The DOI matches its Crossref record; 55 of the 55 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism: A Nomological Network Analysis: Variants of Narcissism
Abstract
Evidence has accrued to suggest that there are 2 distinct dimensions of narcissism, which are often labeled grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. Although individuals high on either of these dimensions interact with others in an antagonistic manner, they differ on other central constructs (e.g., Neuroticism, Extraversion). In the current study, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis of 3 prominent self-report measures of narcissism (N=858) to examine the convergent and discriminant validity of the resultant factors. A 2-factor structure was found, which supported the notion that these scales include content consistent with 2 relatively distinct constructs: grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. We then compared the similarity of the nomological networks of these dimensions in relation to indices of personality, interpersonal behavior, and psychopathology in a sample of undergraduates (n=238). Overall, the nomological networks of vulnerable and grandiose narcissism were unrelated. The current results support the need for a more explicit parsing of the narcissism construct at the level of conceptualization and assessment.
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In the citing paper
“Vulnerable narcissism is mainly manifested in the avoidant and obsessive-compulsive PD [76, 81] and is related to avoidant attachment and maladaptive, impulsive and avoidant ways of coping with stress [54].”
In the citing paper
“Grandiose narcissism displays substantial correlation with extraversion, while vulnerable narcissism correlates highly with introversion.”
From The Relationship between Grandiose and Vulnerable (Hypersensitive) Narcissism (2017) · cites this paper as Miller et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“Subclinical personality research, however, views grandiose and vulnerable narcissism as independent traits.”
From The Relationship between Grandiose and Vulnerable (Hypersensitive) Narcissism (2017) · cites this paper as Miller et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“Grandiose narcissism displays substantial correlation with extraversion, while vulnerable narcissism correlates highly with introversion.”
From The Relationship between Grandiose and Vulnerable (Hypersensitive) Narcissism (2017) · cites this paper as Miller et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“Neuroticism is also frequently reported to correlate negatively with grandiose, but positively with vulnerable narcissism (e.g., Miller et al., 2011, 2015; see also Gore and Widiger, 2016).”
From The Relationship between Grandiose and Vulnerable (Hypersensitive) Narcissism (2017) · cites this paper as Miller et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“Vulnerable narcissists report more adverse childhood experiences (Crawford & Wright, 2007;Kim & Cicchetti, 2010;Rogosch & Cicchetti, 2004), especially emotional abuse and emotional neglect (Nguyen & Shaw, 2020), which may lead to mistrust and increased antagonism in adulthood (Miller et al., 2011).”
From Narcissus locked in the past: vulnerable narcissism and the negative views of the past. (2021) · cites this paper as Miller et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“display maladaptive attachment styles (Miller et al., 2011).”
From Narcissus locked in the past: vulnerable narcissism and the negative views of the past. (2021) · cites this paper as Miller et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“when studied independently, narcissism is split into two subtypes, grandiose and vulnerable (50), which manifest differently on general personality measures [e.g., the Big Five; (10)] and show diverging associations with hostility [e.g., vulnerable narcissism is linked to hostile behaviors once grandiosity and attention-seeking are controlled for; (51)]”
From Empathy at the heart of darkness: empathy deficits that bind the dark triad and those that mediate indirect relational aggression. (2019) · cites this paper as [51]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Miller, J. D., Hoffman, B. J., Gaughan, E. T., Gentile, B., Maples, J., & Keith Campbell, W.
- Affiliations
- University of Georgia (US)
- Corresponding author
- Miller, Joshua D.
- Venue
- Journal of Personality
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-09-26
- Volume
- 79
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1013-1042
- ISSN
- 0022-3506 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1540840038
- Cited by
- 990
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 67 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 87 · 2023: 106 · 2022: 78 · 2021: 97 · 2020: 74 · 2019: 81 · 2018: 88 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 56 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 17.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- grandiose narcissism, vulnerable narcissism, nomological network, convergent and discriminant validity, personality traits, interpersonal behavior, psychopathology
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Emotions, Extraversion, Psychological, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Narcissism, Object Attachment, Personality, Personality Inventory, Psychopathology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Students, Universities, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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