Cited by 2,899Cognitive Abilities and TestingChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentAnimal Behavior and Reproduction

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

How People Make Their Own Environments: A Theory of Genotype Environment Effects

Scarr, Sandra, McCartney, Kathleen·1983·Child Development

DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1983.tb03884.x

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

We propose a theory of development in which experience is directed by genotypes. Genotypic differences are proposed to affect phenotypic differences, both directly and through experience, via 3 kinds of genotype leads to environment effects: a passive kind, through environments provided by biologically related parents; an evocative kind, through responses elicited by individuals from others; and an active kind, through the selection of different environments by different people. The theory adapts the 3 kinds of genotype-environment correlations proposed by Plomin, DeFries, and Loehlin in a developmental model that is used to explain results from studies of deprivation, intervention, twins, and families.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1983.tb03884.x

Cites

51 of 51 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Structure and Strategy in Learning to Talk
Nelson, K. L. (1973) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.2307/1165788 · Cited by 1,926
A reinterpretation of the direction of effects in studies of socialization.
Bell, R. Q. (1968) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0025583 · Cited by 1,872
Genotype-environment interaction and correlation in the analysis of human behavior.
Plomin, R., DeFries, J. C., & Loehlin, J. C. (1977) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.84.2.309 · Cited by 1,685
Intelligence and Experience
Silverstein, A. B., & Hunt, J. (1962) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-196211000-00016 · Cited by 1,205
The Science and Politics of IQ
Fulker, D., & Kamin, L. J. (1975) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1421782 · Cited by 1,001
Language and learning : The debate between Jean Piaget and Noam Chomsky. Edited by Massimo Piattelli-Palmarini. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1980. Pp. xxxvi, 409. $20.00.
Hill, J. H. (1981) · Language · doi:10.2307/414255 · Cited by 755
Language and learning: the debate between Jean Piaget and Noam Chomsky
Piattelli‐Palmarini, M. (1980) · Cited by 638
Early Experience: Myth and Evidence
Clarke, A. M., & Clarke, A. D. B. (1976) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 526
Handbook of cross-cultural human development
Munroe, R. H. C., Munroe, R. L., & Whiting, B. B. (1981) · Garland STPM Press eBooks · Cited by 492
Twins: A Study of Heredity and Environment.
Ciocco, A., NEWMAN, H. H., Freeman, F. N., & Holzinger, K. J. (1937) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2279415 · Cited by 453

Show all 46 references

Research works printed but not linked: 8

Bersheid E, 1974, Advances in experimental social ysychology
Caldwell B M, 1968, Early child The new perspectives
Chomsky N, 1980, Language and learning The debate between Jean Piaget and Noam Chomsky
Cronbach L J, 1977, Attitudes and instructional methods
Maccoby E E, 1980, Social development
Piaget J, 1980, Language and learning The debate between Jean Piaget and Noam Chomsky
Scarr S, 1981, IQ Race, social class and individual differences, new studies of old problems
Scarr S, Manual of child psychology Infancy and the biology of development, 2

Sorted by citations

Items 901–1,000 of 2,899

Nature versus nurture in child conduct disorder: It is time to ask a different question.
Dodge, K. A. (1990) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.26.5.698 · Cited by 56
Psychopathology: Type or trait?
Eysenck, H. J. (1995) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00039765 · Cited by 55
Who benefits from which activity? On the relations between personality traits, leisure activities, and well-being.
Kuper, N., Kroencke, L., Harari, G. M., & Denissen, J. J. A. (2022) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000438 · Cited by 55
Quantitative Genetics in the Era of Molecular Genetics: Learning Abilities and Disabilities as an Example
Haworth, C. M. A., & Plomin, R. J. (2010) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2010.01.026 · Cited by 55
Agreement in Personality Judgments within and between Nonoverlapping Social Groups in Collectivist Cultures
Malloy, T. E., Albright, L., Díaz‐Loving, R., Dong, Q., & Lee, Y. T. (2004) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167203258863 · Cited by 55
Growing Old but Not Growing Apart: Twin Similarity in the Latter Half of the Lifespan
McGue, M. K., & Christensen, K. (2012) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10519-012-9559-5 · Cited by 55
Parent socialization of emotion in a high-risk sample.
Godleski, S. A., Eiden, R. D., Shisler, S., & Livingston, J. A. (2020) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0000793 · Cited by 55
Dispositional optimism: development over 21 years from the perspectives of perceived temperament and mothering
Heinonen, K., Räikkönen, K., & Keltikangas‐Järvinen, L. (2004) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2004.04.020 · Cited by 55
Family Environment, Effortful Control, and Adjustment Among European American and Latino Early Adolescents
Loukas, A., & Roalson, L. A. (2006) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/0272431606291939 · Cited by 55
Families at risk for psychopathology: Who becomes affected and why?
Rende, R., & Plomin, R. J. (1993) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579400006143 · Cited by 55
Genetic and Environmental Parent–Child Transmission of Value Orientations: An Extended Twin Family Study
Kandler, C., Gottschling, J., & Spinath, F. M. (2015) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12452 · Cited by 54
Unravelling the Interplay between Genetic and Environmental Contributions in the Unfolding of Personality Differences from Early Adolescence to Young Adulthood
Kandler, C., Waaktaar, T., Mõttus, R., Riemann, R., & Torgersen, S. O. (2019) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.2189 · Cited by 54
Adolescent personality moderates genetic and environmental influences on relationships with parents.
South, S. C., Krueger, R. F., Johnson, W., & Iacono, W. G. (2008) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.94.5.899 · Cited by 54
It’s Not Only Who You Are but Who You Are With: High School Composition and Individuals’ Attainment Over the Life Course
Göllner, R., Damian, R. I., Nagengast, B., Roberts, B. W., & Trautwein, U. (2018) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797618794454 · Cited by 54
Maternal teaching of reading and children's reading skills in Grade 1: Patterns and predictors of positive and negative associations
Šilinskas, G., Kiuru, N. H., Tolvanen, A. J., Niemi, P., Lerkkanen, M., & Nurmi, J. (2013) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2013.06.011 · Cited by 54
Intra‐ and extra‐familial influences on alcohol and drug misuse: a twin study of gene–environment correlation
Jang, K. L., Vernon, P. A., Livesley, W. J., Stein, M. B., & Wolf, H. (2001) · Addiction · doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.969130710.x · Cited by 54
Kindergarten Children's Genetic Vulnerabilities Interact With Friends' Aggression to Promote Children's Own Aggression
van Lier, P. A. C., Boivin, M., Dionne, G., Vitaro, F., Brendgen, M. R., Koot, H. M., Tremblay, R. E., & Pérusse, D. (2007) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e318067733e · Cited by 53
Are There Parental Socialization Effects on the Sex-Typed Behavior of Individuals with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia?
Wong, W. I., Pasterski, V., Hindmarsh, P. C., Geffner, M. E., & Hines, M. (2012) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-012-9997-4 · Cited by 53
Learning motivation mediates gene-by-socioeconomic status interaction on mathematics achievement in early childhood
Tucker–Drob, E. M., & Harden, K. P. (2011) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2011.11.015 · Cited by 53
Neglected aspects and truncated appraisals in vocational counseling: Interpreting the interest–efficacy association from a broader perspective: Comment on Armstrong and Vogel (2009).
Lubinski, D. (2010) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0019163 · Cited by 53
Maternal emotion regulation strategies, internalizing problems and infant negative affect
Edwards, E. S., Holzman, J. B. W., Burt, N. M., Rutherford, H. J. V., Mayes, L. C., & Bridgett, D. J. (2016) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2016.12.001 · Cited by 53
The interplay of personality and functional health in old and very old age: Dynamic within-person interrelations across up to 13 years.
Mueller, S., Wagner, J., Smith, J., Voelkle, M. C., & Gerstorf, D. (2017) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000173 · Cited by 53
Owner of a lonely heart: The stability of loneliness across the life span.
Mund, M., Lüdtke, O., & Neyer, F. J. (2019) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000262 · Cited by 53
Correlated longitudinal changes across linguistic, achievement, and psychomotor domains in early childhood: evidence for a global dimension of development
Rhemtulla, M., & Tucker–Drob, E. M. (2011) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01071.x · Cited by 52
Evolutionary Foundations of Personality
Buss, D. M. (1997) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012134645-4/50014-7 · Cited by 53
Temperament, activity, and expectations for later personality development.
Graziano, W. G., Jensen‐Campbell, L. A., & Sullivan-Logan, G. M. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.74.5.1266 · Cited by 53
Individual differences and the canalization of human behavior.
Turkheimer, E. N., & Gottesman, I. I. (1991) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.27.1.18 · Cited by 53
Nature, nurture, and psychopathology: A new look at an old topic
Rutter, M. L. (1991) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579400000031 · Cited by 53
A Biologist Looks at Anthropology
Hinde, R. A. (1991) · Man · doi:10.2307/2803771 · Cited by 53
Continua outperform dichotomies
Baldwin, J. D. (1995) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00039625 · Cited by 52
A longitudinal twin study of the genetic and environmental etiology of maternal hostile-reactive behavior during infancy and toddlerhood
Forget‐Dubois, N., Boivin, M., Dionne, G., Pierce, T., Tremblay, R. E., & Pérusse, D. (2007) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2006.12.005 · Cited by 52
Adolescent self-report of emotional and behavioral problems: interactions of genetic factors with sex and age.
Bartels, M., van der Aa, N., van Beijsterveldt, C. E. M., Middeldorp, C. M., & Boomsma, D. I. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 56
Temperament and adolescent problematic Internet use: The mediating role of deviant peer affiliation
Li, X., Newman, J., Li, D., & Zhang, H. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.02.075 · Cited by 52
Genetic and Environmental Associations Between Child Personality and Parenting
Ayoub, M., Briley, D. A., Grotzinger, A. D., Patterson, M. W., Engelhardt, L. E., Tackett, J. L., Harden, K. P., & Tucker–Drob, E. M. (2018) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550618784890 · Cited by 52
Sex differences in ability tilt: Support for investment theory
Coyle, T. R., Snyder, A. C., & Richmond, M. C. (2015) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2015.04.012 · Cited by 52
Emotion Dysregulation as a Vulnerability to Psychopathology
Cole, P. M., Hall, S. E., & Hajal, N. J. (2017) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394258932.ch11 · Cited by 52
Resources and Resource Acquisition During Ontogeny
Charlesworth, W. R. (1988) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-3760-0_2 · Cited by 52
Sociocultural issues in the evaluation of the needs of children in custody decision making
Azar, S. T., & Cote, L. R. (2002) · International Journal of Law and Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0160-2527(02)00102-4 · Cited by 52
Temperamental inhibition and activation: Hormonal and psychosocial correlates and associated psychiatric disorders
Windle, M. T. (1994) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(94)90262-3 · Cited by 52
Temperament, Selected Moderating Variables and Early Reading Achievement
Newman, J., Noel, A. M., Chen, R., & Matsopoulos, A. (1998) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0022-4405(98)00006-5 · Cited by 52
The Relation of Cumulative Demographic Risk to Mothers' Responsivity and Control: Examining the Role of Toddler Temperament
Popp, T. K., Spinrad, T. L., & Smith, C. L. (2008) · Infancy · doi:10.1080/15250000802329446 · Cited by 52
Coping, competence, and aggression prevention: Part 1. Developmental model
Blechman, E. A., Prinz, R. J., & Dumas, J. E. (1995) · Applied and Preventive Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0962-1849(05)80024-1 · Cited by 52
Risk mechanisms in development: Some conceptual and methodological considerations.
O’Connor, T. G., & Rutter, M. L. (1996) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.32.4.787 · Cited by 52
Personality in cross-cultural perspective
Dragūns, J. G. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511596544.035 · Cited by 51
Peer Victimization and Anxiety in Genetically Vulnerable Youth: The Protective Roles of Teachers’ Self-Efficacy and Anti-Bullying Classroom Rules
Guimond, F., Brendgen, M. R., Vitaro, F., Dionne, G., & Boivin, M. (2015) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-015-0001-3 · Cited by 51
Translating multilevel theory into multilevel research: challenges and opportunities for understanding the social determinants of psychiatric disorders
Dunn, E. C., Masyn, K. E., Yudron, M., Jones, S. M., & Subramanian, S. V. (2014) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-013-0809-5 · Cited by 51
Chaotic experiences and low-income children's social-emotional development
Bobbitt, K. C., & Gershoff, E. T. (2016) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.09.006 · Cited by 51
Marital assortment and phenotypic convergence: Longitudinal evidence
Caspi, A., & Herbener, E. S. (1993) · Biodemography and Social Biology · doi:10.1080/19485565.1993.9988835 · Cited by 51
Asking the Right Questions About g
Reeve, C. L. L., & Hakel, M. D. (2002) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.1080/08959285.2002.9668083 · Cited by 51
Sociopathy within and between small groups
Wilson, D. S. (1995) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00039996 · Cited by 50
Reflections about intelligence over 40 years
Flynn, J. R. (2018) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2018.06.007 · Cited by 50
THE COGNITIVE COMPETENCES OF IMMIGRANT AND NATIVE STUDENTS ACROSS THE WORLD: AN ANALYSIS OF GAPS, POSSIBLE CAUSES AND IMPACT
Rindermann, H., & Thompson, J. (2014) · Journal of Biosocial Science · doi:10.1017/s0021932014000480 · Cited by 50
Genes and Popularity
Burt, S. A. (2008) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02055.x · Cited by 50
Set-Point Theory and personality development
Ormel, J., VonKorff, M., Jeronimus, B. F., & Riese, H. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804674-6.00009-0 · Cited by 50
Extracurricular participation and young children's outcomes in Hong Kong: Maternal involvement as a moderator
Chiu, C. Y., & Lau, E. Y. H. (2018) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.03.051 · Cited by 50
Similarity in married couples: A longitudinal study of mental abilities and rigidity^flexibility.
Gruber‐Baldini, A. L., Schaie, K. W., & Willis, S. L. (1995) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.69.1.191 · Cited by 50
Child temperament and common problems in schooling: Hypotheses about causal connections
Martin, R. P. (1994) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-4405(94)90006-x · Cited by 50
Nature and nurture
Plomin, R. J., & Bergeman, C. S. (1991) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00070588 · Cited by 50
The Science of Infancy: Academic, Social, and Political Agendas
Sameroff, A. J. (2005) · Infancy · doi:10.1207/s15327078in0703_1 · Cited by 49
Development and Replication of Objective Measurements of Social Visual Engagement to Aid in Early Diagnosis and Assessment of Autism
JONES, W. R., Klaiman, C., Richardson, S. S., Lambha, M., Reid, M., Hamner, T., Beacham, C., Lewis, P., Paredes, J., Edwards, L. A., et al. (2023) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.30145 · Cited by 49
The Role of Reading Disability Risk and Environmental Protective Factors in Students' Reading Fluency in Grade 4
Kiuru, N. H., Lerkkanen, M., Niemi, P., Poskiparta, E., Ahonen, T. P. S., Poikkeus, A., & Nurmi, J. (2013) · Reading Research Quarterly · doi:10.1002/rrq.53 · Cited by 49
Gene–environment interdependence
Rutter, M. L. (2012) · European Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17405629.2012.661174 · Cited by 49
Longitudinal transactional models of development and psychopathology
Leve, L. D., & Cicchetti, D. (2016) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579416000201 · Cited by 49
Further Evaluating the Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences, Antisocial Behavior, and Violent Victimization: A Sibling-Comparison Analysis
Connolly, E. J. (2019) · Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice · doi:10.1177/1541204019833145 · Cited by 49
Responsive home numeracy as children progress from kindergarten through Grade 1
Šilinskas, G., Burr, S. D. L., Douglas, H. P., Xu, C., LeFevre, J., Garckija, R., Gabrialavičiūtė, I., & Raižienė, S. (2020) · Early Childhood Research Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2020.06.003 · Cited by 49
Infant Visual Brain Development and Inherited Genetic Liability in Autism
Girault, J. B., Donovan, K., Hawks, Z., Talović, M., Forsen, E., Elison, J. T., Shen, M. D., Swanson, M. R., Wolff, J. J., Kim, S. H., et al. (2022) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.21101002 · Cited by 49
Reading exposure: a (largely) environmental risk factor with environmentally‐mediated effects on reading performance in the primary school years
Harlaar, N., Dale, P. S., & Plomin, R. J. (2007) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01798.x · Cited by 49
The effect of classroom environment on problem behaviors: A twin study
DiLalla, L. F., & Mullineaux, P. Y. (2007) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2007.02.001 · Cited by 49
Genetic and environmental influences on affiliation with deviant peers during adolescence and early adulthood.
Tarantino, N., Tully, E. C., Garcia, S. E., South, S. C., Iacono, W. G., & McGue, M. K. (2013) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0034345 · Cited by 49
Evidence of gene–environment correlation for peer difficulties: Disruptive behaviors predict early peer relation difficulties in school through genetic effects
Boivin, M., Brendgen, M. R., Vitaro, F., Forget‐Dubois, N., Feng, B., Tremblay, R. E., & Dionne, G. (2013) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579412000910 · Cited by 49
Environmental and Genetic Variance in Children's Observed and Reported Maladaptive Behavior
Leve, L. D., Winebarger, A. A., Fagot, B. I., Reid, J. B., & Goldsmith, H. H. (1998) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06212.x · Cited by 49
New directions for research in personality and aging: A comprehensive model for linking levels, structures, and processes
Hooker, K. A. (2002) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/s0092-6566(02)00012-0 · Cited by 49
Epigenetic rules in moral development: Distal-proximal approaches to altruism and aggression
Rushton, J. P. (1988) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:1 · Cited by 49
Behavioral Economic Considerations of Novel Addictions and Nonaddictive Behavior: Research and Analytic Methods
Reed, D. D., Naudé, G. P., Gelino, B. W., & Amlung, M. T. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.011 · Cited by 48
Buffering boys and boosting girls: The protective and promotive effects of Early Head Start for children's expressive language in the context of parenting stress
Vallotton, C. D., Harewood, T., Ayoub, C. A., Pan, B., Mastergeorge, A. M., & Brophy‐Herb, H. E. (2011) · Early Childhood Research Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2011.03.001 · Cited by 48
Predicting post-traumatic stress disorder in veterans: Interaction of traumatic load with COMT gene variation
Clark, R., DeYoung, C. G., Sponheim, S. R., Bender, T. L., Polusny, M. A., Erbes, C. R., & Arbisi, P. A. (2013) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.08.013 · Cited by 48
Peer substance involvement modifies genetic influences on regular substance involvement in young women
Arpana Agrawal, A., Balasubramanian, S., Smith, E. K., Madden, P. A. F., Bucholz, K. K., Heath, A. C., & Lynskey, M. T. (2010) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.02993.x · Cited by 48
Polygenic risk, family cohesion, and adolescent aggression in Mexican American and European American families: Developmental pathways to alcohol use
Elam, K. K., Chassin, L., & Pandika, D. M. (2018) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579418000901 · Cited by 48
Kids becoming less alike: A behavioral genetic analysis of developmental increases in personality variance from childhood to adolescence.
Mõttus, R., Briley, D. A., Zheng, A., Mann, F. D., Engelhardt, L. E., Tackett, J. L., Harden, K. P., & Tucker–Drob, E. M. (2019) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000194 · Cited by 49
Investigating the interplay between adolescent personality, parental control, and externalizing problem behavior across adolescence
Heel, M. V., Bijttebier, P., Colpin, H., Goossens, L., Noortgate, W. V. D., Verschueren, K., & Leeuwen, K. G. V. (2019) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2019.06.005 · Cited by 48
On the importance of parenting in externalizing disorders: an evaluation of indirect genetic effects in families
Eilertsen, E. M., Cheesman, R., Ayorech, Z., Røysamb, E., Pingault, J., Njølstad, P. R., Andreassen, O. A., Havdahl, A., McAdams, T. A., Torvik, F. A., et al. (2022) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13654 · Cited by 48
Behavioral inhibition and activation systems: Differences in substance use expectancy organization and activation in memory.
Simons, J. S., Dvorak, R. D., & Lau‐Barraco, C. (2009) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/a0015834 · Cited by 48
The Effects of Family and Neighborhood Characteristics on the Behavioral and Cognitive Development of Poor Black Children: A Longitudinal Study
Jackson, A. P. (2003) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1023/a:1025615427939 · Cited by 48
Race versus social class differences in sexual behavior: A follow-up test of the dimension
Rushton, J. P., & Bogaert, A. F. (1988) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/0092-6566(88)90029-3 · Cited by 48
Gene–Environment Correlation as a Source of Stability and Diversity in Development
Beam, C. R., & Turkheimer, E. N. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-49227-8_6 · Cited by 47
Do Dog Behavioral Characteristics Predict the Quality of the Relationship between Dogs and Their Owners?
Hoffman, C. L., Chen, P., Serpell, J. A., & Jacobson, K. C. (2013) · Human-animal interaction bulletin · doi:10.1079/hai.2013.0001 · Cited by 47
Mediators of the Effect of Childhood Socioeconomic Status on Late Midlife Cognitive Abilities: A Four Decade Longitudinal Study
Beck, A. I., Franz, C. E., Xian, H., Vuoksimaa, E., Tu, X. M., Reynolds, C. A., Panizzon, M. S., McKenzie, R. E., Lyons, M. J., Toomey, R., et al. (2018) · Innovation in Aging · doi:10.1093/geroni/igy003 · Cited by 47
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Skin Pattern Deterioration
Shekar, S. N., Luciano, M., Duffy, D. L., & Martin, N. G. (2005) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.0022-202x.2005.23961.x · Cited by 47
A preliminary examination of the intergenerational continuity of maternal psychopathic features
Loney, B. R., Huntenburg, A., Allan, C. C., & Schmeelk, K. M. (2006) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.20163 · Cited by 47
Sex differences in visual spatial ability in 9-year-old children
Vederhus, L., & Krekling, S. (1996) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/s0160-2896(96)80004-3 · Cited by 47
Human Behavioral Genetics, Scarr's Theory, and Her Views on Interventions: A Critical Review and Commentary on Their Implications for African American Children
Jackson, J. F. (1993) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1993.tb02955.x · Cited by 47
Epidemiology of child psychiatric disorder: Methodological issues and some substantive findings
Rutter, M. L., & Sandberg, S. T. (1985) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/bf00706366 · Cited by 47
Selection and socialization of risky drinking during the college transition: The importance of microenvironments associated with specific living units.
Park, A., Sher, K. J., & Krull, J. L. (2009) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/a0016293 · Cited by 46
Can Happiness Change? Theories and Evidence
Cummins, R. A. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-411478-4.00005-9 · Cited by 46
Understanding associations among family support, friend support, and psychological distress
Horwitz, B. N., Reynolds, C. A., & Charles, S. T. (2014) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/pere.12063 · Cited by 46
Sensitization of Incentive Salience and the Transition to Addiction
Warlow, S. M., Baumgartner, H. M., Freeland, C. M., Naffziger, E. E., Olney, J. J., Berridge, K. C., & Robinson, M. J. F. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.006 · Cited by 46
Socioeconomic origin, future expectations, and educational achievement: A longitudinal three-generation study of the persistence of family advantage.
Burger, K., & Mortimer, J. T. (2021) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0001238 · Cited by 46
Human maternal behaviour is associated with arginine vasopressin receptor 1A gene
Avinun, R., Ebstein, R. P., & Knafo‐Noam, A. (2012) · Biology Letters · doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0492 · Cited by 46
Confluence of genes, environment, development, and behavior in a post Genome-Wide Association Study world
Vrieze, S. I., Iacono, W. G., & McGue, M. K. (2012) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579412000648 · Cited by 46
Transactional development of parent personality and child temperament
Komsi, N., Räikkönen, K., Heinonen, K., Pesonen, A., Keskivaara, P., Järvenpää, A., & Strandberg, T. E. (2008) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.690 · Cited by 46

Authors: Scarr, S., & McCartney, K.
Affiliations: Yale University (US)
Venue: Child Development
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 1983-04
Volume: 54
Issue: 2
Pages: 424-435
ISSN: 0009-3920 (ISSN-L)
1467-8624
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1983.tb03884.x
OpenAlex: W1838289455
Semantic Scholar: d71090c7ecf579c4e736cf034c8ca1f6229b1f2c
Cited by: 2,895
References: 46
Citations by year: 2026: 27 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 74 · 2022: 94 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 239 · 2019: 101 · 2018: 88 · 2017: 101 · 2016: 85 · 2015: 116 · 2014: 95 · 2013: 107 · 2012: 104
FWCI: 20.87
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1 (tdm, 11841 d)
Locations: Child Development (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
Keywords: gene-environment interaction, genotype-environment correlation, developmental theory, parental environment, twin studies, family studies, deprivation, intervention, phenotypic differences
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adoption, Child, Child, Preschool, Environment, Female, Genotype, Humans, Human Development, Infant, Intelligence, Models, Psychological, Parent-Child Relations, Phenotype, Pregnancy, Psychological Theory, Psychosocial Deprivation, Twins

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How People Make Their Own Environments: A Theory of Genotype Environment Effects

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks