The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Naps Promote Abstraction in Language-Learning Infants
Abstract
Infants engage in an extraordinary amount of learning during their waking hours even though much of their day is consumed by sleep. What role does sleep play in infant learning? Fifteen-month-olds were familiarized with an artificial language 4 hr prior to a lab visit. Learning the language involved relating initial and final words in auditory strings by remembering the exact word dependencies or by remembering an abstract relation between initial and final words. One group napped during the interval between familiarization and test. Another group did not nap. Infants who napped appeared to remember a more abstract relation, one they could apply to stimuli that were similar but not identical to those from familiarization. Infants who did not nap showed a memory effect. Naps appear to promote a qualitative change in memory, one involving greater flexibility in learning.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“This holds true even in infants, wherein sleep is correlated with increased generalization and abstraction abilities.135,136”
From The overfitted brain: Dreams evolved to assist generalization (2021) · cites this paper as [136]
In the citing paper
“Sleep likewise promoted grammar-related abstraction processes in language learning tasks in infants (469, 589).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [469]
In the citing paper
“15-mo-old infants already showed a sleep-dependent benefit for extraction of grammatical rules during language learning (469).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [469]
Citations
Cites
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Muller, K. E., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270020 · Cited by 99,603
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.).
Lachenbruch, P. A., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2290095 · Cited by 37,421
Werker, J. F., & Tees, R. C. (1984) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/s0163-6383(84)80022-3 · Cited by 2,801 · cited 1×
“We tested 15-month-olds, who have limited vocabulary, but are well on their way to acquiring language, as manifested in their perceptual sensitivity to phonological and morphosyntactic information (e.g., Gerken, 2005; Jusczyk, 1997; Santelmann & Jusczyk, 1998; Werker & Tees, 1984).”
MethodDissociable stages of human memory consolidation and reconsolidation
Walker, M. P., Brakefield, T., Allan Hobson, J., & Stickgold, R. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01930 · Cited by 1,025
Wagner, U., Gais, S., Haider, H., Verleger, R., & Born, J. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02223 · Cited by 1,012
The Discovery of Spoken Language
Jusczyk, P. W. (2000) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/2447.001.0001 · Cited by 997
Variability and Detection of Invariant Structure
Gómez, R. L. (2002) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00476 · Cited by 885
Learning at a distance I. Statistical learning of non-adjacent dependencies
Newport, E. L., & Aslin, R. Ν. (2003) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0010-0285(03)00128-2 · Cited by 835
Statistical Language Learning: Mechanisms and Constraints
Saffran, J. R. (2003) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-8721.01243 · Cited by 624
Sleep-dependent learning: A nap is as good as a night
Mednick, S., Nakayama, K., & Stickgold, R. (2003) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1078 · Cited by 594
Sleep Enhances Plasticity in the Developing Visual Cortex
Frank, M. G., Issa, N. P., & Stryker, M. P. (2001) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00279-3 · Cited by 523
Infant artificial language learning and language acquisition
Gómez, R. L., & Gerken, L. (2000) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01467-4 · Cited by 520
Consolidation during sleep of perceptual learning of spoken language
Fenn, K. M., Nusbaum, H. C., & Margoliash, D. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01951 · Cited by 463
An Alternative to Null-Hypothesis Significance Tests
Killeen, P. R. (2005) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.01538.x · Cited by 443
Acebo, C., Sadeh, A., Seifer, R., Tzischinsky, O., Hafer, A., & Carskadon, M. A. (2005) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/28.12.1568 · Cited by 437
The Discovery of Spoken Language
Demuth, K. (1998) · Language and Speech · doi:10.1177/002383099804100106 · Cited by 434
Memory consolidation and reconsolidation: what is the role of sleep?
Stickgold, R., & WALKER, M. (2005) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2005.06.004 · Cited by 422
The head-turn preference procedure for testing auditory perception
Nelson, D. G. K., Jusczyk, P., Mandel, D. R., Myers, J., Turk, A., & Gerken, L. (1995) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/0163-6383(95)90012-8 · Cited by 374
Effects of early and late nocturnal sleep on priming and spatial memory
Plihal, W., & Born, J. (1999) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/1469-8986.3650571 · Cited by 364
How sleep affects the developmental learning of bird song
Derégnaucourt, S., Mitra, P. P., Fehér, O., Pytte, C., & Tchernichovski, O. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03275 · Cited by 320
The Developmental Trajectory of Nonadjacent Dependency Learning
Gómez, R. L., & Maye, J. (2005) · Infancy · doi:10.1207/s15327078in0702_4 · Cited by 311
Santelmann, L. M., & Jusczyk, P. W. (1998) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/s0010-0277(98)00060-2 · Cited by 301
Sleep Characteristics of Infants
Kleitman, N., & Engelmann, T. G. (1953) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1953.6.5.269 · Cited by 291
Activity-based assessment of sleep-wake patterns during the 1st year of life
Sadeh, A., Acebo, C., Seifer, R., Aytur, S., & Carskadon, M. A. (1995) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/0163-6383(95)90021-7 · Cited by 246
Sleeping and waking states in infants: A functional perspective
Thoman, E. B. (1990) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80165-4 · Cited by 200
Louis, J., Cannard, C., Bastuji, H., & Challamel, M. (1997) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/20.5.323 · Cited by 156
Gertner, S., Greenbaum, C. W., Sadeh, A., Dolfin, Z., Sirota, L., & Ben-Nun, Y. (2002) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/s0378-3782(02)00018-x · Cited by 113
Cross-Language Speech Perception
Sebastin-Galls, N. (2008) · Blackwell Publishing Ltd eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470757024.ch22 · Cited by 101
Off-Line Reprocessing of Recent Memory and its Role in Memory Consolidation: A Progress Report
McNaughton, B. L., Barnes, C. A., Battaglia, F. P., Bower, M. R., Cowen, S. L., Ekstrom, A. D., Gerrard, J. L., Hoffman, K. L., Houston, F. P., Karten, Y. J. G., et al. (2003) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198574002.003.0013 · Cited by 53
Actigraphic assessment of sleep–wake rhythm during the first 6 months of life
Stražišar, B. G., Neubauer, D., & Zidar, J. (2002) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(02)00287-0 · Cited by 47
What develops in language development?
Gerken, L. (2005) · Advances in child development and behavior · doi:10.1016/s0065-2407(05)80007-2 · Cited by 15
Cortico-hippocampal communication by way of parallel parahippocampal-subicular pathways.
Lavenex (2000) · Pure Amsterdam UMC · doi:10.1002/1098-1063(2000)10:4 · Cited by 1
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Rasch, B., & Born, J. (2013) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2012 · Cited by 2,783
“Sleep likewise promoted grammar-related abstraction processes in language learning tasks in infants (469, 589).”
BackgroundMechanisms of systems memory consolidation during sleep
Klinzing, J. G., Niethard, N., & Born, J. (2019) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0467-3 · Cited by 1,176
The Role of Sleep in Cognition and Emotion
Walker, M. P. (2009) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04416.x · Cited by 1,111
Sleep-dependent memory triage: evolving generalization through selective processing
Stickgold, R., & Walker, M. P. (2013) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3303 · Cited by 755
The whats and whens of sleep-dependent memory consolidation
Diekelmann, S., Wilhelm, I., & Born, J. (2009) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2008.08.002 · Cited by 566
Metadata
- Authors
- Gómez, R. L., Bootzin, R. R., & Nadel, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Arizona (US)
- Venue
- Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2006-08
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 670-674
- ISSN
- 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9280
- OpenAlex
- W2146608276
- Cited by
- 386
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 5.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Keywords
- infant sleep, napping, artificial language learning, infant language acquisition, abstract relations, memory flexibility, word dependencies, auditory memory, memory generalization
- MeSH terms
- Child Development, Cognition, Humans, Infant, Language, Sleep, Verbal Learning
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
