Cited by 388Death Anxiety and Social ExclusionSocial Power and Status DynamicsBullying, Victimization, and Aggression

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Symbolic Power of Money: Reminders of Money Alter Social Distress and Physical Pain

Zhou, Xinyue, Vohs, Kathleen D., Baumeister, Roy F.·2009·Psychological Science

DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02353.x

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

People often get what they want from the social system, and that process is aided by social popularity or by having money. Money can thus possibly substitute for social acceptance in conferring the ability to obtain benefits from the social system. Moreover, past work has suggested that responses to physical pain and social distress share common underlying mechanisms. Six studies tested relationships among reminders of money, social exclusion, and physical pain. Interpersonal rejection and physical pain caused desire for money to increase. Handling money (compared with handling paper) reduced distress over social exclusion and diminished the physical pain of immersion in hot water. Being reminded of having spent money, however, intensified both social distress and physical pain.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02353.x

Cites

18 of 18 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063 · Cited by 32,433
The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation.
Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.117.3.497 · Cited by 23,245
Self-citation
Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.44.3.513 · Cited by 18,187
Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions
Panksepp, J. (1998) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195096736.001.0001 · Cited by 4,428
Untitled work
(1998) · Cited by 4,012
Does Rejection Hurt? An fMRI Study of Social Exclusion
Eisenberger, N. I., Lieberman, M. D., & Williams, K. D. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1089134 · Cited by 3,849
The PANAS-X: Manual for the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule - Expanded Form
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1994) · doi:10.17077/48vt-m4t2 · Cited by 3,790
Why Does Social Exclusion Hurt? The Relationship Between Social and Physical Pain.
MacDonald, G., & Leary, M. R. (2005) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.2.202 · Cited by 1,712
The psychological consequences of money
Vohs, K. D., Mead, N. L., & Goode, M. R. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1132491 · Cited by 1,337
Self-citation
Social exclusion decreases prosocial behavior
Twenge, J. M., Baumeister, R. F., DeWall, C. N., Ciarocco, N. J., & Bartels, J. M. (2007) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.92.1.56 · Cited by 1,271
Self-citation

Show all 18 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497 · DOI · Paper page

Sorted by citations

Nonprofits Are Seen as Warm and For-Profits as Competent: Firm Stereotypes Matter
Aaker, J. L., Vohs, K. D., & Mogilner, C. (2010) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/651566 · Cited by 972
Self-citation
The social distance theory of power
Magee, J. C., & Smith, P. K. (2013) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868312472732 · Cited by 620
Social Exclusion Causes People to Spend and Consume Strategically in the Service of Affiliation
Mead, N. L., Baumeister, R. F., Stillman, T. F., Rawn, C. D., & Vohs, K. D. (2010) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/656667 · Cited by 574
Self-citation
Materialistic Values and Goals
Kasser, T. (2015) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-122414-033344 · Cited by 564
Anxious, threatened, and also unethical: How anxiety makes individuals feel threatened and commit unethical acts.
Kouchaki, M., & Desai, S. D. (2014) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0037796 · Cited by 365
To Nostalgize
Sedikides, C., Wildschut, T., Routledge, C., Arndt, J., Hepper, E. G., & Zhou, X. (2015) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/bs.aesp.2014.10.001 · Cited by 348
Self-citation
Cheating under pressure: A self-protection model of workplace cheating behavior.
Mitchell, M. S., Baer, M. D., Ambrose, M. L., Folger, R. G., & Palmer, N. F. (2017) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000254 · Cited by 341
Employee compensation: The neglected area of HRM research
Gupta, N., & Shaw, J. D. (2013) · Human Resource Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2013.08.007 · Cited by 315
Seeing green: Mere exposure to money triggers a business decision frame and unethical outcomes
Kouchaki, M., Smith‐Crowe, K., Brief, A. P., & Sousa, C. (2013) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2012.12.002 · Cited by 300
The Pursuit of Happiness
Mogilner, C. (2010) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797610380696 · Cited by 274
The Beauty of Boundaries: When and Why We Seek Structure in Consumption
Cutright, K. M. (2012) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/661563 · Cited by 256
Show Me the Honey! Effects of Social Exclusion on Financial Risk-Taking
Duclos, R., Wan, E. W., & Jiang, Y. (2012) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/668900 · Cited by 218
Nostalgia Weakens the Desire for Money
Lasaleta, J. D., Sedikides, C., & Vohs, K. D. (2014) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/677227 · Cited by 199
Self-citation
Social “wanting” dysfunction in autism: neurobiological underpinnings and treatment implications
Kohls, G., Chevallier, C., Troiani, V., & Schultz, R. T. (2012) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/1866-1955-4-10 · Cited by 197
Money priming can change people’s thoughts, feelings, motivations, and behaviors: An update on 10 years of experiments.
Vohs, K. D. (2015) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/xge0000091 · Cited by 193
Self-citation
To Be or Not to Be Unique? The Effect of Social Exclusion on Consumer Choice
Wan, E. W., Xu, J., & Ding, Y. (2013) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/674197 · Cited by 189
Time, Money, and Morality
Gino, F., & Mogilner, C. (2013) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797613506438 · Cited by 190
Hurt people hurt people: ostracism and aggression
Ren, D., Wesselmann, E. D., & Williams, K. D. (2017) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.03.026 · Cited by 191
Anti-profit beliefs: How people neglect the societal benefits of profit.
Bhattacharjee, A., Dana, J. D., & Baron, J. A. (2017) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspa0000093 · Cited by 176
Love of Money and Unethical Behavior Intention: Does an Authentic Supervisor’s Personal Integrity and Character (ASPIRE) Make a Difference?
Tang, T. L., & Liu, H. (2011) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-011-1040-5 · Cited by 163
Echoes of our upbringing: How growing up wealthy or poor relates to narcissism, leader behavior, and leader effectiveness
Martin, S. R., Côté, S., & Woodruff, T. (2016) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2015.0680 · Cited by 155
Heartwarming memories: nostalgia maintains physiological comfort
Zhou, X., Wildschut, T., Sedikides, C., Chen, X., & Vingerhoets, A. J. J. M. (2012) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0027236 · Cited by 147
Self-citation
A business frame perspective on why perceptions of top management's bottom‐line mentality result in employees’ good and bad behaviors
Babalola, M. T., Greenbaum, R. L., Amarnani, R. K., Shoss, M. K., Deng, Y., Garba, O. A., & Guo, L. (2019) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/peps.12355 · Cited by 135
Social Support and Money as Pain Management Mechanisms
Zhou, X., & Gao, D. (2008) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/10478400802587679 · Cited by 134
Self-citation
Minions for the Rich? Financial Status Changes How Consumers See Products with Anthropomorphic Features
Kim, H., & McGill, A. L. (2018) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1093/jcr/ucy006 · Cited by 131
State, not trait, neuroendocrine function predicts costly reactive aggression in men after social exclusion and inclusion
Geniole, S. N., Carré, J. M., & McCormick, C. M. (2011) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.02.020 · Cited by 129
The frequency of excess success for articles in Psychological Science
Francis, G. (2014) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-014-0601-x · Cited by 130
The effects of money saliency and sustainability orientation on reward based crowdfunding success
Chan, H. F., Moy, N., Schaffner, M., & Torgler, B. (2019) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.037 · Cited by 129
The idea of money counteracts ego depletion effects
Boucher, H. C., & Kofos, M. N. (2012) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2012.02.003 · Cited by 120
Class, chaos, and the construction of community.
Piff, P. K., Stancato, D. M., Martinez, A. G., Kraus, M. W., & Keltner, D. J. (2012) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0029673 · Cited by 129
Living to Work and Working to Live: Income as a Driver of Organizational Behavior
Leana, C. R., & Meuris, J. (2015) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/19416520.2015.1007654 · Cited by 123
Money Cues Increase Agency and Decrease Prosociality Among Children
Gąsiorowska, A., Chaplin, L. N., Zaleśkiewicz, T., Wygrab, S., & Vohs, K. D. (2016) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797615620378 · Cited by 116
Self-citation
Can't buy me friendship? Peer rejection and adolescent materialism: Implicit self-esteem as a mediator
Jiang, J., Zhang, Y., Ke, Y., Hawk, S. T., & Qiu, H. (2015) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2015.01.001 · Cited by 122
Money and the fear of death: The symbolic power of money as an existential anxiety buffer
Zaleśkiewicz, T., Gąsiorowska, A., Kesebir, P., Łuszczyńska, A., & Pyszczynski, T. (2013) · Journal of Economic Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.joep.2013.02.008 · Cited by 111
Co‐Worker Exclusion and Employee Outcomes: An Investigation of the Moderating Roles of Perceived Organizational and Social Support
Scott, K. L., Zagenczyk, T. J., Schippers, M. C., Purvis, R. L., & Cruz, K. S. (2014) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/joms.12099 · Cited by 117
Monetary Intelligence and Behavioral Economics: The Enron Effect—Love of Money, Corporate Ethical Values, Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), and Dishonesty Across 31 Geopolitical Entities
Tang, T. L., Sutarso, T., Ansari, M. A., Lim, V. K. G., Teo, T. S. H., Arias-Galicia, F., Garber, I. E., Chiu, R. K., Charles‐Pauvers, B., Arocas, R. L., et al. (2016) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-015-2942-4 · Cited by 113
Feeling Entitled to More
Poon, K., Chen, Z., & DeWall, C. N. (2013) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167213493187 · Cited by 108
Toward an Integrative Theory of Psychological Defense
Hart, J. (2014) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691613506018 · Cited by 109
Fatal (Fiscal) Attraction: Spendthrifts and Tightwads in Marriage
Rick, S. I., Small, D. A., & Finkel, E. J. (2011) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1509/jmkr.48.2.228 · Cited by 103
Perceived control qualifies the effects of threat on prejudice
Greenaway, K. H., Louis, W. R., Hornsey, M. J., & Jones, J. M. (2014) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12049 · Cited by 95
Money and Thinking: Reminders of Money Trigger Abstract Construal and Shape Consumer Judgments
Hansen, J., Kutzner, F., & Wänke, M. (2012) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/667691 · Cited by 93
Money is Power: Monetary Intelligence—Love of Money and Temptation of Materialism Among Czech University Students
Lemrová, S., Reiterová, E., Fatěnová, R., Lemr, K., & Tang, T. L. (2013) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-013-1915-8 · Cited by 88
Can’t buy me love?: Anxious attachment and materialistic values
Norris, J. I., Lambert, N. M., DeWall, C. N., & Fincham, F. D. (2012) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.05.009 · Cited by 88
Determinants of online brand communities’ and millennials’ characteristics: A social influence perspective
Ozuem, W., Willis, M., Howell, K. E., Lancaster, G., & Ng, R. (2021) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.21470 · Cited by 92
Social Class and Social Worlds
Bianchi, E. C., & Vohs, K. D. (2016) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550616641472 · Cited by 86
Self-citation
A comprehensive meta-analysis of money priming.
Lodder, P., Ong, H. H., Grasman, R. P. P. P., & Wicherts, J. M. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/xge0000570 · Cited by 86
Awe Weakens the Desire for Money
Jiang, L., Yin, J., Mei, D., Hong, Z., & Zhou, X. (2018) · Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology · doi:10.1017/prp.2017.27 · Cited by 82
Self-citation
Diverging effects of clean versus dirty money on attitudes, values, and interpersonal behavior.
Yang, Q., Wu, X., Zhou, X., Mead, N. L., Vohs, K. D., & Baumeister, R. F. (2012) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0030596 · Cited by 83
Self-citation
Power increases performance in a social evaluation situation as a result of decreased stress responses
Schmid, P. C., & Mast, M. S. (2013) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.1937 · Cited by 81
The meaning of money: The validation of a short money-types measure
Furnham, A. F., Wilson, E., & Telford, K. (2012) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.12.020 · Cited by 73
Monetary Intelligence and Behavioral Economics Across 32 Cultures: Good Apples Enjoy Good Quality of Life in Good Barrels
Tang, T. L., Sutarso, T., Ansari, M. A., Lim, V. K. G., Teo, T. S. H., Arias-Galicia, F., Garber, I. E., Chiu, R. K., Charles‐Pauvers, B., Arocas, R. L., et al. (2015) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-015-2980-y · Cited by 73
The destructive power of money and vanity in deviant tourist behavior
Li, T., & Chen, Y. (2017) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2017.02.001 · Cited by 71
Work-Related Behavioral Intentions in Macedonia: Coping Strategies, Work Environment, Love of Money, Job Satisfaction, and Demographic Variables
Sardžoska, E. G., & Tang, T. L. (2011) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-011-1096-2 · Cited by 69
Examining the Energizing Effects of Humor: The Influence of Humor on Persistence Behavior
Cheng, D. C.-M., & Wang, L. (2014) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-014-9396-z · Cited by 65
The more you have, the more you want? Higher social class predicts a greater desire for wealth and status
Wang, Z., Jetten, J., & Steffens, N. K. (2019) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2620 · Cited by 69
Unpacking the mechanisms underlying the relation between ostracism and Internet addiction
Poon, K. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.10.056 · Cited by 64
Adapting to the Destitute Situations: Poverty Cues Lead to Short-Term Choice
Liu, L., Feng, T., Suo, T., Lee, K., & Li, H. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033950 · Cited by 63
Fictional Money, Real Costs: Impacts of Financial Salience on Disadvantaged Students
Duquennois, C. (2022) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.20201661 · Cited by 62
Would you do something for me? The effects of money activation on social preferences and social behavior in young children
Gąsiorowska, A., Zaleśkiewicz, T., & Wygrab, S. (2011) · Journal of Economic Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.joep.2011.11.007 · Cited by 59
Ecological contingencies in women's calorie regulation psychology: A life history approach
Hill, S. E., Rodeheffer, C. D., DelPriore, D. J., & Butterfield, M. E. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2013.03.016 · Cited by 59
Money, the meaning of money, management, spirituality, and religion
Tang, T. L. (2010) · Journal of Management Spirituality & Religion · doi:10.1080/14766081003746448 · Cited by 60
Materialism and the Bright and Dark Sides of the Financial Dream in S pain: The Positive Role of Money Attitudes—The Matthew Effect
Tang, T. L., Luna‐Arocas, R., Pardo, I. Q., & Tang, T. L. (2012) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.2012.00533.x · Cited by 58
Financial Attitudes and Responsible Spending Behavior of Emerging Adults: Does Geographic Location Matter?
Jorgensen, B. L., Foster, D. M., Jensen, J. F., & Vieira, E. F. S. (2016) · Journal of Family and Economic Issues · doi:10.1007/s10834-016-9512-5 · Cited by 57
Monetary Intelligence: Money Attitudes—Unethical Intentions, Intrinsic and Extrinsic Job Satisfaction, and Coping Strategies Across Public and Private Sectors in Macedonia
Sardžoska, E. G., & Tang, T. L. (2014) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-014-2197-5 · Cited by 59
Altruistic behaviors relieve physical pain
Wang, Y., Ge, J., Zhang, H., Wang, H., & Xie, X. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1911861117 · Cited by 58
Regulating Feelings During Interpersonal Conflicts by Changing Voice Self-perception
Costa, J. M. D. R., Jung, M. F., Czerwinski, M. P., Guimbretière, F. V., Le, T., & Choudhury, T. (2018) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3173574.3174205 · Cited by 60
Domain-specific hedonic deficits towards social affective but not monetary incentives in social anhedonia
Xie, W.-Z., Yan, C., Ying, X.-Y., Zhu, S.-Y., Shi, H.-S., Wang, Y., Cheung, E. F. C., & Chan, R. C. K. (2014) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep04056 · Cited by 54
Does social support reduce distress caused by ostracism? It depends on the level of one's self-esteem
Teng, F., & Chen, Z. (2012) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2012.03.014 · Cited by 59
Interaction between social pain and physical pain
Zhang, M., Zhang, Y., & Kong, Y. (2019) · Brain Science Advances · doi:10.26599/bsa.2019.9050023 · Cited by 63
The Effect of Self-Esteem on Corrupt Intention: The Mediating Role of Materialism
Liang, Y., Liu, L., Tan, X., Huang, Z., Dang, J., & Zheng, W. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01063 · Cited by 53
What Do We Really Need? Goals and Values, Security, and the Perception of Consumer Necessity
Norris, J. I., & Williams, C. (2016) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.20855 · Cited by 54
Purchasing social attention by tipping: Materialism predicts online tipping in live‐streaming platform through self‐enhancement motive
Wu, Y. F., Niu, G., Chen, Z., & Zhang, D. (2021) · Journal of Consumer Behaviour · doi:10.1002/cb.1973 · Cited by 54
Employee Age Alters the Effects of Justice on Emotional Exhaustion and Organizational Deviance
brienza, J. P., & Bobocel, D. R. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00479 · Cited by 54
Procedural frames in negotiations: How offering my resources versus requesting yours impacts perception, behavior, and outcomes.
Trötschel, R., Loschelder, D. D., Höhne, B. P., & Majer, J. M. (2015) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspi0000009 · Cited by 49
A Walk in Customers’ Shoes: How Attentional Bias Modification Affects Ownership of Integrity-violating Social Media Posts
van Laer, T., de Ruyter, K., & Cox, D. (2012) · Journal of Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1016/j.intmar.2012.09.002 · Cited by 49
Other People’s Money: Money’s Perceived Purchasing Power Is Smaller for Others Than for the Self
Polman, E., Effron, D. A., & Thomas, M. R. (2017) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1093/jcr/ucx119 · Cited by 51
Suffering Makes You Egoist: Acute Pain Increases Acceptance Rates and Reduces Fairness during a Bilateral Ultimatum Game
Mancini, A., Betti, V., Panasiti, M. S., Pavone, E. F., & Aglioti, S. M. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026008 · Cited by 50
Perceived social support reduces the pain of spending money
Xu, Q., Zhou, Y., Ye, M., & Zhou, X. (2014) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2014.11.004 · Cited by 50
Self-citation
Money and relationships: When and why thinking about money leads people to approach others
Teng, F., Chen, Z., Poon, K., Zhang, D., & Jiang, Y. (2016) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2016.08.002 · Cited by 48
What Money Cannot Buy: The Detrimental Effect of Rewards on Knowledge Sharing
Lombardi, S., Cavaliere, V. F., Giustiniano, L., & Cipollini, F. (2019) · European Management Review · doi:10.1111/emre.12346 · Cited by 48
The Eyes and Ears of Status
Pettit, N. C., & Sivanathan, N. (2012) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167211431166 · Cited by 47
Show Me the Money: A Systematic Exploration of Manipulations, Moderators, and Mechanisms of Priming Effects
Caruso, E. M., Shapira, O., & Landy, J. F. (2017) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797617706161 · Cited by 48
Empathic neural responses to others’ pain depend on monetary reward
Guo, X., Zheng, L., Zhang, W., Zhu, L., Li, J., Wang, Q., Dienes, Z. P., & Yang, Z. (2011) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsr034 · Cited by 46
Working Through Existential Anxiety Toward Authenticity: A Spiritual Journey of Meaning Making
Temple, M., & Gall, T. L. (2016) · Journal of Humanistic Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022167816629968 · Cited by 46
Incentive Effects on Ethics
Park, T., Park, S., & Barry, B. (2021) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/annals.2020.0251 · Cited by 45
Is money really the root of all evil? The impact of priming money on consumer choice
Tong, L., Zheng, Y., & Ping, Z. (2013) · Marketing Letters · doi:10.1007/s11002-013-9224-7 · Cited by 44
Power and revenge
Strelan, P., Weick, M., & Vasiljevic, M. (2013) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12044 · Cited by 43
Perceived financial well-being and its effect on domestic product purchases
Hampson, D. P., Ma, S., & Wang, Y. (2018) · International Marketing Review · doi:10.1108/imr-12-2017-0248 · Cited by 43
Bias in the research literature and conflict of interest: an issue for publishers, editors, reviewers and authors, and it is not just about the money
Young, S. N. (2009) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1139/jpn.0952 · Cited by 43
Money as an existential anxiety buffer: Exposure to money prevents mortality reminders from leading to increased death thoughts
Gasiorowska, A., Zaleskiewicz, T., & Kesebir, P. (2018) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2018.09.004 · Cited by 42
Money: An Integrated Review and Synthesis From a Psychological Perspective
Wang, X., Chen, Z., & Krumhuber, E. G. (2020) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1177/1089268020905316 · Cited by 43
The Sharp Spikes of Poverty: Financial Scarcity Is Related to Higher Levels of Distress Intensity in Daily Life
Jachimowicz, J., Frey, E., Matz, S., Jeronimus, B. F., & Galinsky, A. D. (2022) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/19485506211060115 · Cited by 41
RETRACTED: Reminders of Money Elicit Feelings of Threat and Reactance in Response to Social Influence
Liu, J., Smeesters, D., & Vohs, K. D. (2012) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/661553 · Cited by 40
Self-citation
Retracted
Job search behavior explained through perceived tolerance for workplace incivility, cynicism and income level: A moderated mediation model
Megeirhi, H. A., Ribeiro, M. A., & Woosnam, K. M. (2020) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.05.011 · Cited by 40
The Effects of Money on Fake Rating Behavior in E-Commerce: Electrophysiological Time Course Evidence From Consumers
Wang, C., Li, Y., Luo, X., Ma, Q., Fu, W., & Fu, H. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2018.00156 · Cited by 40
Research in Work and Organizational Psychology: Social Exclusion in the Workplace
O’Reilly, J., & Banki, S. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-33033-4_7 · Cited by 41
What's the use of happiness? It can't buy you money
Vohs, K. D., & Baumeister, R. F. (2011) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2011.02.003 · Cited by 40
Self-citation
The Effect of Price on Preference Consistency Over Time: Table 1.
Lee, K. K., & Zhao, M. (2014) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/675219 · Cited by 39
A Penny for Your Pain? The Financial Compensation of Social Pain After Exclusion
Lelieveld, G., Moor, B. G., Crone, E. A., Karremans, J. C., & van Beest, I. (2012) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550612446661 · Cited by 40
Money talks: neural substrate of modulation of fairness by monetary incentives
Zhou, Y., Wang, Y., Rao, L., Yang, L., & Li, S. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00150 · Cited by 38

Authors: Zhou, X., Vohs, K. D., & Baumeister, R. F.
Affiliations: Sun Yat-sen University (CN)
University of Minnesota (US)
Florida State University (US)
Corresponding author: Zhou, Xinyue
Vohs, Kathleen D.
ORCID: Zhou, Xinyue
Vohs, Kathleen D.
Baumeister, Roy F.
Venue: Psychological Science
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2009-06
Volume: 20
Issue: 6
Pages: 700-706
ISSN: 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
1467-9280
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02353.x
OpenAlex: W2104750960
Cited by: 388
References: 18
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 32
FWCI: 26.01
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (RL1AA017541)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Power and Status Dynamics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
Keywords: money, social exclusion, bodily pain, interpersonal rejection, social acceptance, pain and distress, cash handling, spending money
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Economics, Female, Hierarchy, Social, Humans, Male, Motivation, Pain, Power, Psychological, Mental Recall, Rejection, Psychology, Self Concept, Social Desirability, Symbolism, Pain Threshold

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The Symbolic Power of Money: Reminders of Money Alter Social Distress and Physical Pain

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks