The DOI matches its Crossref record; 122 of the 123 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Quantitative Research Methods, Study Quality, and Outcomes: The Case of Interaction Research
Abstract
This article constitutes the first empirical assessment of methodological quality in second language acquisition (SLA). We surveyed a corpus of 174 studies (N = 7,951) within the tradition of research on second‐language interaction, one of the longest and most influential traditions of inquiry in SLA. Each report was coded for methodological features, statistical analyses, and reporting practices associated with research quality, and the resulting data were examined both cumulatively and over time. The findings indicate not only strengths and weaknesses but a possible relationship between study quality and outcomes; improvements over time and methodological trends are also noted. In addition to providing direction for future research and research practices, the study's findings are discussed and contextualized within the research culture of SLA.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In order to ensure the validity and reliability of interactionist research, it is important to consider the methodological choices that are made (Plonsky & Gass 2011).”
From Interaction and instructed second language acquisition (2018) · cites this paper as Plonsky & Gass 2011
In the citing paper
“particularly given the methodological shortcomings of many previous studies (Plonsky & Gass 2011).”
From Interaction and instructed second language acquisition (2018) · cites this paper as Plonsky & Gass 2011
Citations
Cites
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Muller, K. E., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270020 · Cited by 99,603
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.).
Lachenbruch, P. A., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2290095 · Cited by 37,421
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2009) · doi:10.1002/9780470743386 · Cited by 14,225
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2021) · doi:10.1002/9781119558378 · Cited by 9,799
Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition
Higgs, T. V., & Krashen, S. D. (1983) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.2307/328293 · Cited by 5,375
The Role of the Linguistic Environment in Second Language Acquisition
Long, M. H. (1996) · Handbook of Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1016/b978-012589042-7/50015-3 · Cited by 3,927
(1985) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,896
Sociocultural Theory and Second Language Learning
Lantolf, J. P. (2013) · Cited by 3,852
The Handbook of Research Synthesis.
Howel, D., Cooper, H., & Hedges, L. V. (1995) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2533295 · Cited by 3,657
Belief in the law of small numbers.
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1971) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0031322 · Cited by 3,246
Research works printed but not linked: 26
- Byrnes H., 2008, [Review of the book Synthesizing research on language learning and teaching], Modern Language Journal, 92, 48
- Flahive D., 2010, Power analysis in applied linguistics research
- Gass S., 2006, AILA Review, 3
- Gass S., 1985, Input in second language acquisition
- Gass S., 1985, Input in second language acquisition, 149
- Godfroid A., 2010, Attention and awareness in SLA: An attempt to refine the construct of “noticing
- Hauser E., 2001, The statistical power of second language acquisition research: A review
- Hawkins B., 1985, Input in second language acquisition, 162
- Hirvonen T., 1985, Input in second language acquisition, 137
- Jefferson T. O., 2003, The Cochrane Library, Issue 4
- Kleifgen J. A., 1985, Input in second language acquisition, 59
- Mackey A., 2007, Conversational interaction in second language acquisition: A collection of empirical studies
- Mackey A., 2007, Conversational interaction in second language acquisition: A collection of empirical studies, 1
- Mackey A., Research methodologies in second language acquisition
- Mackey A., 2007, Conversational interaction in second language acquisition: A collection of empirical studies, 407
- Pica T., 1985, Input in second language acquisition, 115
- Plonsky L., Study quality: Assessing quantitative research methods and reporting practices in SLA
- Plonsky L., 2010, Interpreting mean differences in L2 research: Cohen's d‐value, revisited
- Plonsky L., A guide to research methods in second language acquisition
- Publication manual of the American Psychological Association(6th ed.). (2010). Washington DC :American Psychological Association.
- Sato C. J., 1986, Talking to learn: Conversation in second language, 23
- Sheen Y., 2007, Conversational interaction in second language acquisition: A collection of empirical studies, 301
- Swain M., 1985, Input in second language acquisition, 235
- VanPatten B., 2002, Research criteria for tenure in second language acquisition: Results from a survey of the field
- Wa‐Mbaleka S., 2006, A meta‐analysis investigating the effects of reading on second language vocabulary learning
- Wilson D. B., 2009, The handbook of research synthesis, 159
Cited by
Sorted by citations
How Big Is “Big”? Interpreting Effect Sizes in L2 Research
Plonsky, L., & Oswald, F. L. (2014) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/lang.12079 · Cited by 1,960
Self-citationThe Effectiveness of Second Language Pronunciation Instruction: A Meta-Analysis
Lee, J., Jang, J., & Plonsky, L. (2014) · Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1093/applin/amu040 · Cited by 434
Self-citationTask-Based Language Teaching: Theory and Practice
Ellis, R., Skehan, P., Li, S., Shintani, N., & Lambert, C. (2019) · doi:10.1017/9781108643689 · Cited by 407
The Effectiveness of Second Language Strategy Instruction: A Meta‐analysis
Plonsky, L. (2011) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9922.2011.00663.x · Cited by 417
Self-citationInteraction and instructed second language acquisition
Loewen, S., & Sato, M. (2018) · Language Teaching · doi:10.1017/s0261444818000125 · Cited by 377
Plonsky (2013) · doi:10.1017/s0272263113000399 · Cited by 347
Self-citationMultiple Regression in L2 Research: A Methodological Synthesis and Guide to Interpreting R 2 Values
Plonsky, L., & Ghanbar, H. (2018) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.1111/modl.12509 · Cited by 322
Self-citationSaito, K., & Plonsky, L. (2019) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/lang.12345 · Cited by 375
Self-citationTask-based language teaching theory and practice
Ellis, R., Skehan, P., Li, S., Shintani, N., & Lambert, C. (2020) · Cited by 284
The Utility and Application of Mixed‐Effects Models in Second Language Research
Linck, J. A., & Cunnings, I. (2015) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/lang.12117 · Cited by 283
Marsden, E. J., Morgan‐Short, K., Thompson‐Lee, S., & Abugaber, D. (2018) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/lang.12286 · Cited by 286
An overview of mixed-effects statistical models for second language researchers
Cunnings, I. (2012) · Second language Research · doi:10.1177/0267658312443651 · Cited by 251
Jackson, D. O., & Suethanapornkul, S. (2013) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/lang.12008 · Cited by 259
Johnson, M. D. (2017) · Journal of Second Language Writing · doi:10.1016/j.jslw.2017.06.001 · Cited by 266
Task-Based Learner Production: A Substantive and Methodological Review
Plonsky, L., & Kim, Y. (2016) · Annual Review of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1017/s0267190516000015 · Cited by 249
Self-citationSYNCHRONOUS COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION AND INTERACTION
Ziegler, N. (2015) · Studies in Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1017/s027226311500025x · Cited by 246
Methodological synthesis of research on the effectiveness of corrective feedback in L2 writing
Liu, Q., & Brown, D. (2015) · Journal of Second Language Writing · doi:10.1016/j.jslw.2015.08.011 · Cited by 217
Larson‐Hall, J., & Plonsky, L. (2015) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/lang.12115 · Cited by 223
Self-citationThe type and linguistic foci of oral corrective feedback in the L2 classroom: A meta-analysis
Brown, D. (2014) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/1362168814563200 · Cited by 223
A Meta‐Analysis of Reliability Coefficients in Second Language Research
Plonsky, L., & Derrick, D. J. (2016) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.1111/modl.12335 · Cited by 202
Self-citationMixed methods research: toward new research designs in applied linguistics
Hashemi, M. R., & Babaii, E. (2013) · The Modern Language Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.2013.12049.x · Cited by 183
Plonsky, L. (2014) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.2014.12058.x · Cited by 187
Self-citationA methodological synthesis of self-paced reading in second language research
Marsden, E. J., Thompson‐Lee, S., & Plonsky, L. (2018) · Applied Psycholinguistics · doi:10.1017/s0142716418000036 · Cited by 198
Self-citationThe CALL-SLA interface: Insights from a second-order synthesis
Plonsky, L., & Ziegler, N. (2016) · Language learning & technology · doi:10.64152/10125/44459 · Cited by 178
Self-citationBibauw, S., François, T., & Desmet, P. (2019) · Computer Assisted Language Learning · doi:10.1080/09588221.2018.1535508 · Cited by 177
Plonsky, L., & Gönülal, T. (2015) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/lang.12111 · Cited by 158
Self-citationAn A–Z of Applied Linguistics Research Methods
Loewen, S., & Plonsky, L. (2016) · doi:10.1007/978-1-137-40322-3 · Cited by 156
Self-citationA typology of secondary research in Applied Linguistics
Chong, S. W., & Plonsky, L. (2023) · Applied Linguistics Review · doi:10.1515/applirev-2022-0189 · Cited by 178
Self-citationA BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION BETWEEN 1997 AND 2018
Zhang, X. (2019) · Studies in Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1017/s0272263119000573 · Cited by 153
An Investigation Into Second Language Aptitude for Advanced Chinese Language Learning
Winke, P. M. (2013) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.2013.01428.x · Cited by 148
Exploring “Flow” in young Chinese EFL learners' online English learning activities
Liu, H., & Song, X. (2021) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2020.102425 · Cited by 126
MULTIPLE REGRESSION AS A FLEXIBLE ALTERNATIVE TO ANOVA IN L2 RESEARCH
Plonsky, L., & Oswald, F. (2016) · Studies in Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1017/s0272263116000231 · Cited by 113
Self-citationSaito, K., & Akiyama, Y. (2017) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/lang.12184 · Cited by 123
Coming of age: the past, present, and future of quantitative SLA research
Gass, S. M., Loewen, S., & Plonsky, L. (2020) · Language Teaching · doi:10.1017/s0261444819000430 · Cited by 122
Self-citationNorris, J. M. (2015) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/lang.12114 · Cited by 114
Quantitative research methods and study quality in learner corpus research
Paquot, M., & Plonsky, L. (2017) · International Journal of Learner Corpus Research · doi:10.1075/ijlcr.3.1.03paq · Cited by 117
Self-citationPlonsky, L., & Brown, D. (2014) · Second language Research · doi:10.1177/0267658314536436 · Cited by 116
Self-citationInstructed second language acquisition (ISLA)
Long, M. M. (2017) · Instructed Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1558/isla.33314 · Cited by 108
Al‐Hoorie, A. H., & Vitta, J. P. (2018) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/1362168818767191 · Cited by 115
A methodological synthesis and meta-analysis of judgment tasks in second language research
Plonsky, L., Marsden, E. J., Crowther, D., Gass, S. M., & Spinner, P. (2019) · Second language Research · doi:10.1177/0267658319828413 · Cited by 111
Self-citationOutliers in L2 Research in Applied Linguistics: A Synthesis and Data Re-Analysis
Nicklin, C., & Plonsky, L. (2020) · Annual Review of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1017/s0267190520000057 · Cited by 95
Self-citationIsbell, D. R., BROWN, D., Chen, M., Derrick, D. J., Ghanem, R., Arvizu, M. N. G., Schnur, E., Zhang, M., & Plonsky, L. (2022) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.1111/modl.12760 · Cited by 108
Self-citationSerafini, E. J., & Sanz, C. (2015) · Studies in Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1017/s0272263115000327 · Cited by 110
Feedback scope in written corrective feedback: Analysis of empirical research in L2 contexts
Mao, Z., & Lee, I. (2020) · Assessing Writing · doi:10.1016/j.asw.2020.100469 · Cited by 123
Bootstrapping in Applied Linguistics: Assessing its Potential Using Shared Data
Plonsky, L., Egbert, J., & LaFlair, G. T. (2014) · Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1093/applin/amu001 · Cited by 96
Self-citationCollaborative writing in face-to-face settings: A substantive and methodological review
Zhang, M., & Plonsky, L. (2020) · Journal of Second Language Writing · doi:10.1016/j.jslw.2020.100753 · Cited by 90
Self-citationTraditional Literature Review and Research Synthesis
Li, S., & Wang, H. (2018) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-59900-1_6 · Cited by 87
Sampling and Generalizability in Lx Research: A Second-Order Synthesis
Plonsky, L. (2023) · Languages · doi:10.3390/languages8010075 · Cited by 92
Self-citationInstrument Reporting Practices in Second Language Research
Derrick, D. J. (2015) · TESOL Quarterly · doi:10.1002/tesq.217 · Cited by 84
Methodological Synthesis of Cluster Analysis in Second Language Research
Crowther, D., Kim, S., Lee, J., Lim, J., & Loewen, S. (2020) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/lang.12428 · Cited by 79
Farsani, M. A., Jamali, H. R., Beikmohammadi, M., Ghorbani, B. D., & Soleimani, L. (2021) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2021.102547 · Cited by 79
Plonsky, L., & Oswald, F. L. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444347340.ch14 · Cited by 80
Self-citationInferential statistics in Language Teaching Research : A review and ways forward
Lindstromberg, S. (2016) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/1362168816649979 · Cited by 90
The Impact of Experience Abroad and Language Proficiency on Language Learning Anxiety
Thompson, A. S., & Lee, J. (2013) · TESOL Quarterly · doi:10.1002/tesq.125 · Cited by 74
Small Samples in Instructed Second Language Acquisition Research
Loewen, S., & Hui, B. (2021) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.1111/modl.12700 · Cited by 72
A Comparison of L2–L2 and L2–Heritage Learner Interactions in Spanish Language Classrooms
Bowles, M. A., Adams, R. J., & Toth, P. D. (2014) · The Modern Language Journal · doi:10.1111/modl.12086 · Cited by 71
Effect Size Reporting Practices in Applied Linguistics Research: A Study of One Major Journal
Wei, R., Hu, Y., & Xiong, J. (2019) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/2158244019850035 · Cited by 71
Sudina, E. (2021) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/lang.12468 · Cited by 84
Computer-mediated collaborative writing in L2 classrooms: A systematic review
Zhang, M., Gibbons, J., & Li, M. (2021) · Journal of Second Language Writing · doi:10.1016/j.jslw.2021.100854 · Cited by 70
Using spoken dialogue technology for L2 speaking practice: what do teachers think?
Timpe‐Laughlin, V., Sydorenko, T., & Daurio, P. (2020) · Computer Assisted Language Learning · doi:10.1080/09588221.2020.1774904 · Cited by 67
Proactive Language Learning Theory
Papi, M., & Hiver, P. V. (2024) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/lang.12644 · Cited by 79
Statistical Literacy Among Applied Linguists and Second Language Acquisition Researchers
Loewen, S., Lavolette, E., Spino, L. A., Papi, M., Schmidtke, J., Sterling, S., & Wolff, D. (2013) · TESOL Quarterly · doi:10.1002/tesq.128 · Cited by 66
Analyzing Likert scale surveys with Rasch models
Yamashita, T. (2022) · Research Methods in Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1016/j.rmal.2022.100022 · Cited by 86
Scale quality in second-language anxiety and WTC: A methodological synthesis
Sudina, E. (2023) · Studies in Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1017/s0272263122000560 · Cited by 63
Statistical assumptions in L2 research: A systematic review
Hu, Y., & Plonsky, L. (2019) · Second language Research · doi:10.1177/0267658319877433 · Cited by 64
Self-citationThe replication crisis, scientific revolutions, and linguistics
Sönning, L., & Werner, V. (2021) · Linguistics · doi:10.1515/ling-2019-0045 · Cited by 64
Effect‐Driven Sample Sizes in Second Language Instructed Vocabulary Acquisition Research
Nicklin, C., & Vitta, J. P. (2021) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.1111/modl.12692 · Cited by 56
Current Practices in Data Analysis Procedures in Psychology: What Has Changed?
Blanca, M. J., Alarcón, R., & Bono, R. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02558 · Cited by 53
Metadiscourse in academic writing: A systematic review
Pearson, W. S., & Abdollahzadeh, E. (2023) · Lingua · doi:10.1016/j.lingua.2023.103561 · Cited by 64
Godfroid, A., & Spino, L. A. (2015) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/lang.12136 · Cited by 50
A meta-analysis: age and second language grammar acquisition.
Qureshi, M. A. (2016) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2016.06.001 · Cited by 48
Interaction, Feedback and Task Research in Second Language Learning
Mackey, A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108589284 · Cited by 62
Thirty-five years of ISLA on form-focused instruction: A methodological synthesis
Sok, S., Kang, E. Y., & Han, Z. (2018) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/1362168818776673 · Cited by 46
Bylund, E., Khafif, Z., & Berghoff, R. (2023) · Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1093/applin/amad022 · Cited by 46
Arabic as a heritage language: A scoping review
Visonà, M. W., & Plonsky, L. (2020) · International Journal of Bilingualism · doi:10.1177/1367006919849110 · Cited by 45
Self-citationVitta, J. P., Nicklin, C., & McLean, S. (2021) · Studies in Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1017/s0272263121000541 · Cited by 46
A Case for Multisite Second Language Acquisition Research: Challenges, Risks, and Rewards
Moranski, K., & Ziegler, N. (2020) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/lang.12434 · Cited by 50
Planning in L2 writing: A research synthesis and meta-analysis
Johnson, M. D., & Tabari, M. A. (2023) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2023.103152 · Cited by 41
Alahmadi, N. S., & Alraddadi, B. M. (2020) · Arab World English Journal · doi:10.24093/awej/vol11no3.4 · Cited by 41
Design Issues and Inference in Experimental L2 Research
Hudson, T. D., & Llosa, L. (2015) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/lang.12113 · Cited by 38
Levels of Statistical Use in Applied Linguistics Research Articles: From 1986 to 2015
Khany, R., & Tazik, K. (2018) · Journal of Quantitative Linguistics · doi:10.1080/09296174.2017.1421498 · Cited by 38
From replication to substantiation: A complexity theory perspective
Al‐Hoorie, A. H., Hiver, P. V., Larsen‐Freeman, D., & Lowie, W. M. (2021) · Language Teaching · doi:10.1017/s0261444821000409 · Cited by 39
Applied Linguistics Research: Current Issues, Methods, and Trends
Phakiti, A., Costa, P. I. D., Plonsky, L., & Starfield, S. (2018) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-59900-1_1 · Cited by 35
Self-citationThe development of statistical literacy in applied linguistics graduate students
Gönülal, T., Loewen, S., & Plonsky, L. (2017) · ITL Review of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1075/itl.168.1.01gon · Cited by 33
Self-citationEthical Applied Linguistics Research
Sterling, S., & Costa, P. I. D. (2018) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-59900-1_8 · Cited by 32
Pearson, W. S. (2024) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2024.1285954 · Cited by 54
Ziegler, N., Meurers, D., Rebuschat, P., Ruíz, S., Vega, J. L. M., Chinkina, M., Li, W., & Grey, S. (2017) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/lang.12227 · Cited by 38
Kim, Y., Jung, Y., & Skalicky, S. (2019) · Studies in Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1017/s0272263119000093 · Cited by 24
Improving second language reading comprehension through reading strategies
Yapp, D. J., de Graaff, R., & van den Bergh, H. (2021) · Journal of Second Language Studies · doi:10.1075/jsls.19013.yap · Cited by 31
El potencial de la enseñanza del vocabulario basada en corpus: optimismo con precaución
Asención‐Delaney, Y., Collentine, J., Collentine, K., Colmenares, J. J., & Plonsky, L. (2015) · Journal of Spanish Language Teaching · doi:10.1080/23247797.2015.1105516 · Cited by 29
Self-citationHOW KNOWLEDGEABLE ARE APPLIED LINGUISTICS AND SLA RESEARCHERS ABOUT BASIC STATISTICS?
Loewen, S., Gönülal, T., Isbell, D. R., Ballard, L., Crowther, D., Lim, J., Maloney, J. S., & Tigchelaar, M. (2019) · Studies in Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1017/s0272263119000548 · Cited by 28
Improving Second Language Quantitative Research
Norris, J. M., Ross, S. J., & Schoonen, R. (2015) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/lang.12110 · Cited by 28
A Bayesian Approach to Measuring Evidence in L2 Research: An Empirical Investigation
Norouzian, R., de Miranda, M., & Plonsky, L. (2019) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.1111/modl.12543 · Cited by 33
Self-citationAn A–Z of Applied Linguistics Research Methods
Loewen, S., & Plonsky, L. (2016) · doi:10.1007/978-1-137-40322-3_1 · Cited by 36
Self-citationFarsani, M. A., & Babaii, E. (2020) · Quality & Quantity · doi:10.1007/s11135-020-00984-w · Cited by 26
Reconciling Beliefs about L2 Learning with SLA Theory and Research
Phakiti, A., & Plonsky, L. (2018) · RELC Journal · doi:10.1177/0033688218781970 · Cited by 25
Self-citationStatistics for Categorical, Nonparametric, and Distribution-Free Data
Egbert, J., & LaFlair, G. T. (2018) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-59900-1_23 · Cited by 24
Ji, S., Qin, X., & Li, K. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.859021 · Cited by 40
VISUALS IN THE ASSESSMENT AND TESTING OF SECOND LANGUAGE LISTENING: A METHODOLOGICAL SYNTHESIS
Suvorov, R., & He, S. (2021) · International Journal of Listening · doi:10.1080/10904018.2021.1941028 · Cited by 26
Exploring the potential relationship between eye gaze and English L2 speakers’ responses to recasts
McDonough, K., Crowther, D., Kielstra, P., & Trofimovich, P. (2015) · Second language Research · doi:10.1177/0267658315589656 · Cited by 21
Metadata
- Authors
- Plonsky, L., & Gass, S.
- Affiliations
- Michigan State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Plonsky, Luke
- Venue
- Language Learning
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-03-28
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 325-366
- ISSN
- 0023-8333 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9922
- OpenAlex
- W2171052005
- Cited by
- 267
- References
- 123
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 41.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Language Learning (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Educational Research and Methods
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Keywords
- second language interaction, methodological quality, research quality, quantitative methods, reporting practices, statistical analysis, research trends over time, research culture, second language acquisition
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
