The dark triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy
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Because the research focused solely on narcissistic leaders, the other two Dark Triad traits (Machiavellianism and psychopathy) were not measured, so it was not possible to control for them to isolate the unique effects of leader narcissism.
“because the focus of our research was solely on narcissistic leaders, we did not measure the other two Dark Triad traits (Machiavellianism and psychopathy; Paulhus and Williams, 2002). Therefore, it was not possible to control for these constructs to isolate the unique effects of leader narcissism.”
From Narcissistic Leaders and Their Victims: Followers Low on Self-Esteem and Low on Core Self-Evaluations Suffer Most (2018) · cites this paper as Paulhus and Williams, 2002
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“Because these features are thought to play a key role in many norm-violating acts, Paulhus and Williams (2002) coined the term dark triad of personality (see Furnham, Richards, & Paulhus, 2013).”
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“…attributes also share general features of disagreeableness (e.g., inter-personal antagonism and a lack of empathy) with other “dark” personalities (Paulhus & Williams, 2002), entitlement and self-importance give narcissistic traits a common distinction from these other aspects of…”
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“One explanation for this might be that in our studies Narcissism was assessed by the respective subscale of the Short Dark Triad (Jones & Paulhus, 2014), which predominantly captures tendencies that have been termed “narcissistic admiration” by Back et al. (2013), that is, striving for uniqueness, having grandi-ose fa…”
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“But there are perhaps less obvious kinds of content that should be considered, such as content encouraging and reinforcing undesirable personality traits, including those identified as the “dark triad” (Paulus and Williams, 2002).”
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“Honesty-humility predicts re-morseless and unethical behavior, for instance in business contexts (Ashton & Lee, 2008b; Paulhus & Williams, 2002)—which reso-nates with the BRM—and HEXACO predicts political ideologies and voting behavior (Chirumbolo & Leone, 2010)—which reso-nates with ABC research…”
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“…scene (e.g., sadism and spitefulness), the most studied and validated dark traits are indexed by the now infamous “Dark Triad” of personality: narcissism, Machiavellianism, and subclinical psychopathy (Paulhus and Williams, 2002; Jonason et al., 2012b; Furnham et al., 2013; Muris et al., 2017).”
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“While the traits may have notoriously antisocial, selfish, and cynical views (Paulhus & Williams, 2002), these views may be directed towards people not situations.”
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The Dark Triad and risk behavior
Crysel, L. C., Crosier, B. S., & Webster, G. D. (2012) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.07.029 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Identifying and profiling scholastic cheaters: Their personality, cognitive ability, and motivation.
Williams, K. M., Nathanson, C., & Paulhus, D. L. (2010) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Applied · doi:10.1037/a0020773 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Relationships between bullying behaviours and the dark triad: a study with adults
Baughman, H. M., Dearing, S., Giammarco, E., & Vernon, P. A. (2012) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.11.020 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Schmitt, D. P. (2004) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.520 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
O’Boyle, E. H., Forsyth, D. R., Banks, G. C., Story, P. A., & White, C. D. (2014) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12126 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Duplicity among the dark triad: Three faces of deceit.
Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2017) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000139 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
“Paulhus and Williams (2002) coined the term Dark Triad to encourage re- searchers to study these three traits as a constellation.1 Their rationale was that only a concurrent analysis can clarify any unique contributions of the triad members to outcome variables.”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Antihero in Popular Culture: Life History Theory and the Dark Triad Personality Traits
Jonason, P. K., Webster, G. D., Schmitt, D. P., Li, N. P., & Crysel, L. C. (2012) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0027914 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Differences among dark triad components: a meta-analytic investigation
Vize, C. E., Lynam, D. R., Collison, K. L., & Miller, J. D. (2018) · Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment · doi:10.1037/per0000222 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
The "Why" and "How" of Narcissism: A Process Model of Narcissistic Status Pursuit
Grapsas, S., Brummelman, E., Back, M. D., & Denissen, J. J. A. (2020) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691619873350 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
“Some scholars have proposed that narcissism belongs to a broader group of so-called dark traits (including Machiavellianism and psychopathy; Paulhus & Williams, 2002) that represent a tendency to “maximize one’s own utility” while “disregarding, accepting, or malevolently provoking disutility for…”
BackgroundDen Hartog, D. N. (2015) · Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032414-111237 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
On Being Eager and Uninhibited: Narcissism and Approach–Avoidance Motivation
Foster, J. D., & Trimm, R. F. (2008) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167208316688 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
I just cannot control myself: The Dark Triad and self-control
Jonason, P. K., & Tost, J. R. (2010) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.05.031 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
The costs and benefits of the Dark Triad: Implications for mate poaching and mate retention tactics
Jonason, P. K., Li, N. P., & Buss, D. M. (2009) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.11.003 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
CEO Narcissism and Corporate Tax Sheltering
Olsen, K. J., & Stekelberg, J. (2015) · Journal of the American Taxation Association · doi:10.2308/atax-51251 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Attitudes towards AI: measurement and associations with personality
Stein, J.-P., Messingschlager, T., Gnambs, T., Hutmacher, F., & Appel, M. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-53335-2 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
“Based on this, we came to assume a positive relationship between psychopathy and attitudes towards AI—not least considering that our dependent variable would also involve people’s emotional reactions towards AI, which should turn out less fearful among those high in psychopathy.”
BackgroundMethodA Review of the Existing and Emerging Topics in the Supply Chain Risk Management Literature
Pournader, M., Kach, A. P., & Talluri, S. (2020) · Decision Sciences · doi:10.1111/deci.12470 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
“For instance, in cluster 1, the most frequent words were ―personality‖ (related to articles such as Paulhus and Williams (2002)”
BackgroundPersonality traits, empathy and bullying behavior: A meta-analytic approach
Mitsopoulou, E., & Giovazolias, T. (2015) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2015.01.007 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Narcissistic CEOs and executive compensation
O’Reilly, C. A., Doerr, B., Caldwell, D. F., & Chatman, J. A. (2013) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.08.002 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
van Geel, M., Goemans, A., Toprak, F., & Vedder, P. H. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.10.063 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
“Psychopathy refers to low feelings of empathy, thrill seeking and fearlessness (Jakobwitz & Egan, 2006; Paulhus & Williams, 2002).”
BackgroundRauthmann, J. F., & Kolar, G. P. (2012) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.06.020 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Investigating When and Why Psychological Entitlement Predicts Unethical Pro-organizational Behavior
Lee, A., Schwarz, G., Newman, A., & Legood, A. (2019) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-017-3456-z · Cited by 300 · see citing works
“For instance, Machiavellianism is considered to be one of the ‘‘Dark Triad’’ personality traits (e.g., Paulhus and Williams 2002).”
BackgroundA protean approach to social influence: Dark Triad personalities and social influence tactics
Jonason, P. K., & Webster, G. D. (2011) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.11.023 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Empathy deficits and trait emotional intelligence in psychopathy and Machiavellianism
Ali, F., Amorim, I. S., & Chamorro-Premuzic, T. (2009) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.06.016 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Work Engagement and Machiavellianism in the Ethical Leadership Process
Den Hartog, D. N., & Belschak, F. D. (2012) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-012-1296-4 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
The Dark Triad, the Big Five, and the HEXACO model
Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C. (2014) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.01.048 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
- Authors
- Paulhus, D. L., & Williams, K. M.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Paulhus, Delroy L
- Venue
- Journal of Research in Personality
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-12
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 556-563
- ISSN
- 0092-6566 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1982777740
- Cited by
- 5,265
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 394 · 2025: 486 · 2024: 444 · 2023: 524 · 2022: 455 · 2021: 465 · 2020: 522 · 2019: 331 · 2018: 306 · 2017: 271 · 2016: 226 · 2015: 202 · 2014: 158 · 2013: 107 · 2012: 100
- FWCI
- 11.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Research in Personality (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- Dark Triad, narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, Big Five personality traits, agreeableness, neuroticism, conscientiousness, cognitive ability, self-enhancement
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