Selection Test Anxiety: Exploring Tension and Fear of Failure Across the Sexes in Simulated Selection Scenarios

McCarthy, Julie M.; Goffin, Richard D.

doi:10.1111/j.1468-2389.2005.00325.x

Cited by 71Education, Achievement, and GiftednessAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychometric Methodologies and Testing

Selection Test Anxiety: Exploring Tension and Fear of Failure Across the Sexes in Simulated Selection Scenarios

McCarthy, Julie M., Goffin, Richard D.·2005·International Journal of Selection and Assessment

DOI 10.1111/j.1468-2389.2005.00325.x

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Standardized tests are commonly used to select individuals in both pre-employment and educational settings. Nevertheless, research has yet to sufficiently explore the relationship between test anxiety (TA) and test performance in selection contexts. The goal of this study was to assess the dimensionality of TA, the relations between TA and test performance, and the impact of gender on TA within the realm of personnel selection. Test anxiety was found to be bi-dimensional and negatively related to performance on a cognitively based selection instrument. Gender moderated the relation between TA and test performance, with stronger associations for males. This finding is consistent with the sex-linked anxiety coping theory that is advanced here. Implications of this study and avenues for future research are discussed.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1468-2389.2005.00325.x

Cites

72 of 72 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Test anxiety negatively impacts test scores in occupational testing.
“There are likely to be significant differences in terms of factors such as motivation and anxiety when taking a test for an experiment compared with taking a test for a job (e.g., Barry et al., 2010) and text anxiety is found to negatively impact test scores in occupational testing (McCarthy & Goffin, 2005).”
From Factors Related to Mean Score Group Differences on Cognitive Ability Tests: A Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as McCarthy & Goffin, 2005

The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations.
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.51.6.1173 · Cited by 91,542 · see citing works
Stress, appraisal, and coping
Eysenck, H. J. (1985) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(85)90087-7 · Cited by 32,026 · see citing works
“Stress: appraisal and coping,”
Folkman, S. (2013) · Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_215 · Cited by 27,833 · see citing works
Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures.
Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588 · Cited by 19,266 · see citing works
Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling.
MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M. W., & Sugawara, H. M. (1996) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.1.2.130 · Cited by 10,418 · see citing works
A threat in the air: How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance
Steele, C. M. (1997) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.52.6.613 · Cited by 6,770 · see citing works
Journal of social behavior and personality
(1986) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(86)90025-5 · Cited by 6,751 · see citing works
Dynamics of a stressful encounter: Cognitive appraisal, coping, and encounter outcomes.
Folkman, S., Lazarus, R. S., Dunkel‐Schetter, C., DeLongis, A., & Gruen, R. J. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.50.5.992 · Cited by 4,893 · see citing works
The validity and utility of selection methods in personnel psychology: Practical and theoretical implications of 85 years of research findings.
Schmidt, F. L., & Hunter, J. E. (1998) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.124.2.262 · Cited by 4,180 · see citing works
Normal personality assessment in clinical practice: the NEO personality inventory
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.4.1.5 · Cited by 3,414 · see citing works
Sex Differences in Coping Behavior: A Meta-Analytic Review and an Examination of Relative Coping
Tamres, L. K., Janicki, D., & Helgeson, V. S. (2002) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0601_1 · Cited by 1,807 · cited 6× · see citing works
“analysis that examined sex differences in a wide range of coping styles (Tamres et al., 2002).”
BackgroundInfluential
Correlates, Causes, Effects, and Treatment of Test Anxiety
Hembree, R. (1988) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543058001047 · Cited by 1,723 · see citing works
Choosing a multivariate model: Noncentrality and goodness of fit.
McDonald, R. P., & Marsh, H. W. (1990) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.247 · Cited by 1,439 · see citing works
Cognitive test anxiety and academic performance
Cassady, J. C., & Johnson, R. E. (2002) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1006/ceps.2001.1094 · Cited by 1,315 · see citing works
Cognitive and Emotional Components of Test Anxiety: A Distinction and Some Initial Data
Liebert, R. M., & Morris, L. W. (1967) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1967.20.3.975 · Cited by 1,161 · see citing works
Test Anxiety
(1998) · Perspectives on Individual Differences · doi:10.1007/b109548 · Cited by 1,105 · see citing works
A study of anxiety and learning.
Mandler, G., & Sarason, S. B. (1952) · Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0062855 · Cited by 1,074 · see citing works
Cognitive ability, cognitive aptitudes, job knowledge, and job performance
Hunter, J. E. (1986) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/0001-8791(86)90013-8 · Cited by 1,070 · see citing works
Psychological Testing
Sierles, F. S. (1982) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-7973-7_4 · Cited by 992 · see citing works
Test anxiety and the hierarchical model of approach and avoidance achievement motivation.
Elliot, A. J., & McGregor, H. A. (1999) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.76.4.628 · Cited by 962 · see citing works
Test anxiety and the hierarchical model of approach and avoidance achievement motivation.
Elliot, A. J., & McGregor, H. A. (1999) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.76.4.628 · Cited by 961 · see citing works
Stress, anxiety, and cognitive interference: Reactions to tests.
Sarason, I. G. (1984) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.46.4.929 · Cited by 959 · see citing works
THEORY TESTING: COMBINING PSYCHOMETRIC META‐ANALYSIS AND STRUCTURAL EQUATIONS MODELING
VISWESVARAN, C., & ONES, D. S. (1995) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1995.tb01784.x · Cited by 926 · see citing works
THE IMPORTANCE OF RECRUITMENT IN JOB CHOICE: A DIFFERENT WAY OF LOOKING
Rynes, S. L., Bretz, R. D., & Gerhart, B. A. (1991) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1991.tb02402.x · Cited by 739 · see citing works
TEST BIAS: PREDICTION OF GRADES OF NEGRO AND WHITE STUDENTS IN INTEGRATED COLLEGES
Cleary, T. A. (1968) · Journal of Educational Measurement · doi:10.1111/j.1745-3984.1968.tb00613.x · Cited by 658 · see citing works
A comprehensive meta-analysis of the predictive validity of the Graduate Record Examinations: Implications for graduate student selection and performance.
Kuncel, N. R., Hezlett, S. A., & Ones, D. S. (2001) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.127.1.162 · Cited by 639 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The aforementioned investigations have relevance to selection contexts, where standardized testing is commonly used to select students for academic programs (Kuncel et al., 2001), and applicants for jobs (Morgan & Smith, 1996).”
Background
Cognitive and emotional components of anxiety: Literature review and a revised worry-emotionality scale.
Morris, L. W., Davis, M. A., & Hutchings, C. H. (1981) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.73.4.541 · Cited by 631 · see citing works
Anxiety and academic performance: A meta-analysis of findings
Seipp, B. (1991) · Anxiety Research · doi:10.1080/08917779108248762 · Cited by 607 · see citing works
Statistical Inference for Coefficient Alpha
Feldt, L. S., Woodruff, D. J., & Salih, F. A. (1987) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662168701100107 · Cited by 526 · see citing works
Applicants' perceptions of selection procedures and decisions: a critical review and agenda for the future
Ryan, A. M., & Ployhart, R. E. (2000) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/014920630002600308 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
CONCEPTUAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES IN ANXIETY RESEARCH
Spielberger, C. D. (1972) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-657402-9.50013-2 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Test anxiety: Theory, assessment, and treatment
Vasey, M. W. (1996) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/0887-6185(96)00013-8 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
MOTIVATIONAL COMPONENTS OF TEST TAKING
ARVEY, R. D., STRICKLAND, W., DRAUDEN, G., & MARTIN, C. (1990) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1990.tb00679.x · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Journal of Business and Psychology
Barrett, G. V., Polomsky, M. D., & Mcdaniel, M. A. (2013) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/10869.1573-353x · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Advances in test anxiety research
(1986) · Scandinavian Journal of Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506078609455769 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Test anxiety: Theory, assessment, and treatment.
Spielberger, C. D., & Vagg, P. R. (1995) · Taylor & Francis eBooks · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Cross-Cultural Anxiety
Field, M. G. (1989) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1989.43.1.138 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Reactions to cognitive ability tests: The relationships between race, test performance, face validity perceptions, and test-taking motivation.
Chan, D., Schmitt, N., DeShon, R. P., Clause, C. S., & Delbridge, K. (1997) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.82.2.300 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Fairness in employment testing: validity generalization, minority issues, and the General Aptitude Test Battery
(1989) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.27-1601 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Measuring Job Interview Anxiety: Beyond Weak Knees and Sweaty Palms
McCarthy, J. M., & Goffin, R. D. (2004) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2004.00002.x · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Self-citation
Psychological Testing (5th edn)
Hallinan, P. (1985) · The Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist · doi:10.1017/s0816512200025207 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Women, Motivation, and Achievement
Hyde, J. S., & Kling, K. C. (2001) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1111/1471-6402.00035 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Test-taking dispositions: A missing link?
Schmit, M. J., & Ryan, A. M. (1992) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.77.5.629 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
APPLICANT WITHDRAWAL: THE ROLE OF TEST‐TAKING ATTITUDES AND RACIAL DIFFERENCES
Schmit, M. J., & Ryan, A. M. (1997) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1997.tb01485.x · Cited by 123 · see citing works
META‐ANALYSIS OF PERSONALITY‐JOB PERFORMANCE RELATIONS: A REPLY TO ONES, MOUNT, BARRICK, AND HUNTER (1994)
Tett, R., Jackson, D. N., Rothstein, M. G., & Reddon, J. R. (1994) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1994.tb02415.x · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Hostile environments, stereotype threat, and math performance among undergraduate women
Oswald, D. L., & Harvey, R. D. (2000) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-000-1025-5 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Influence of Item Content and Stereotype Situation on Gender Differences in Mathematical Problem Solving
Walsh, M., Hickey, C., & Duffy, J. (1999) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1023/a:1018854212358 · Cited by 88 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Additionally, the stereotype threat literature (i.e., Oswald & Harvey, 2000; Steele, 1997; Walsh, Hickey, & Duffy, 1999 ) may provide clues as to the etiology of gender differences in TTA.”
Background
A Comparison of Two New Indices for the Assessment of Fit of Structural Equation Models
Goffin, R. D. (1993) · Multivariate Behavioral Research · doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr2802_3 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citation
Relation between coping strategies, sex-typed traits, and environmental characteristics: A comparison of male and female managers.
Long, B. C. (1990) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-0167.37.2.185 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
A Step-Down Hierarchical Multiple Regression Analysis for Examining Hypotheses About Test Bias in Prediction
Lautenschlager, G. J., & Mendoza, J. L. (1986) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662168601000202 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Criterion validation of two approaches to performance appraisal: The behavioral observation scale and the relative percentile method
Goffin, R. D., Gellatly, I. R., Paunonen, S. V., Jackson, D. N., & Meyer, J. P. (1996) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf02278252 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citation
Test Anxiety and Off-Task Behavior in Evaluative Situations
Nottelmann, E. D., & Hill, K. T. (1977) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1128902 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Intellectual and personality correlates of test anxiety.
Sarason, I. G. (1959) · Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0042200 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Multidimensional Aptitude Battery
(2007) · Encyclopedia of Measurement and Statistics · doi:10.4135/9781412952644.n294 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Second-Order Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Reactions to Tests Scale with Cross-Validation
Benson, J., & Bandalos, D. L. (1992) · Multivariate Behavioral Research · doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr2703_8 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Test anxiety and intellectual performance.
Sarason, I. G. (1963) · Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0047059 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
TEST PREPARATION PROGRAMS IN SELECTION CONTEXTS: SELF‐SELECTION AND PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS
Ryan, A. M., Ployhart, R. E., Greguras, G. J., & Schmit, M. J. (1998) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1998.tb00253.x · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Predicting Job Performance Using Personality Constructs: Are Personality Tests Created Equal?
Goffin, R. D., Rothstein, M. G., & Johnston, N. G. (2000) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4397-8_11 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citation
An Investigation into the Relationship between Neuroticism, Extraversion and Cognitive Test Performance in Selection
Dobson, P. (2000) · International Journal of Selection and Assessment · doi:10.1111/1468-2389.00140 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Stress prevention training: sex differences in types of stressors, coping, and training effects
Bekker, M. H. J., Nijssen, A., & Hens, G. (2001) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.900 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Test anxiety and aptitude test performance in an actual college admissions testing situation: Temporal considerations
Zeidner, M. (1991) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(91)90092-p · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Performance on creativity measures with examination‐taking instructions intended to induce high or low levels of test anxiety
Smith, K. L. R., Michael, W. B., & Hocevar, D. (1990) · Creativity Research Journal · doi:10.1080/10400419009534360 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Children's achievement strategies and test performance: The role of time pressure, evaluation anxiety, and sex.
Plass, J. A., & Hill, K. T. (1986) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.22.1.31 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
TEST ANXIETY AND THE GRE GENERAL TEST
Powers, D. E. (1986) · ETS Research Report Series · doi:10.1002/j.2330-8516.1986.tb00200.x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
A study of state, trait, and test anxiety, and their relationship to assessment center performance.
Fletcher, C., Lovatt, C., & Baldry, C. (1997) · Journal of social behavior and personality · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Is the Test Attitude Survey Psychometrically Sound?
McCarthy, J. M., & Goffin, R. D. (2003) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164403063003007 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effects of decisional control on state anxiety and achievement
Keinan, G., & Zeidner, M. (1987) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(87)90154-1 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Sex differences in validity for academic and employment criteria, and different types of predictors.
Schmitt, N., Mellon, P. M., & Bylenga, C. (1978) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-9010.63.2.145 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Differential validity by sex in employment settings
Rothstein, H. R., & McDaniel, M. A. (1992) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf01014342 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Resisting Test Mania. From the Editor.
Ross, E. W. (1999) · Theory & Research in Social Education · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Resisting Test Mania
(1999) · Theory & Research in Social Education · doi:10.1080/00933104.1999.10505875 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Staffing the new workplace: selecting and promoting for quality improvement
(1996) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.34-0389 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Predicting school achievement in boys and girls
Freudenthaler, H. H., Spinath, B., & Neubauer, A. C. (2008) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.678 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
A Framework for the Analysis of Student Well-Being in the Pisa 2015 Study : Being 15 In 2015
Borgonovi, F., & Pál, J. (2016) · OECD education working papers · doi:10.1787/5jlpszwghvvb-en · Cited by 110 · see citing works
The nature and relative importance of students' perceptions of the sources of test anxiety
Bonaccio, S., & Reeve, C. L. L. (2010) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2010.09.007 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
The Influence of Socioeconomic Status, Self-efficacy, and Anxiety on Mathematics Achievement in England, Greece, Hong Kong, the Netherlands, Turkey, and the USA
Kalaycıoğlu, D. B. (2015) · Educational Sciences Theory & Practice · doi:10.12738/estp.2015.5.2731 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Sex differences in secondary school success: why female students perform better
Fischer, F. T., Schult, J., & Hell, B. (2012) · European Journal of Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s10212-012-0127-4 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Challenging experiences: gender differences in task choice
de Pater, I. E., Vianen, A. E. M. V., Fischer, A. H., & van Ginkel, W. P. (2009) · Journal of Managerial Psychology · doi:10.1108/02683940910922519 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Test Anxiety and Cardiovascular Responses to Daily Academic Stressors
Conley, K. M., & Lehman, B. J. (2011) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.1399 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Reexamining the relationship between test anxiety and learning achievement: An individual-differences perspective
Sung, Y., Chao, T.-Y., & Tseng, F.-L. (2016) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2016.07.001 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Biofeedback-Assisted Relaxation Training to Decrease Test Anxiety in Nursing Students
Prato, C., & Yucha, C. B. (2013) · Nursing Education Perspectives · doi:10.5480/1536-5026-34.2.76 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
The Selection Interview from the Interviewer and Applicant Perspectives: Can't Have One without the Other
Dipboye, R. L., Macan, T. M., & Shahani‐Denning, C. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199732579.013.0015 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“Tackling Test Anxiety”: A Group for College Students
Damer, D. E., & Melendres, L. T. (2011) · The Journal for Specialists in Group Work · doi:10.1080/01933922.2011.586016 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
PROGRESSION THROUGH THE RANKS: ASSESSING EMPLOYEE REACTIONS TO HIGH‐STAKES EMPLOYMENT TESTING
McCarthy, J. M., Hrabluik, C., & Jelley, R. B. (2009) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2009.01158.x · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citation
Does stress impact technical interview performance?
Behroozi, M., Shirolkar, S., Barik, T., & Parnin, C. (2020) · ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE) · doi:10.1145/3368089.3409712 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Attachment, self-esteem and test anxiety in adolescence and early adulthood
Dan, O., Ilan, O. B., & Kurman, J. (2013) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410.2013.814191 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Selection Test Anxiety: Investigating applicants' self‐ vs other‐referenced anxiety in a real selection setting
Proost, K., Derous, E., Schreurs, B. H. J., Hagtvet, K. A., & Witte, K. D. (2008) · International Journal of Selection and Assessment · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2389.2008.00405.x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Can I retake it? Exploring subgroup differences and criterion-related validity in promotion retesting.
Iddekinge, C. H. V., Morgeson, F. P., Schleicher, D. J., & Campion, M. A. (2011) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0023562 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Comparing different explanations of the effect of test anxiety on respondents' test scores
Sommer, M., & Arendasy, M. E. (2013) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2013.11.003 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Cognitive ability in virtual reality: Validity evidence for VR game‐based assessments
Weiner, E., & Sanchez, D. R. (2020) · International Journal of Selection and Assessment · doi:10.1111/ijsa.12295 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Text anxiety on cognitive ability test can result in differential predictive validity of academic performance
Bonaccio, S., Reeve, C. L. L., & Winford, E. C. (2011) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.11.015 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Further evidence for the deficit account of the test anxiety–test performance relationship from a high-stakes admission testing setting
Sommer, M., & Arendasy, M. E. (2015) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2015.08.007 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Ansiedade em situações de prova: evidências de validade de duas escalas
Karino, C. A., & Laros, J. A. (2014) · Psico-USF · doi:10.1590/s1413-82712014000100004 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
The K nowledge, S kill, and A bility R equirements for T eamwork: R evisiting the T eamwork‐ KSA T est's validity
O’Neill, T., Goffin, R. D., & Gellatly, I. R. (2012) · International Journal of Selection and Assessment · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2389.2012.00578.x · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citation
Game based assessments of cognitive ability in recruitment: Validity, fairness and test-taking experience
Leutner, F., Codreanu, S., Brink, S., & Bitsakis, T. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.942662 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Co-creating learning experiences to support student employability in travel and tourism
Guachalla, A., & Gledhill, M. (2019) · Journal of Hospitality Leisure Sport & Tourism Education · doi:10.1016/j.jhlste.2019.100210 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Interview anxiety across the sexes: Support for the sex-linked anxiety coping theory
Feiler, A. R., & Powell, D. M. (2012) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.07.030 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Student Emotions in Conversation-Based Assessments
Lehman, B. A., & Zapata‐Rivera, D. (2018) · IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies · doi:10.1109/tlt.2018.2810878 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Cognitive ability, exam-related emotions and exam performance: A field study in a college setting
Reeve, C. L. L., Bonaccio, S., & Winford, E. C. (2014) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2014.03.001 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Applicant Anxiety: Examining the sex‐linked anxiety coping theory in job interview contexts
Feeney, J. R., McCarthy, J. M., & Goffin, R. D. (2015) · International Journal of Selection and Assessment · doi:10.1111/ijsa.12115 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citation
Can we playfully measure cognitive ability? Construct‐related validity and applicant reactions
Ohlms, M. L., Melchers, K. G., & Kanning, U. P. (2023) · International Journal of Selection and Assessment · doi:10.1111/ijsa.12450 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Individual Task Choice and the Division of Challenging Tasks Between Men and Women
de Pater, I. E., Vianen, A. E. M. V., Humphrey, R. H., Sleeth, R. G., Hartman, N. S., & Fischer, A. H. (2009) · Group & Organization Management · doi:10.1177/1059601108331240 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Academic Locus of Control, Tendencies towards Academic Dishonesty and Test Anxiety Levels as the Predictors of Academic Self-efficacy
Yeşilyurt, E. (2014) · Educational Sciences Theory & Practice · doi:10.12738/estp.2014.5.1841 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Test Anxiety and the Americans With Disabilities Act
Lovett, B. J., & Nelson, J. M. (2017) · Journal of Disability Policy Studies · doi:10.1177/1044207317710699 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Coping strategies as mediators in the relationship between test anxiety and academic achievement
Genc, A. (2016) · Psihologija · doi:10.2298/psi160720005g · Cited by 14 · see citing works
An investigation of the reasons for test anxiety, time spent studying, and achievement among adolescents in Taiwan
Chao, T.-Y., & Sung, Y. (2019) · Asia Pacific Journal of Education · doi:10.1080/02188791.2019.1671804 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
A Confirmatory Factor Analysis Approach to Test Anxiety
Halpin, P. F., da-Silva, C. Q., & de Boeck, P. A. L. (2014) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705511.2014.915377 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Gender differences in academic performance of high school students: The relationship with cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle endurance, and test anxiety
Dubuc, M.-M., Aubertin-Leheudre, M., & Karelis, A. D. (2020) · International Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_258_18 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
What friends tell you about justice: The influence of peer communication on applicant reactions
Geenen, B., Proost, K., Schreurs, B. H. J., van Dam, K., & von Grumbkow, J. (2013) · Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.5093/tr2013a6 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Test Anxiety Symptoms in College Students: Base Rates and Statistical Deviance
Lovett, B. J., Nelson, J. M., & O’Meara, P. (2024) · Psychological Injury and Law · doi:10.1007/s12207-023-09494-0 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Applause as an achievement‐based reward during a computerised self‐assessment test
Moridis, C. N., & Economides, A. A. (2011) · British Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8535.2011.01221.x · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Experience of test anxiety among university students
Nalevska, G. P., Popovski, F., & Popovska, H. D. (2024) · International Journal of Research Studies in Education · doi:10.5861/ijrse.2024.24003 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Reappraising the Relationship Between Interview Anxiety and Performance Outcome in a Computer-Mediated Setting
Shrivastava, A., Kabra, S., & Kapoor, M. (2023) · Business and Professional Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/23294906231160672 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Ansiedade em Provas: um Estudo na Obtenção da Licença para Dirigir
de Araújo, A. H., Borloti, E., & Haydu, V. B. (2016) · Psicologia Ciência e Profissão · doi:10.1590/1982-3703000592014 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Establishing an Interview Anxiety Baseline: Assessing Applicants’ Readiness
Boyer, L., Carden, L. L., Johnson, L. U., & Boyd, R. O. (2017) · Business and Professional Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/2329490616686567 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Psychosocial factors predicting the adjustment and academic performance of university students
Sommer, M. (2013) · Unisa Institutional Repository (University of South Africa) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
PERFEKCIONIZAM I SAMOEFIKASNOST KAO PREDIKTORI ISPITNE ANKSIOZNOSTI KOD STUDENATA
Kurtović, A., & Baborac, J. (1970) · Primenjena psihologija · doi:10.19090/pp.2017.2.147-163 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Using visual stimuli in narrative career interventions: effects of image-supported storytelling on interview anxiety and performance
Lin-Stephens, S., & Manuguerra, M. (2023) · International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance · doi:10.1007/s10775-023-09603-0 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The Big Fish-Little Pond Effect on Affective Factors Based on PISA 2012 Mathematics Achievement
Kalaycıoğlu, D. B. (2017) · Eğitimde ve Psikolojide Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Dergisi · doi:10.21031/epod.297686 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
ATTRIBUTIONS TO ACADEMIC SUCCESS AND FAILURE AND THE STRATEGIES FOR DEALING WITH THE EXAMINATION SITUATION AS PREDICTORS OF ACADEMIC SUCCESS
Đigić, G., & Zdravković, M. (2019) · Facta Universitatis Series Philosophy Sociology Psychology and History · doi:10.22190/fupsph1902067d · Cited by 3 · see citing works
SCHOOL AND INDIVIDUAL FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE ACHIEVEMENT GAP IN COLLEGE ADMISSIONS TESTS IN CHILE
Mejías, P. P. (2012) · University Libraries (University of Maryland) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The longitudinal dynamics of academic burnout and test anxiety among adolescents over a semester: the moderating role of perfectionistic concern over mistakes
Chen, Y., Zhang, B., Sun, X., Zhang, H., & Hu, W. (2025) · Social Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s11218-025-10072-2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
SEÇİM MÜLAKATLARINDA KAYGI ÖLÇEĞİ (MASI)’NİN TÜRKÇEYE UYARLANMASI: GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI
Turgut, D., Güler, B. K., & Yüzbaşı, D. V. (2024) · Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi · doi:10.16953/deusosbil.1378381 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Relationships Among Recruiter Characteristics and Pre-and Post-hire Recruitment Outcomes
Fischer, J. S. (2013) · IRL - University of Missouri, St. Louis (University of Missouri–St. Louis) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Examining the efficacy of inoculation and value‐affirmation interventions in improving precandidate reactions among prospective military recruits
Feeney, J. R., Sylvester, B., & Gooch, S. (2024) · International Journal of Selection and Assessment · doi:10.1111/ijsa.12475 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Gamifizierung und Game-based Assessment
Ohlms, M. L. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-68211-1_6 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Effectiveness of Positive Self-Talks on Reducing Test Anxiety in Elementary Students with Dyslexia
Sharabiani, A. A., & Atadokht, A. (2018) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Effects of Test Anxiety on Academic Performance of Under Graduate University Students
Ali, M. A. (2023) · Annals of Human and Social Sciences · doi:10.35484/ahss.2023(4-ii)01 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
STUDY OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HIGH AND LOW ACADEMIC ACHIEVERS.
Hasan, S. S. (2008) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Factors Related to Mean Score Group Differences on Cognitive Ability Tests: A Systematic Review
Cuppello, S., Zibarras, L. D., & Corr, P. J. (2025) · Trends in Psychology · doi:10.1007/s43076-025-00504-5
The Differential Effect of Applicants' Self-Versus Other-Referenced Anxiety on Test PerformancePreprint
Proost, K., Derous, E., Schreurs, B. H. J., Hagtvet, K. A., & Witte, K. D. (2011) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics
Effect of Positive Self-talk on Exam Anxiety of Nursing Students
Salmani, N. (2013)
Native American Students' Perceptions of High-Stakes Testing in New Mexico
Tracy, G. Y. (2012)
Fearing the evaluative context of personnel selection : how bad can it get?
Proost, K. (2008) · Lirias
RELACIJE IZMEĐU ISPITNE ANKSIOZNOSTI I AKADEMSKOG POSTIGNUĆA
Genc, A., & Pekić, J. M. (2013) · ГОДИШЊАК ФИЛОЗОФСКОГ ФАКУЛТЕТА У НОВОМ САДУ · doi:10.19090/gff.2013.2.149-165
صورة الجسم والقلق والمخاوف الاجتماعیة دراسة نفسیة مقارنة على عینة من طالبات جامعة حائل
خطاب, س. س. ح. (2017) · مجلة کلية الآداب جامعة بنها · doi:10.21608/jfab.2017.104566
Decision-Making in Young Adults: Towards a Better Understanding of Individual Differences in Decision-Making Anxiety
Girard, A. J. (2020) · uO Research (University of Ottawa) · doi:10.20381/ruor-25690
الوعی بمهارات ما ورا المعرفة لدى طالبات کلیة التربیة وعلاقتها بالتحصیل الدراسی وقلق الاختبار
الحارثی, س. م. (2015) · دراسات تربوية ونفسية مجلة کلية التربية بالزقازيق · doi:10.21608/sec.2015.145544
صورة الجسم والقلق والمخاوف الاجتماعیة دراسة نفسیة مقارنة على عینة من طالبات جامعة حائل
خطاب, س. س. ح. (2018) · دراسات عربية في علم النفس · doi:10.21608/assj.2018.91853
Coping, Overview
Franco-Zamudio, J. L., Zeringue, M., Cline, K., & Tenhundfeld, N. L. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5583-7_369
الفروق فى القلق والمقاومة النفسية فى ضوء شدة الإعاقة والنوع لدى عينة من المراهقين المعاقين سمعيا
عبد, س. ع. ا. م. (2020) · Al-Mağallah Al-ʿilmiyyaẗ Li Kulliyyaẗ Al-Adāb - Ǧāmiʿaẗ Asyūṭ/Al-Mağallah Al-ʿilmiyyaẗ Li Kulliyyaẗ Al-Adāb - Ǧāmiʿaẗ Asyūṭ · doi:10.21608/aakj.2020.286175
فعالية العلاج بالتعريض في تخفيف اضطراب قلق الكلام لدى طلاب الجامعة
الطنطاوي, ح. ش. م. (2023) · مجلة کلية التربية · doi:10.21608/jfe.2023.311807

Interview anxiety across the sexes: Support for the sex-linked anxiety coping theory
Feiler, A. R., & Powell, D. M. (2012) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.07.030 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Selection Test Anxiety: Investigating applicants' self‐ vs other‐referenced anxiety in a real selection setting
Proost, K., Derous, E., Schreurs, B. H. J., Hagtvet, K. A., & Witte, K. D. (2008) · International Journal of Selection and Assessment · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2389.2008.00405.x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Test Anxiety and Performance over Battery of Projective Test Used for Personality Assessment in Selection
Kowal, D. S., Masood, A., & Jha, V. (2017) · Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing
Applicant Anxiety: Examining the sex‐linked anxiety coping theory in job interview contexts
Feeney, J. R., McCarthy, J. M., & Goffin, R. D. (2015) · International Journal of Selection and Assessment · doi:10.1111/ijsa.12115 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citation
When and how does anxiety influence interview outcomes? : The moderating role of gender, interviewer anxiety and impression management.
Proost, K., & Derous, E. (2018) · DSpace (Open University in the Netherlands)

Authors: McCarthy, J. M., & Goffin, R. D.
Affiliations: University of Toronto (CA)
Western University (CA)
Corresponding author: McCarthy, Julie M.
ORCID: McCarthy, Julie M.
Goffin, Richard D.
Venue: International Journal of Selection and Assessment
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2005-12
Volume: 13
Issue: 4
Pages: 282-295
ISSN: 0965-075X (ISSN-L)
1468-2389
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2389.2005.00325.x
OpenAlex: W1978575185
Cited by: 71
References: 71
Citations by year: 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 6
FWCI: 1.72
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm, 3561 d)
Locations: International Journal of Selection and Assessment (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords: test anxiety, personnel selection, test performance, gender differences, standardized testing

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Selection Test Anxiety: Exploring Tension and Fear of Failure Across the Sexes in Simulated Selection Scenarios

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks