CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 2,899Cognitive Abilities and TestingChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentAnimal Behavior and Reproduction

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

How People Make Their Own Environments: A Theory of Genotype Environment Effects

Scarr, Sandra, McCartney, Kathleen·1983·Child Development
DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1983.tb03884.x
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

We propose a theory of development in which experience is directed by genotypes. Genotypic differences are proposed to affect phenotypic differences, both directly and through experience, via 3 kinds of genotype leads to environment effects: a passive kind, through environments provided by biologically related parents; an evocative kind, through responses elicited by individuals from others; and an active kind, through the selection of different environments by different people. The theory adapts the 3 kinds of genotype-environment correlations proposed by Plomin, DeFries, and Loehlin in a developmental model that is used to explain results from studies of deprivation, intervention, twins, and families.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1983.tb03884.x

Cites

51 of 51 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Citations

Cites

Show all 46 references

Research works printed but not linked: 8

  1. Bersheid E, 1974, Advances in experimental social ysychology
  2. Caldwell B M, 1968, Early child The new perspectives
  3. Chomsky N, 1980, Language and learning The debate between Jean Piaget and Noam Chomsky
  4. Cronbach L J, 1977, Attitudes and instructional methods
  5. Maccoby E E, 1980, Social development
  6. Piaget J, 1980, Language and learning The debate between Jean Piaget and Noam Chomsky
  7. Scarr S, 1981, IQ Race, social class and individual differences, new studies of old problems
  8. Scarr S, Manual of child psychology Infancy and the biology of development, 2

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Scarr, S., & McCartney, K.
Affiliations
Yale University (US)
Venue
Child Development
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
1983-04
Volume
54
Issue
2
Pages
424-435
ISSN
  • 0009-3920 (ISSN-L)
  • 1467-8624
DOI
10.1111/j.1467-8624.1983.tb03884.x
OpenAlex
W1838289455
Semantic Scholar
d71090c7ecf579c4e736cf034c8ca1f6229b1f2c
Cited by
2,895
References
46
Citations by year
2026: 27 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 74 · 2022: 94 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 239 · 2019: 101 · 2018: 88 · 2017: 101 · 2016: 85 · 2015: 116 · 2014: 95 · 2013: 107 · 2012: 104
FWCI
20.87
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1 (tdm, 11841 d)
Locations
  • Child Development (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
Keywords
gene-environment interaction, genotype-environment correlation, developmental theory, parental environment, twin studies, family studies, deprivation, intervention, phenotypic differences
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adoption, Child, Child, Preschool, Environment, Female, Genotype, Humans, Human Development, Infant, Intelligence, Models, Psychological, Parent-Child Relations, Phenotype, Pregnancy, Psychological Theory, Psychosocial Deprivation, Twins

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review