Cited by 388Death Anxiety and Social ExclusionSocial Power and Status DynamicsBullying, Victimization, and Aggression

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The Symbolic Power of Money: Reminders of Money Alter Social Distress and Physical Pain

Zhou, Xinyue, Vohs, Kathleen D., Baumeister, Roy F.·2009·Psychological Science

DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02353.x

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Abstract

People often get what they want from the social system, and that process is aided by social popularity or by having money. Money can thus possibly substitute for social acceptance in conferring the ability to obtain benefits from the social system. Moreover, past work has suggested that responses to physical pain and social distress share common underlying mechanisms. Six studies tested relationships among reminders of money, social exclusion, and physical pain. Interpersonal rejection and physical pain caused desire for money to increase. Handling money (compared with handling paper) reduced distress over social exclusion and diminished the physical pain of immersion in hot water. Being reminded of having spent money, however, intensified both social distress and physical pain.

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Authors: Zhou, X., Vohs, K. D., & Baumeister, R. F.
Affiliations: Sun Yat-sen University (CN)
University of Minnesota (US)
Florida State University (US)
Corresponding author: Zhou, Xinyue
Vohs, Kathleen D.
ORCID: Zhou, Xinyue
Vohs, Kathleen D.
Baumeister, Roy F.
Venue: Psychological Science
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2009-06
Volume: 20
Issue: 6
Pages: 700-706
ISSN: 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
1467-9280
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02353.x
OpenAlex: W2104750960
Cited by: 388
References: 18
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 32
FWCI: 26.01
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (RL1AA017541)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Power and Status Dynamics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
Keywords: money, social exclusion, bodily pain, interpersonal rejection, social acceptance, pain and distress, cash handling, spending money
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Economics, Female, Hierarchy, Social, Humans, Male, Motivation, Pain, Power, Psychological, Mental Recall, Rejection, Psychology, Self Concept, Social Desirability, Symbolism, Pain Threshold

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The Symbolic Power of Money: Reminders of Money Alter Social Distress and Physical Pain

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