cited by
- 324
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 7.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH 40864 01)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Keywords
- aggression, early childhood, early elementary education, insecure attachment, attachment classification, parental care, parental hostility, child adjustment, sex differences, working models, teacher ratings, longitudinal prediction
- MeSH terms
- Aggression, Female, Humans, Infant, Life Change Events, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Models, Psychological, Mother-Child Relations, Object Attachment, Social Adjustment, Social Isolation
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