Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism: A Nomological Network Analysis: Variants of Narcissism

Miller, Joshua D.; Hoffman, Brian J.; Gaughan, Eric T.; Gentile, Brittany; Maples, Jessica; Keith Campbell, W.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00711.x

Cited by 992Personality Traits and PsychologyPersonality Disorders and PsychopathologyMental Health Research Topics

Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism: A Nomological Network Analysis: Variants of Narcissism

Miller, Joshua D., Hoffman, Brian J., Gaughan, Eric T., Gentile, Brittany, Maples, Jessica, Keith Campbell, W.·2011·Journal of Personality

DOI 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00711.x

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Abstract

Evidence has accrued to suggest that there are 2 distinct dimensions of narcissism, which are often labeled grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. Although individuals high on either of these dimensions interact with others in an antagonistic manner, they differ on other central constructs (e.g., Neuroticism, Extraversion). In the current study, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis of 3 prominent self-report measures of narcissism (N=858) to examine the convergent and discriminant validity of the resultant factors. A 2-factor structure was found, which supported the notion that these scales include content consistent with 2 relatively distinct constructs: grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. We then compared the similarity of the nomological networks of these dimensions in relation to indices of personality, interpersonal behavior, and psychopathology in a sample of undergraduates (n=238). Overall, the nomological networks of vulnerable and grandiose narcissism were unrelated. The current results support the need for a more explicit parsing of the narcissism construct at the level of conceptualization and assessment.

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Vulnerable narcissism is mainly manifested in avoidant and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and is related to avoidant attachment and maladaptive, impulsive and avoidant ways of coping with stress.
“Vulnerable narcissism is mainly manifested in the avoidant and obsessive-compulsive PD [76, 81] and is related to avoidant attachment and maladaptive, impulsive and avoidant ways of coping with stress [54].”
From Individual psychotherapy for cluster-C personality disorders: protocol of a pragmatic RCT comparing short-term psychodynamic supportive psychotherapy, affect phobia therapy and schema therapy (I-FORCE) (2023) · cites this paper as [76]
Vulnerable narcissism correlates highly with introversion.
“Grandiose narcissism displays substantial correlation with extraversion, while vulnerable narcissism correlates highly with introversion.”
From The Relationship between Grandiose and Vulnerable (Hypersensitive) Narcissism (2017) · cites this paper as Miller et al., 2011
Subclinical personality research views grandiose and vulnerable narcissism as independent traits.
“Subclinical personality research, however, views grandiose and vulnerable narcissism as independent traits.”
From The Relationship between Grandiose and Vulnerable (Hypersensitive) Narcissism (2017) · cites this paper as Miller et al., 2011
Grandiose narcissism displays substantial correlation with extraversion.
“Grandiose narcissism displays substantial correlation with extraversion, while vulnerable narcissism correlates highly with introversion.”
From The Relationship between Grandiose and Vulnerable (Hypersensitive) Narcissism (2017) · cites this paper as Miller et al., 2011
Neuroticism is frequently reported to correlate negatively with grandiose narcissism and positively with vulnerable narcissism.
“Neuroticism is also frequently reported to correlate negatively with grandiose, but positively with vulnerable narcissism (e.g., Miller et al., 2011, 2015; see also Gore and Widiger, 2016).”
From The Relationship between Grandiose and Vulnerable (Hypersensitive) Narcissism (2017) · cites this paper as Miller et al., 2011

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Authors: Miller, J. D., Hoffman, B. J., Gaughan, E. T., Gentile, B., Maples, J., & Keith Campbell, W.
Affiliations: University of Georgia (US)
Corresponding author: Miller, Joshua D.
ORCID: Miller, Joshua D.
Gentile, Brittany
Venue: Journal of Personality
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2011-09-26
Volume: 79
Issue: 5
Pages: 1013-1042
ISSN: 0022-3506 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00711.x
OpenAlex: W1540840038
Cited by: 990
References: 55
Citations by year: 2026: 67 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 87 · 2023: 106 · 2022: 78 · 2021: 97 · 2020: 74 · 2019: 81 · 2018: 88 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 56 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 21
FWCI: 17.17
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm, 1436 d)
Locations: Journal of Personality (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
Keywords: grandiose narcissism, vulnerable narcissism, nomological network, convergent and discriminant validity, personality traits, interpersonal behavior, psychopathology
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Emotions, Extraversion, Psychological, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Narcissism, Object Attachment, Personality, Personality Inventory, Psychopathology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Students, Universities, Young Adult

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Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism: A Nomological Network Analysis: Variants of Narcissism

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