Cited by 156HIV-related health complications and treatmentsDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsLipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health

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Prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected patients over time: the Swiss HIV Cohort Study

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Glass, TR, Ungsedhapand, C, Wolbers, M, Weber, R, Vernazza, PL, Rickenbach, M, Furrer, H, Bernasconi, E, Cavassini, M, Hirschel, B, Battegay, M, Bucher, HC, the Swiss HIV Cohort Study·2006·HIV Medicine

DOI 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2006.00400.x

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Abstract

Objective: Metabolic changes caused by antiretroviral therapy (ART) may increase the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). We evaluated changes in the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) and 10‐year risk of CHD in a large cohort of HIV‐infected individuals. Methods: All individuals from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) who completed at least one CVRF questionnaire and for whom laboratory data were available for the period February 2000 to February 2006 were included in the analysis. The presence of a risk factor was determined using cut‐offs based on the guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP ATP III), the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC7), the American Diabetes Association, and the Swiss Society for Cardiology. Results: Overall, 8033 individuals completed at least one CVRF questionnaire. The most common CVRFs in the first completed questionnaire were smoking (57.0%), low high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (37.2%), high triglycerides (35.7%), and high blood pressure (26.1%). In total, 2.7 and 13.8% of patients were categorized as being at high (>20%) and moderate (10–20%) 10‐year risk for CHD, respectively. Over 6 years the percentage of smokers decreased from 61.4 to 47.6% and the percentage of individuals with total cholesterol >6.2 mmol/L decreased from 21.1 to 12.3%. The prevalence of CVRFs and CHD risk was higher in patients currently on ART than in either pretreated or ART‐naive patients. Conclusion: During the 6‐year observation period, the prevalence of CVRFs remains high in the SHCS. Time trends indicate a decrease in the percentage of smokers and individuals with high cholesterol.

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Background
Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Management in HIV-1-Infected Subjects Treated with HAART in the Spanish VACH Cohort
Domingo, P., Suárez-Lozano, I., Teira, R., Fernando, L., Terrón, A., Pompeyo, V., Juan, G., José, G. M., Geijo, P., Vergara, A., et al. (2008) · The Open AIDS Journal · doi:10.2174/1874613600802010026 · Cited by 34
“Despite that, we found that only between a fourth and a fifth of patients in our cohort needing LLT were effectively being treated, a figure somwwhat higher than those reported in previous years [34].”
Result
HIV-infected patients and treatment outcomes: an equivalence study of community-located, primary care-based HIV treatment vs. hospital-based specialty care in the Bronx, New York
Chu, C., Umanski, G., Blank, A. E., Grossberg, R. M., & Selwyn, P. A. (2010) · AIDS Care · doi:10.1080/09540121.2010.484456 · Cited by 33
“With the aging HIV-positive population and a growing prevalence of co-morbidities (e.g., diabetes) in these patients (Brown et al., 2005; Glass et al., 2006), involvement of primary caretrained generalists may improve health outcomes in the current treatment era.”
Background
The metabolic syndrome in HIV
Worm, S. W., & Lundgren, J. D. (2011) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2010.10.018 · Cited by 33
Hypertension and antihypertensive treatment in HIV-infected individuals. A longitudinal cohort study
Manner, I. W., Bækken, M., Oektedalen, O., & Os, I. (2012) · Blood Pressure · doi:10.3109/08037051.2012.680742 · Cited by 33
Can the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in HIV-Infected Patients Be Estimated from Conventional Risk Prediction Tools?
Friis‐Møller, N., & Worm, S. W. (2007) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/521936 · Cited by 33
“High rates of smoking have often been observed in cohorts of HIV-infected individuals, as well as a high proportion of heavy smokers [4, 17, 18].”
Background
Should HIV therapy be started at a CD4 cell count above 350 cells/μl in asymptomatic HIV-1-infected patients?
Sabin, C. A., & Phillips, A. N. (2009) · Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1097/qco.0b013e328326cd34 · Cited by 30
The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Hypertension among HIV Patients
Mbuthia, G. W., Magutah, K., & McGarvey, S. T. (2021) · International Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1155/2021/5544916 · Cited by 30
Evaluating the Effects of an Interdisciplinary Practice Model with Pharmacist Collaboration on HIV Patient Co-Morbidities
Cope, R. J., Berkowitz, L. B., Arcebido, R., Yeh, J., Trustman, N., & Cha, A. (2015) · AIDS Patient Care and STDs · doi:10.1089/apc.2015.0018 · Cited by 33
“While the most recently updated cholesterol guidelines published in late 2013 have represented a controversial shift away from numerical LDL goals in favor of appropriate prescribing(41), it is still important to note the significant reduction in cholesterol lowering seen with the interdisciplinary group as patients w…”
Elevated Soluble CD14 and Lower D-Dimer Are Associated With Cigarette Smoking and Heavy Episodic Alcohol Use in Persons Living With HIV
Cioe, P. A., Baker, J. V., Kojic, E. M., Önen, N. F., Hammer, J., Patel, P., & Kahler, C. W. (2015) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/qai.0000000000000759 · Cited by 29
HIV infection, aging and cardiovascular disease: epidemiology and prevention
Petoumenos, K., & Worm, S. W. (2011) · Sexual Health · doi:10.1071/sh11020 · Cited by 30
A meta-analysis investigating incidence and features of stroke in HIV-infected patients in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era
D'Ascenzo, F., Quadri, G., Cerrato, E., Calcagno, A., Omedè, P., Marra, W. G., Abbate, A., Bonora, S., Zoccai, G. B., Moretti, C., et al. (2015) · Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.2459/jcm.0b013e328365ca31 · Cited by 27
Hierarchical modeling gave plausible estimates of associations between metabolic syndrome and components of antiretroviral therapy
Young, J., Glass, T. R., Bernasconi, E., Rickenbach, M., Furrer, H., Hirschel, B. J., TARR, P. E., Vernazza, P., Battegay, M., & Bucher, H. C. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.07.015 · Cited by 26
“In the SHCS, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is estimated to be around 15% [12], and is relatively stable over time (Fig.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citation
Smoking Cessation Interventions in HIV-Infected Adults in North America: A Literature Review
Cioe, P. A. (2013) · Journal of Addictive Behaviors Therapy & Rehabilitation · doi:10.4172/2324-9005.1000112 · Cited by 25
“Cigarette smoking, a traditional risk factor for CVD, is more prevalent in this population and contributes to the elevated rate of risk [3,7-9].”
Background
Cardiovascular risk in HIV-infected individuals: A comparison of three risk prediction algorithms
Policarpo, S., Rodrigues, T., Moreira, A. C., & Valadas, E. (2019) · Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia · doi:10.1016/j.repc.2019.08.002 · Cited by 25
Cenicriviroc inhibits trans-endothelial passage of monocytes and is associated with impaired E-selectin expression
D’Antoni, M. L., Mitchell, B. I., McCurdy, S., Byron, M. M., Ogata-Arakaki, D., Chow, D. C., Mehta, N. N., Boisvert, W. A., Lefebvre, E. A., Shikuma, C. M., et al. (2018) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1002/jlb.5a0817-328rrr · Cited by 24
Dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease risk profiles of patients attending an HIV treatment clinic in Harare, Zimbabwe
Zhou, D. T., Kodogo, V., Chokuona, K. F. V., Øktedalen, O., Stray‐Pedersen, B., & Gomo, E. (2015) · HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care · doi:10.2147/hiv.s78523 · Cited by 23
Comparison of four international cardiovascular disease prediction models and the prevalence of eligibility for lipid lowering therapy in HIV infected patients on antiretroviral therapy
Begovać, J., Dragović, G., Višković, K., Kušić, J., Mihanović, M. P., Lukas, D., & Jevtović, D. (2015) · Croatian Medical Journal · doi:10.3325/cmj.2015.56.14 · Cited by 23
Short-term effects of extended-release niacin on endothelial function in HIV-infected patients on stable antiretroviral therapy
Chow, D. C., Stein, J. H., Seto, T. B., Mitchell, C., Sriratanaviriyakul, N., Grandinetti, A., Gerschenson, M., Shiramizu, B. T., Souza, S. A., & Shikuma, C. M. (2010) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/qad.0b013e3283383016 · Cited by 22
Lipodystrophy defined by Fat Mass Ratio in HIV-infected patients is associated with a high prevalence of glucose disturbances and insulin resistance
Freitas, P., Carvalho, D. M., Santos, A. C., Mesquita, J., Matos, M. J., Madureira, A. J., Martínez, E., Sarmento, A., & Medina, J. L. (2012) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/1471-2334-12-180 · Cited by 21
“The reported prevalence of DM in HIV-infected populations ranges from 2 % to 14 %, with differences in prevalence explained by differences in demographic characteristics, lifestyle, and antiretroviral exposure [7-11].”
Background
Hypertension in treated and untreated patients with HIV: a study from 2011 to 2013 at the Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
Isa, S. E., Kang'ombe, A. R., Simji, G. S., Shehu, N. Y., Oche, A. O., Idoko, J. A., Cuevas, L. E., & Gill, G. V. (2017) · Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.1093/trstmh/trx030 · Cited by 21
A pilot study to examine the acceptability and health effects of electronic cigarettes in HIV-positive smokers
Cioe, P. A., Mercurio, A. N., Lechner, W. V., Costantino, C., Tidey, J. W., Eissenberg, T., & Kahler, C. W. (2019) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107678 · Cited by 20
Nadir CD4+, religion, antiretroviral therapy, incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and increasing rates of obesity among black Africans with HIV disease
Longo‐Mbenza, B., Ndona, M., Wumba, R., Tandu‐Umba, B., Buassa-bu-Tsumbu, Situakibanza, H., Mambimbi, M., Dalida, K. N., & Mbungu (2012) · International Journal of General Medicine · doi:10.2147/ijgm.s32167 · Cited by 19
“High and low socioeconomic status were defined according to our previous population-based survey.(8) HIV disease staging was defined according to WHO criteria(11) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention classification.”
Association of non-HDL cholesterol with subclinical atherosclerosis in HIV-positive patients
Badiou, S., Thiébaut, R., Aurillac-Lavignolle, V., Dabis, F., Laporte, F., Cristol, J., & Mercié, P. (2008) · Journal of Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2008.05.007 · Cited by 19
Clinical Inertia in the Management of Low‐Density Lipoprotein Abnormalities in an HIV Clinic
Willig, J. H., Jackson, D. A., Westfall, A. O., Allison, J. J., Chang, P., Raper, J. L., Saag, M. S., & Mugavero, M. J. (2008) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/533466 · Cited by 18
“The success of HAART has resulted in new challenges in HIV-related morbidity and mortality, including a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and coronary artery disease [1, 2].”
Background
Prevalence and risk factors of high cholesterol and triglycerides among people with HIV in Texas
Buendia, J. R., Sears, S. C., & Mgbere, O. O. (2022) · AIDS Research and Therapy · doi:10.1186/s12981-022-00467-y · Cited by 17
“Major or other depression was defined as a score of 10 or more on the Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-8) [33].”
Method
UHPLC-MS/MS assay for simultaneous determination of amlodipine, metoprolol, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, atorvastatin with its active metabolites in human plasma, for population-scale drug-drug interactions studies in people living with HIV
Courlet, P., Spaggiari, D., Desfontaine, V., Cavassini, M. L., Saldanha, S. A., Buclin, T., Marzolini, C., Csajka, C., & Decosterd, L. A. (2019) · Journal of Chromatography B · doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121733 · Cited by 17
Self-citation
High smoking prevalence among HIV-positive individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Lindayani, L., Yeh, C., Ko, W., & Ko, N. (2019) · Journal of Substance Use · doi:10.1080/14659891.2019.1652364 · Cited by 17
“The response rate ranged from 73% to 98.1% with the highest response rate was found in Glass et al. (2006) and the lowest reported in Benard et al. (2006) (Table 1).”
BackgroundInfluential
Comparison Between the Framingham and Prospective Cardiovascular of Münster Scores for Risk Assessment of Coronary Heart Disease in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive Patients in Pernambuco, Brazil
Barros, Z. M., de Alencar Ximenes, R. A., Miranda-Filho, D. B., de Albuquerque, M. D. F. P. M., Melo, H. R. L., Carvalho, É. H., Gelenske, T., Diniz, G., & Bandeira, F. (2010) · Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders · doi:10.1089/met.2009.0100 · Cited by 16
Ecological Study of HIV Infection and Hypertension in Sub-Saharan Africa: Is There a Double Burden of Disease?
Angkurawaranon, C., Nitsch, D., Larke, N. L., Rehman, A. M., Smeeth, L. L., & Addo, J. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0166375 · Cited by 16
Predicting smoking cessation and its relapse in HIV ‐infected patients: the S wiss HIV C ohort S tudy
Schäfer, J., Young, J., Bernasconi, E., Ledergerber, B., Nicca, D., Calmy, A., Cavassini, M. L., Furrer, H., Battegay, M., Bucher, H. C., et al. (2014) · HIV Medicine · doi:10.1111/hiv.12165 · Cited by 15
Self-citation
Predictors of hypertension in an urban HIV-infected population at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
Okpa, H. O., Bisong, E. M., Enang, O., Monjok, E. M., & Essien, E. J. (2017) · HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care · doi:10.2147/hiv.s126374 · Cited by 15
Conventional cardiovascular risk factors in HIV infection: how conventional are they?
Sabin, C. A., & Worm, S. W. (2008) · Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS · doi:10.1097/coh.0b013e3282f6a613 · Cited by 15
Dyslipidemia and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in Croatian HIV-infected patients during the first year of highly active antiretroviral therapy.
Turčinov, D., Stanley, C. M., Canchola, J. A., Rutherford, G. W., Novotny, T. E., & Begovać, J. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 14
Randomized trial of a computerized coronary heart disease risk assessment tool in HIV-infected patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy
Study, S. H. C., Bucher, H. C., Rickenbach, M., Young, J., Glass, T. R., Vallet, Y., Bernasconi, E., Cavassini, M. L., Fux, C. A., Schiffer, V., et al. (2010) · Antiviral Therapy · doi:10.3851/imp1475 · Cited by 14
“population, indicate the need for aggressive cardiovascular risk management in HIV-infected cART recipients [8,9].”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Improvements over time in short-term mortality following myocardial infarction in HIV-positive individuals
Hatleberg, C. I., Ryom, L., El-Sadr, W. M., Smith, C. J., Weber, R. K., Reiss, P., Fontas, É., Dabis, F., Law, M. G., Monforte, A. D., et al. (2016) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/qad.0000000000001076 · Cited by 13
“Although some studies have reported an improvement over the years [5], earlier findings from the D:A:D Study demonstrated that the CVD risk profile of individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the cohort generally worsened from 1999 to 2006 [6].”
ResultSelf-citation
High prevalence of physical inactivity among patients from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Schäfer, J., Young, J., Calmy, A., Nicca, D., Hasse, B. K., del Re, C. B., Cavassini, M. L., Bernasconi, E., Schmidt‐Trucksäss, A., Bucher, H. C., et al. (2017) · AIDS Care · doi:10.1080/09540121.2016.1274016 · Cited by 13
“infected patients (Glass et al., 2006; Sabin et al., 2008) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become a major cause of morbidity and mortality in this population (Freiberg et al.”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Radionuclide imaging of inflammation in atherosclerotic vascular disease among people living with HIV infection: current practice and future perspective
Lawal, I. O., Ankrah, A. O., Stoltz, A. C., & Sathekge, M. M. (2019) · European Journal of Hybrid Imaging · doi:10.1186/s41824-019-0053-7 · Cited by 12
“5% had a previous history of stroke or myocardial infarction (Glass et al. 2006).”
BackgroundInfluential
Associations of depression and anxiety with cardiovascular risk among people living with HIV/AIDS in Korea
Park, K. S., Hwang, S. Y., Choi, B. Y., Kim, J. M., Kim, S. I., Kim, W. J., & Kang, C. (2020) · Epidemiology and Health · doi:10.4178/epih.e2021002 · Cited by 11
“5% [34] found in previous international studies conducted among men living with HIV.”
Result
An investigation of the pattern of kidney injury in HIV-positive persons exposed to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate: an examination of a large population database (MHRA database)
Danjuma, M. I.-M., Mohamad-Fadzillah, N. H., & Khoo, S. (2013) · International Journal of STD & AIDS · doi:10.1177/0956462413504747 · Cited by 11
Trends in non-AIDS-related causes of death among adults with HIV/AIDS, Brazil, 1999 to 2010
Fazito, E., Vasconcelos, A. M. N., Pereira, M. G., & de Rezende, D. F. (2013) · Cadernos de Saúde Pública · doi:10.1590/0102-311x00128912 · Cited by 11
Population-Based Study of Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease Among HIV-Infected Persons
Oh, J. Y., Greene, K., He, H., Schafer, S., & Hedberg, K. (2012) · The Open AIDS Journal · doi:10.2174/1874613601206010177 · Cited by 11
Patologia cardiovascular associada ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana
Costa, L. A., & Almeida, A. G. (2015) · Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia · doi:10.1016/j.repc.2015.03.005 · Cited by 10
Ecological Study of the Predictors of Successful Management of Dyslipidemia in HIV-Infected Patients on ART: the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Glass, T. R., Weber, R. K., Vernazza, P., Rickenbach, M., Furrer, H., Bernasconi, E., Cavassini, M. L., Hirschel, B. J., Battegay, M., Bucher, H. C., et al. (2007) · HIV Clinical Trials · doi:10.1310/hct0802-77 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Lipid and Lipoprotein Profile in HIV-Infected Patients Treated with Lopinavir/Ritonavir as a Component of the First Combination Antiretroviral Therapy
Magenta, L., Dell‐Kuster, S., Richter, W. O., Young, J., Hasse, B. K., Flepp, M., Hirschel, B. J., Vernazza, P., Evison, J., Cavassini, M. L., et al. (2010) · AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses · doi:10.1089/aid.2010.0207 · Cited by 9
“However, the risk of cardiovascular events in our population remains a concern mainly due to the high percentage of patients with low HDL, 42 frequent smoking, 43 and inﬂamma-tory factors associated with HIV infection.”
Self-citation
Predictors of optimal viral suppression in patients switched to abacavir, lamivudine, and zidovudine: the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Wolbers, M., Opravil, M., von Wyl, V., Hirschel, B. J., Furrer, H., Cavassini, M. L., Vernazza, P., Bernasconi, E., Battegay, M., Yerly, S., et al. (2007) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/qad.0b013e3282efacb1 · Cited by 9
“The main advantages of ABC/3TC/ZDV are a very low pill burden (two pills per day), the association with favourable total cholesterol and triglyceride levels [1–5], and few drug interactions.”
BackgroundResultSelf-citation
Cardiovascular diseases associated with HIV infection and their management
Rawdanowicz, J., Pikto−Pietkiewicz, W., & Marczyńska, M. (2013) · Kardiologia Polska · doi:10.5603/kp.2013.0301 · Cited by 9
Long-term clinical, immunological and virological outcomes of patients on antiretroviral therapy in southern Myanmar
Aza, E. B., Shetty, S., Ousley, J., Kyaw, N. T. T., Soe, T. T., Soe, K. P., Mon, P. E., Tun, K. T., Ciglenečki, I., Cristofani, S., et al. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0191695 · Cited by 8

Authors: Glass, T., Ungsedhapand, C., Wolbers, M., Weber, R., Vernazza, P., Rickenbach, M., Furrer, H., Bernasconi, E., Cavassini, M., Hirschel, B., Battegay, M., Bucher, H., & Study, T. S. H. C.
Affiliations: University Hospital of Basel (CH)
University Hospital Zurich (CH)
Kantonsspital St. Gallen (CH)
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CH)
University Hospital of Bern (CH)
Ospedale regionale di Lugano (CH)
University Hospital of Geneva (CH)
ORCID: Wolbers, M
Weber, R
Furrer, H
Bernasconi, E
Cavassini, M
Battegay, M
Venue: HIV Medicine
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2006-07-24
Volume: 7
Issue: 6
Pages: 404-410
ISSN: 1464-2662 (ISSN-L)
1468-1293
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2006.00400.x
OpenAlex: W2068156414
Cited by: 156
References: 23
Citations by year: 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 11.13
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: HIV Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
BORIS (University Library Bern) (submittedVersion)
IRIS (submittedVersion)
SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion)
Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: American Diabetes Association
Cardiovascular Research Foundation
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV-related health complications and treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
Keywords: cardiovascular risk factors, HIV infection, coronary artery disease, antiretroviral therapy, metabolic changes, smoking, hypercholesterolemia, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, hypertension, 10-year cardiovascular risk, temporal trends, Swiss HIV Cohort Study
MeSH terms: Adult, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Hypertension, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Switzerland, Time Factors, Cohort Studies, HIV Infections, Prevalence, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Risk Assessment, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Dyslipidemias

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Prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected patients over time: the Swiss HIV Cohort Study

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