The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 13 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Subthreshold conditions as precursors for full syndrome disorders: a 15‐year longitudinal study of multiple diagnostic classes
Open accessAbstract
Background: There has been increasing interest in the distinction between subthreshold and full syndrome disorders and specifically whether subthreshold conditions escalate or predict the onset of full syndrome disorders over time. Most of these studies, however, examined whether a single subthreshold condition escalates into the full syndrome form of that disorder. Equally important, though, is whether subthreshold conditions are likely to develop other full syndrome disorders and whether these associations are maintained after adjusting for comorbidity. Methods: A 15‐year longitudinal study of subthreshold psychiatric conditions was conducted with 1,505 community‐drawn young adults. We examined whether 1) subthreshold major depression, bipolar, anxiety disorders, alcohol use, substance use, conduct disorder and/or ADHD were precursors for the corresponding (homotypic) full syndrome disorder; 2) subthreshold conditions were precursors for other (heterotypic) full syndrome disorders; and 3) these homotypic and heterotypic precursors persisted after adjusting for comorbidity. Results: Subthreshold major depression, anxiety, alcohol use, substance use, and conduct all escalated into their corresponding full syndrome and nearly all homotypic developments were maintained after adjusting for comorbid subthreshold and full syndrome conditions. Many heterotypic associations were also observed and most remained after controlling for comorbidity, particularly among externalizing disorders (e.g., alcohol, substance, conduct/antisocial personality disorder). Conclusions: Many subthreshold conditions have predictive validity as they may represent precursors for full syndrome disorders. Alternatively, dimensional conceptualizations of psychopathology which include these more minor conditions may yield greater validity. Subthreshold conditions may represent good targets for preventive interventions.
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19 Own result · 10 Own method · 7 Not checked yet · 6 Own interpretation
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
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“With the exception of subthreshold anxiety, all of the homotypic escalations from Table 2 remained significant after adjusting for comorbidity.”
§ Subthreshold conditions as precursors for full syndrome disorders: A 15-year longitudinal study of multiple diagnostic classes > Results > Predicting follow-up FS disorders adjusting for comorbidity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These disorders often predicted the development of the others, were occasionally bidirectional (subthreshold substance predicted FS alcohol and subthreshold alcohol predicted FS substance), and did not predict the development of internalizing disorders (depression and anxiety).”
§ Subthreshold conditions as precursors for full syndrome disorders: A 15-year longitudinal study of multiple diagnostic classes > Discussion > Heterotypic development
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“subthreshold alcohol no longer predicting FS substance use disorder”
§ Subthreshold conditions as precursors for full syndrome disorders: A 15-year longitudinal study of multiple diagnostic classes > Results > Predicting follow-up FS disorders adjusting for comorbidity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Those with subthreshold conduct developed FS bipolar, anxiety, alcohol use, and substance use disorders.”
§ Subthreshold conditions as precursors for full syndrome disorders: A 15-year longitudinal study of multiple diagnostic classes > Results > Predicting FS conditions at follow-up (T2 thru T4)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The findings that subthreshold conduct disorder predicted FS bipolar and FS anxiety were the only heterotypic developments that ‘crossed’ between internalizing and externalizing disorders.”
§ Subthreshold conditions as precursors for full syndrome disorders: A 15-year longitudinal study of multiple diagnostic classes > Discussion > Heterotypic development
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With the exception of subthreshold bipolar disorder, homotypic escalations were observed as subthreshold conditions significantly predicted a first onset of the FS condition over time.”
§ Subthreshold conditions as precursors for full syndrome disorders: A 15-year longitudinal study of multiple diagnostic classes > Results > Predicting FS conditions at follow-up (T2 thru T4)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Those with subthreshold bipolar disorder developed FS depressive and anxiety disorders.”
§ Subthreshold conditions as precursors for full syndrome disorders: A 15-year longitudinal study of multiple diagnostic classes > Results > Predicting FS conditions at follow-up (T2 thru T4)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“subthreshold ADHD no longer predicted FS alcohol use disorder”
§ Subthreshold conditions as precursors for full syndrome disorders: A 15-year longitudinal study of multiple diagnostic classes > Results > Predicting follow-up FS disorders adjusting for comorbidity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No participants developed ADHD for the first time at follow-up.”
§ Subthreshold conditions as precursors for full syndrome disorders: A 15-year longitudinal study of multiple diagnostic classes > Methods > FS at Follow-up
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With the exception of subthreshold anxiety, all of the homotypic escalations from Table 2 remained significant after adjusting for comorbidity.”
§ Subthreshold conditions as precursors for full syndrome disorders: A 15-year longitudinal study of multiple diagnostic classes > Results > Predicting follow-up FS disorders adjusting for comorbidity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 13
- Probably not a substantial claim. 9
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Even before adjusting for comorbidity, subthreshold depression and anxiety did not predict the FS version of the other.”
§ Subthreshold conditions as precursors for full syndrome disorders: A 15-year longitudinal study of multiple diagnostic classes > Discussion > Heterotypic development
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The majority of the heterotypic associations observed for subthreshold conditions were also found for FS conditions. However, FS disorders were associated with more conditions at follow-up than subthreshold conditions.”
§ Subthreshold conditions as precursors for full syndrome disorders: A 15-year longitudinal study of multiple diagnostic classes > Results > Predicting FS conditions at follow-up (T2 thru T4)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Those with subthreshold substance developed FS alcohol use disorders and a trend for bipolar and anxiety disorders.”
§ Subthreshold conditions as precursors for full syndrome disorders: A 15-year longitudinal study of multiple diagnostic classes > Results > Predicting FS conditions at follow-up (T2 thru T4)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Those with subthreshold alcohol developed FS substance use disorder and conduct disorder/ASPD.”
§ Subthreshold conditions as precursors for full syndrome disorders: A 15-year longitudinal study of multiple diagnostic classes > Results > Predicting FS conditions at follow-up (T2 thru T4)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Those with subthreshold ADHD developed FS alcohol and substance use disorders, and conduct disorder/ASPD.”
§ Subthreshold conditions as precursors for full syndrome disorders: A 15-year longitudinal study of multiple diagnostic classes > Results > Predicting FS conditions at follow-up (T2 thru T4)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Many heterotypic associations were also observed and most remained after controlling for comorbidity, particularly among externalizing disorders”
§ Subthreshold conditions as precursors for full syndrome disorders: A 15-year longitudinal study of multiple diagnostic classes > Abstract > Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“suggesting that each subthreshold externalizing condition has unique, as well as shared predictive validity.”
§ Subthreshold conditions as precursors for full syndrome disorders: A 15-year longitudinal study of multiple diagnostic classes > Discussion > Heterotypic development
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The proportional hazards assumption was tested by including a Time X Predictor interaction term in each Cox model”
§ Subthreshold conditions as precursors for full syndrome disorders: A 15-year longitudinal study of multiple diagnostic classes > Methods > Data Analyses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Data to compute interrater reliabilities for T1 subthreshold conditions were not available.”
§ Subthreshold conditions as precursors for full syndrome disorders: A 15-year longitudinal study of multiple diagnostic classes > Methods > Diagnostic Measures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In sum, our results suggest that subthreshold conditions have both important homotypic and heterotypic predictive power.”
§ Subthreshold conditions as precursors for full syndrome disorders: A 15-year longitudinal study of multiple diagnostic classes > Discussion
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“participants were weighted by their probability of selection for T3 (standard errors were adjusted in inferential statistics).”
§ Subthreshold conditions as precursors for full syndrome disorders: A 15-year longitudinal study of multiple diagnostic classes > Methods > Data Analyses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“due to the multiple comparisons, some findings (particularly some of the heterotypic associations), may have been due to a Type I error and thus require replication.”
§ Subthreshold conditions as precursors for full syndrome disorders: A 15-year longitudinal study of multiple diagnostic classes > Discussion > Heterotypic development
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“subthreshold conditions are common (Lewinsohn, Shankman, Gau & Klein, 2004), and are associated with functional impairment (Kessler, Zhao, Blazer, & Swartz, 1997)”
§ Subthreshold conditions as precursors for full syndrome disorders: A 15-year longitudinal study of multiple diagnostic classes > Abstract > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lewinsohn, Shankman, Gau & Klein, 2004
- Not checked yetcites Kessler, Zhao, Blazer, & Swartz, 1997
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Subthreshold depressive conditions, such as minor depression or Brief Recurrent Depression, have been associated with significant impairment (Gotlib, Lewinsohn, & Seeley, 1995; Kessler et al., 1997), and increased treatment utilization (Judd, Paulus, Wells & Rapaport, 1996).”
§ Subthreshold conditions as precursors for full syndrome disorders: A 15-year longitudinal study of multiple diagnostic classes > Abstract > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Gotlib, Lewinsohn, & Seeley, 1995; Kessler et al., 1997
- Not checked yetcites Judd, Paulus, Wells & Rapaport, 1996
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Cox models were conducted in two sets – 1) adjusting for gender (as gender related to the predictor and the outcome) and 2) adjusting for gender and comorbid conditions at T1.”
§ Subthreshold conditions as precursors for full syndrome disorders: A 15-year longitudinal study of multiple diagnostic classes > Methods > Data Analyses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Interviews at T3 and T4 were conducted by telephone, which generally yields comparable results to face-to-face interviews”
§ Subthreshold conditions as precursors for full syndrome disorders: A 15-year longitudinal study of multiple diagnostic classes > Methods > Diagnostic Measures
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rohde, Lewinsohn, & Seeley, 1997
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because of the small differences in ages, we did not adjust for baseline age in the Cox models below.”
§ Subthreshold conditions as precursors for full syndrome disorders: A 15-year longitudinal study of multiple diagnostic classes > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Subthreshold depression (Fergusson, Horwood, Ridder & Beautrais, 2005; Lewinsohn et al., 2000a) bipolar disorder (Lewinsohn et al, 2000b; Regeer et al., 2006) and anxiety disorder (Merikangas et al., 2003) have been shown to escalate into the FS condition over time.”
§ Subthreshold conditions as precursors for full syndrome disorders: A 15-year longitudinal study of multiple diagnostic classes > Abstract > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Fergusson, Horwood, Ridder & Beautrais, 2005; Lewinsohn et al., 2000a
- Not checked yetcites Lewinsohn et al, 2000b; Regeer et al., 2006
- Not checked yetcites Merikangas et al., 2003
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“although our definitions of subthreshold conditions were consistent with the literature, they are admittedly somewhat arbitrary.”
§ Subthreshold conditions as precursors for full syndrome disorders: A 15-year longitudinal study of multiple diagnostic classes > Discussion > Heterotypic development
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“there is substantial comorbidity and familial co-aggregation among subthreshold and FS conditions”
§ Subthreshold conditions as precursors for full syndrome disorders: A 15-year longitudinal study of multiple diagnostic classes > Abstract > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Angst, Merikangas & Preisig, 1997; Lewinsohn et al., 2004; Shankman et al., 2008
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Further, subclinical depression is associated with a two- to five-fold increased risk of full-syndrome depressive disorders [10-13].”
From MoodHacker Mobile Web App With Email for Adults to Self-Manage Mild-to-Moderate Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial (2016) · cites this paper as [13]
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Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
§ Subthreshold conditions as precursors for full syndrome disorders: A 15-year longitudinal study of multiple diagnostic classes > Conclusion > Key points
“We found that subthreshold MDD, anxiety, alcohol, substance and conduct escalated into their cooresponding (FS) disorders, even after adjusting for comorbidity”
§ Subthreshold conditions as precursors for full syndrome disorders: A 15-year longitudinal study of multiple diagnostic classes > Results > Predicting follow-up FS disorders adjusting for comorbidity
“With the exception of subthreshold anxiety, all of the homotypic escalations from Table 2 remained significant after adjusting for comorbidity.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Subthreshold conditions as precursors for full syndrome disorders: A 15-year longitudinal study of multiple diagnostic classes > Discussion > Heterotypic development
“These disorders often predicted the development of the others, were occasionally bidirectional (subthreshold substance predicted FS alcohol and subthreshold alcohol predicted FS substance), and did not predict the development of internalizing disorders (depression and anxiety).”
§ Subthreshold conditions as precursors for full syndrome disorders: A 15-year longitudinal study of multiple diagnostic classes > Results > Predicting FS conditions at follow-up (T2 thru T4)
“Those with subthreshold conduct developed FS bipolar, anxiety, alcohol use, and substance use disorders.”
Citations
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Michelini, G., Palumbo, I. M., DeYoung, C. G., Latzman, R. D., & Kotov, R. (2021) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102025 · Cited by 307
The prevalence and burden of subthreshold generalized anxiety disorder: a systematic review
Haller, H., Cramer, H., Lauche, R., Gass, F., & Dobos, G. J. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-14-128 · Cited by 267
“Of these, 21 studies [22-42] were excluded because they reported outcome data only for mixed subthreshold diagnoses, for subthreshold diagnoses other than GAD or because they contained data analyzed in already included articles.”
BackgroundGoldstein, B. I., Birmaher, B. B., Carlson, G. A., DelBello, M. P., Findling, R. L., Fristad, M. A., Kowatch, R. A., Miklowitz, D. J., Nery, F. G., Algorta, G. P., et al. (2017) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12556 · Cited by 246
Pain and the onset of depressive and anxiety disorders
Gerrits, M. M. J. G., van Oppen, P., van Marwijk, H., Penninx, B. W. J. H., & van der Horst, H. E. (2013) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2013.09.005 · Cited by 242
“We already know that such symptoms often are associated with disorder onset [15,47].”
BackgroundJonsson, U., Bohman, H., von Knorring, L., Olsson, G., Päären, A., & von Knorring, A. ‐. (2010) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.10.046 · Cited by 227
Funkhouser, C. J., Chacko, A., Correa, K. A., Kaiser, A. J. E., & Shankman, S. A. (2020) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13256 · Cited by 224
Self-citationSubthreshold depression in children and adolescents – a systematic review
Wesselhoeft, R. T., Sørensen, M. J., Heiervang, E. R., & Bilenberg, N. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.06.010 · Cited by 241
Lee, Y. Y., Stockings, E. A., Harris, M. G., Doi, S. A. R., Page, I. S., Davidson, S. K., & Barendregt, J. J. (2019) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718000557 · Cited by 201
“…longitudinal studies – the largest study found the risk of first-onset major depression to be as high as 35.5% in people with subthreshold depression (Shankman et al. 2009), while another study found no statistically significant increase in risk among people with subthreshold depression (Jonsson…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMowlem, F. D., Agnew‐Blais, J. C., Taylor, E. A., & Asherson, P. J. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.128 · Cited by 247
Psychiatric disorders and sexual risk among adolescents in mental health treatment.
Brown, L. K., Hadley, W. S., Stewart, A. J., Lescano, C. M., Whiteley, L., Donenberg, G. R., & DiClemente, R. J. (2010) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0019632 · Cited by 204
“were included in the current study given that subthreshold conditions in adolescents have predictive validity as precursors for full syndrome disorders (Fergusson, Horwood, Ridder, & Beautrais, 2005; Klein, Shankman, Lewinsohn, & Seeley, 2009; Shankman et al., 2009), and studies have documented significant functional…”
BackgroundThe cortisol awakening response and major depression: examining the evidence
Dedovic, K., & Ngiam, J. (2015) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s62289 · Cited by 191
“56 Another study by Mangold et al investigated 55 Mexican– American males and females (18–38) with low, moderate, and high subclinical depression symptoms.”
Birney, A. J., Gunn, R., Russell, J. K., & Ary, D. V. (2016) · JMIR mHealth and uHealth · doi:10.2196/mhealth.4231 · Cited by 159
“Further, subclinical depression is associated with a two- to five-fold increased risk of full-syndrome depressive disorders [10-13].”
Van Meter, A. R., Burke, C., Youngstrom, E. A., Faedda, G. L., & Correll, C. U. (2016) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2016.04.017 · Cited by 174
Leadbeater, B. J. R., Thompson, K., & Gruppuso, V. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2012.694608 · Cited by 178
“Similar to studies of psychiatric disorders, past research also shows that subclinical symptoms of mental health problems in adolescence predict homotypical clinical disorders in adulthood (Shankman et al., 2009).”
ResultMurnane, E. L., Cosley, D., Chang, P., Guha, S., Frank, E., Gay, G., & Matthews, M. (2016) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1093/jamia/ocv165 · Cited by 134
“The distributions of BD subtypes in our study sample are representative of existing prevalence estimates,(25) except for the lower incidence of cyclothymia,(26) which, together with the high number of reported BD episodes, suggest that our respondents may have relatively severe BD presentations.(27)”
Faedda, G. L., Baldessarini, R. J., Marangoni, C., Bechdolf, A., Berk, M., Birmaher, B., Conus, P., DelBello, M. P., Duffy, A. C., Hillegers, M. H. J., et al. (2019) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12831 · Cited by 124
Clinical risk factors for bipolar disorders: A systematic review of prospective studies
Faedda, G. L., Serra, G., Marangoni, C., Salvatore, P., Sani, G., Vázquez, G. H., Tondo, L., Girardi, P., Baldessarini, R. J., & Koukopoulos, A. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.07.013 · Cited by 122
“01 Conduct disorder-subsyndromal Shankman et al., 2009 1505 14–20 DSM-IV/KSADS-E Community (OADP) 15 3.9 p¼0.05 Conduct disorder Morcillo et al., 2012 34,653 418 DSM-IV/ AUDADIS-IV Community (NESARC) (3) 2.04 M, 1.72 F Criminal behavior Zimmermann et al., 2009 2210 risk set 14–24 DSM-IV/M-CIDI…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialKovacs, M., & Lopez‐Duran, N. (2010) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02230.x · Cited by 111
“…clinical interview (e.g., Georgiades, Lewinsohn, Monroe, & Seeley, 2006), when important variables were statistically controlled (e.g., Shankman et al., 2009), and appear to be specific to the prediction of depressive as compared to anxiety or substance use disorders (e.g., Shankman et al., 2009).”
BackgroundNon-suicidal self-injury disorder in a community sample of adults
Andover, M. S. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.06.001 · Cited by 112
“Similar to research on other subthreshold disorders (e.g., Shankman et al., 2009), individuals with subthreshold NSSI Disorder may experience significant impairment, and the subthreshold disorder may be a precursor for developing the full syndrome or another disorder.”
Rodriguez-Seijas, C. A., Eaton, N. R., & Krueger, R. F. (2015) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2015.1055752 · Cited by 111
“Indeed, milder forms of disorder represent a more valid conceptualization of the continuous or dimensional nature of psychopathology (Shankman et al., 2009), in contrast with the traditional categorical approach.”
BackgroundDepression in children and adolescents in the first 6 months after traumatic brain injury
Max, J. E., Keatley, E. S., Wilde, E. A., Bigler, E. D., Schachar, R. J., Saunders, A. E., Ewing‐Cobbs, L., Chapman, S. B., Dennis, M., Yang, T. T., et al. (2011) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2011.12.005 · Cited by 111
“We chose to investigate subclinical depression and anxiety because of the compelling empirical data supporting the validity of these constructs and their relationship with corresponding full clinical disorders with naturalistic follow up (Klein et al., 2009; Shankman et al., 2009).”
BackgroundBlazer, D. G., & Wu, L.-T. T. (2011) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e3182006a96 · Cited by 110
Friborg, M. K., Hansen, J. V., Aldrich, P. T., Folker, A. P., Kjær, S., Nielsen, M. B. D., Rugulies, R., & Madsen, I. E. H. (2017) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4669-x · Cited by 105
Subthreshold attention deficit hyperactivity in children and adolescents: a systematic review
Balázs, J., & Keresztény, Á. (2014) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-013-0514-7 · Cited by 108
“[23] found that subthreshold ADHD, when compared with those who had neither subthreshold ADHD nor fullsyndrome ADHD, significantly predicted a first onset of full-syndrome alcohol dependence, substance use disorder, and conduct disorder/antisocial personality disorder.”
MethodResultIs subthreshold depression in adolescence clinically relevant?
Noyes, B. K., Munoz, D. P., Khalid‐Khan, S., Brietzke, E. M., & Booij, L. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.067 · Cited by 108
Crockett, M. A., Martínez, V., & Jiménez-Molina, Á. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.111 · Cited by 105
“…MDD and progressing into a persistent depressive condition (Georgiades et al., 2006; Jonsson et al., 2011; Klein et al., 2009; Rohde et al., 2009; Shankman et al., 2009); in addition, they are more likely to develop https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.111 Received 21 December 2019; Received in…”
BackgroundInfluentialCarrellas, N. W., Biederman, J., & Uchida, M. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.12.037 · Cited by 102
Duffy, A. C. (2012) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.11111725 · Cited by 105
Psychological distress and risk of long-term disability: population-based longitudinal study
Rai, D., Kosidou, K., Lundberg, M., Araya, R., Lewis, G., & Magnusson, C. (2011) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.2010.119644 · Cited by 99
Lahey, B. B., Zald, D. H., Hakes, J. K., Krueger, R. F., & Rathouz, P. J. (2014) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.359 · Cited by 103
Kujawa, A., Hajcak, G., & Klein, D. N. (2018) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12944 · Cited by 97
“Subthreshold symptomsshouldbe strongpredictors of the later development of depressive disorders (Keenan et al., 2008; Shankman et al., 2009), and follow-up data with this sample will allow us to continue to explore these pathways across adolescence.”
BackgroundSelf-citationDear, B. F., Fogliati, V. J., Fogliati, R., Johnson, B., Boyle, O., Karin, E., Gandy, M., Kayrouz, R., Staples, L. G., & Titov, N. (2018) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867417738055 · Cited by 93
Whittle, S., Yap, M. B. H., Sheeber, L., Dudgeon, P., Yücel, M., Pantelis, C., Simmons, J. G., & Allen, N. B. (2011) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579410000684 · Cited by 93
“We examined depressive symptoms rather than case-level disorder in this age group because of the well-established relationship between increasing symptoms and later disorder (Shankman et al., 2009).”
BackgroundDisguised Distress in Children and Adolescents “Flying Under The Radar”
Flett, G. L., & Hewitt, P. L. (2013) · Canadian Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1177/0829573512468845 · Cited by 93
“While the primary focus of most research on subclinical conditions has been on subclinical depression, Shankman et al. (2009) noted that other types of symptoms are quite prevalent and involve substantial risk of escalation. For instance, Stice, Marti, Shaw, and Jaconis (2009) studied 496 adolescent girls and found th…”
BackgroundInfluentialCortisol Awakening Response and Hippocampal Volume: Vulnerability for Major Depressive Disorder?
Dedovic, K., Engert, V., Duchesne, A., Lue, S. D., Andrews, J., Efanov, S. I., Beaudry, T., & Pruessner, J. C. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.07.025 · Cited by 99
Bosman, R. C., ten Have, M., de Graaf, R., Muntingh, A., van Balkom, A. V., & Batelaan, N. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.01.018 · Cited by 85
Hartmann, J., McGorry, P. D., Destrée, L., Amminger, G. P., Chanen, A. M., Davey, C. G., Ghieh, R., Polari, A. R., Ratheesh, A., Yuen, H. P., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.553578 · Cited by 92
Prevalence of DSM-IV disorders, comorbidity and impairment in 3-year-old Spanish preschoolers
Ezpeleta, L., de la Osa, N., & Domènech, J. (2013) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-013-0683-1 · Cited by 89
Kirova, A.-M., Kelberman, C., Storch, B., DiSalvo, M., Woodworth, K. Y., Faraone, S. V., & Biederman, J. (2019) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.02.003 · Cited by 88
“All five longitudinal studies (Kadesjo and Gillberg, 2001; Shankman et al., 2009; Bussing et al., 2010; Fergusson et al., 2010; Noren Selinus et al., 2016) found that subthreshold ADHD and full threshold ADHD diagnoses in childhood and adolescence were associated with a number of negative outcomes in late adolescence…”
BackgroundInfluentialPrecursors of Bipolar Disorders
Faedda, G. L., Marangoni, C., Serra, G., Salvatore, P., Sani, G., Vázquez, G. H., Tondo, L., Girardi, P., Baldessarini, R. J., & Koukopoulos, A. (2015) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.13r08900 · Cited by 95
Leadbeater, B. J. R., & Homel, J. (2014) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-014-9908-3 · Cited by 100
Treatment use and barriers among adolescents with prescription opioid use disorders
Wu, L.-T. T., Blazer, D. G., Li, T., & WOODY, G. E. (2011) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.07.033 · Cited by 87
“Subthreshold substance users (meeting 1–2 dependence criteria but no abuse criteria) could be good targets for early case identification and interventions because longitudinal data show that they escalate into substance use disorders (SUD) (Shankman et al., 2009).”
Bipolar and ADHD comorbidity: Both artifact and outgrowth of shared mechanisms.
Youngstrom, E. A., Arnold, L. E., & Frazier, T. W. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.2010.01226.x · Cited by 90
“Others do not show a manic episode, but often have a major depression (Shankman et al., 2009), leaving it uncertain whether the illness is a bipolar depression.”
BackgroundHartmann, J., Nelson, B., Ratheesh, A., Treen, D., & McGorry, P. D. (2018) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718001435 · Cited by 79
“Stressful or adverse life events were identified as a psychosocial predictor of onset of MDD in offspring at high FHR for depression (Hammen et al., 1991; Rice et al., 2017).”
BackgroundInfluentialDeJong, M. (2010) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1359104510377705 · Cited by 82
“Follow up over time has indicated that many such presentations tend to escalate into full blown disorders (Shankman et al., 2009).”
BackgroundConsiderations toward an epigenetic and common pathways theory of mental disorder.
Nigg, J. T. (2023) · Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science · doi:10.1037/abn0000748 · Cited by 79
Longitudinal Assessment of Manic Symptoms (LAMS) Study
Horwitz, S. M., Demeter, C., Pagano, M. E., Youngstrom, E. A., Fristad, M. A., Arnold, L. E., Birmaher, B. B., Gill, M. K., Axelson, D., Kowatch, R. A., et al. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.09m05835yel · Cited by 80
“…in behavior, further, as pointed out by Youngstrom et al.55 in an extensive review of the evidence on the phenomenology of bipolar disorder in youth, these symptoms are highly specific to the disorder although, as reported by Shankman et al., 2009 59 the diagnostic evolution may not be homotypic.”
BackgroundCOURSE AND RISK FACTORS OF FUNCTIONAL IMPAIRMENT IN SUBTHRESHOLD DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY
Karsten, J., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Verboom, C. E., Nolen, W. A., & Hartman, C. A. (2012) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22021 · Cited by 77
“[9–11] But, in order to evaluate the future clinical relevance of subthreshold disorder, it is important to not only focus on the course of symptoms, but also on the course of associated functional impairment.”
Prevention of depression in childhood and adolescence
Mendelson, T., & Tandon, S. D. (2016) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2015.11.005 · Cited by 77
Ramadianto, A. S., Kusumadewi, I., Agiananda, F., & Raharjanti, N. W. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-03745-1 · Cited by 107
“The risk is even more pronounced in late teenagers and young adults, the age range of respondents in this study [54, 55].”
BackgroundCyclothymic disorder: A critical review
Meter, A. V., Youngstrom, E. A., & Findling, R. L. (2012) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.02.001 · Cited by 73
“(Merikangas et al., 2007), and, in some cases, cyclothymic disorder may represent the prodrome to more severe presentations of bipolar disorder (Klein, Depue, & Slater, 1986; Shankman et al., 2009).”
BackgroundKujawa, A., Hajcak, G., Danzig, A. P., Black, S. R., Bromet, E. J., Carlson, G. A., Kotov, R., & Klein, D. N. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.09.008 · Cited by 68
“Though subthreshold symptoms are a strong predictor of full-threshold disorders (70,71), additional work is needed to evaluate whether our results generalize to prediction of clinical disorders.”
Self-citationPredictors of the Course of Anxiety Disorders in Adolescents and Young Adults
Asselmann, E., & Beesdo‐Baum, K. (2015) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-014-0543-z · Cited by 62
Selinus, E. N., Molero, Y., Lichtenstein, P., Anckarsäter, H. S., Lundström, S., Bottai, M., & Gumpert, C. H. (2016) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12655 · Cited by 65
“levels of ADHD and negative outcomes (26, 31, 37, 38, 45, 46, 84).”
ResultPhysical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Symptoms of Major Depression in Middle Childhood
Zahl‐Thanem, T., Steinsbekk, S., & Wichstrøm, L. (2017) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2016-1711 · Cited by 70
Ezpeleta, L., de la Osa, N., Granero, R., Domenech, J. M., & Reich, W. (2011) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2011.04.034 · Cited by 62
“precursor of full syndrome disorder (Shankman et al., 2009).”
BackgroundZhu, Y., Qi, S., Zhang, B., He, D., Teng, Y., Hu, J., & Wei, X. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00371 · Cited by 55
“It is not surprising to observe the insula and amygdala because they are the neuroanatomical core of MDD pathology and closely related to anxiety (27).”
BackgroundInfluentialTrends in Subthreshold Psychiatric Diagnoses for Youth in Community Treatment
Safer, D. J., Rajakannan, T., Burcu, M., & ZITO, J. M. (2014) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.1746 · Cited by 62
Hill, R. M., Pettit, J. W., Lewinsohn, P. M., Seeley, J. R., & Klein, D. N. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.02.011 · Cited by 58
“, 2009), although approximately 2/3 of adolescents who experience SubD never escalate to full syndrome MDD (Shankman et al., 2009).”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationEstimating the burden of psychiatric disorders in adolescence: the impact of subthreshold disorders
Roberts, R. E., Fisher, P. W., Blake Turner, J., & Tang, M. (2015) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-014-0972-3 · Cited by 59
“Research suggests that subthreshold disorders are common among adolescents [24], are precursors in adolescence for full syndrome disorders in adulthood [25], and are associated with functional impairment [26].”
BackgroundDell’Acqua, C., Ghiasi, S., Benvenuti, S. M., Greco, A., Gentili, C., & Valenza, G. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.015 · Cited by 60
Leadbeater, B. J. R., Thompson, K., & Sukhawathanakul, P. (2014) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579414000315 · Cited by 59
“Subclinical levels of these problems in adolescence also predict more serious disorders in adulthood (Klein et al., 2013; Shankman et al., 2009).”
BackgroundZur Komorbidität von aggressivem Verhalten und ADHS
Witthöft, J., Koglin, U., & Petermann, F. (2010) · Kindheit und Entwicklung · doi:10.1026/0942-5403/a000029 · Cited by 57
Nieman, D. H., & McGorry, P. D. (2015) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00221-7 · Cited by 61
Whittle, S., Yücel, M., Lorenzetti, V., Byrne, M. L., Simmons, J. G., Wood, S. J., Pantelis, C., & Allen, N. B. (2011) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.10.004 · Cited by 50
Ames, M. E., & Leadbeater, B. J. R. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.001 · Cited by 51
Starr, L. R., Stroud, C. B., & Li, Y. I. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.10.065 · Cited by 51
Psychological, endocrine and neural responses to social evaluation in subclinical depression
Dedovic, K., Duchesne, A., Engert, V., Lue, S. D., Andrews, J., Efanov, S. I., Beaudry, T., & Pruessner, J. C. (2013) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nst151 · Cited by 54
“, 2001) and that it may represent the precursor for the full disorder (Shankman et al., 2009).”
BackgroundADHD in adults: a concept in evolution
Matte, B. C., Rohde, L. A., & Grevet, E. H. (2012) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-012-0077-3 · Cited by 56
“Shankman et al. (2009) followed a large group of adolescents until age 30.”
BackgroundHjarsbech, P. U., Andersen, R. V., Christensen, K. B., Aust, B., Borg, V., & Rugulies, R. (2010) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.07.033 · Cited by 48
The economic impact of subthreshold and clinical childhood mental disorders
Fatori, D., Salum, G., Itria, A., Pan, P., Alvarenga, P., Rohde, L. A., Bressan, R., Gadelha, A., de Jesus Mari, J., Conceição do Rosário, M., et al. (2018) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638237.2018.1466041 · Cited by 47
“…diagnosis, however, they suffer impairment (Alvarenga et al., 2015; GonzálezTejera et al., 2005; Scahill et al., 1999) and are at greater risk for developing a clinical mental disorder later in life (Fergusson et al., 2005; Fullana et al., 2009; Hill et al., 2014; Shankman et al., 2009).”
BackgroundMaxwell, A. M., Harrison, K., Rawls, E., & Zilverstand, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.808776 · Cited by 44
Paillère-Martinot, M. L., Lemaître, H., Artiges, É., Miranda, R., Goodman, R., Penttilä, J., Struve, M., Fadai, T., Kappel, V., Poustka, L., et al. (2013) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2013.44 · Cited by 45
Subthreshold body dysmorphic disorder in adolescents: Prevalence and impact
Schneider, S. C., Mond, J., Turner, C. M., & Hudson, J. L. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.085 · Cited by 44
“…depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder are linked to increased comorbidity, greater functional impairment, and higher risk of later full-syndrome disorders (Balázs et al., 2013; Haller et al., 2014; Shankman et al., 2009; Wesselhoeft et al., 2013; Wolitzky-Taylor et al., 2014).”
BackgroundAugustine, L., Lygnegård, F., & Granlund, M. (2021) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2021.1955304 · Cited by 44
Holm‐Denoma, J. M., Hankin, B. L., & Young, J. F. (2014) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2014.03.015 · Cited by 43
“…occur in self-report measurement methods have been well-documented (Paulhus, 1991); however, past research has demonstrated that self-report dimensional symptom scales predict subsequent, full-threshold diagnoses (Shankman et al., 2009) and psychosocial problems (Gotlib, Lewinsohn, & Seeley, 1995).”
ResultSpecificity of psychopathology across levels of severity: a transdiagnostic network analysis
Groen, R. N., Wichers, M., Wigman, J. T. W., & Hartman, C. A. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-54801-y · Cited by 37
Diversity and the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP)
Rodriguez-Seijas, C. A., Li, J. J., Balling, C. E., Brandes, C. M., Bernat, E. M., Boness, C. L., Forbes, M. K., Forbush, K. T., Joyner, K. J., Krueger, R. F., et al. (2023) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-023-00200-0 · Cited by 43
Hendriks, A. M., Bartels, M., Colins, O. F., & Finkenauer, C. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.03.021 · Cited by 44
Features preceding diagnosis of bipolar versus major depressive disorders
Serra, G., Koukopoulos, A., Chiara, L. D., Napoletano, F., Koukopoulos, A. E., Curto, M., Manfredi, G., Faedda, G. L., Girardi, P., & Baldessarini, R. J. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.050 · Cited by 41
“Some studies have found that: [a] a greater number (load), [b] persistence or recurrence of prodromal symptoms and [c] younger age at symptom-onset, themselves, may increase risk for later BD, perhaps even more than the presence of individual early symptoms (Akiskal et al., 1983; Burstein et al., 2014; Fiedorowicz et…”
BackgroundClinical and Environmental Risk Factors for Bipolar Disorder: Review of Prospective Studies
Marangoni, C., Faedda, G. L., & Baldessarini, R. J. (2018) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000161 · Cited by 40
Conducting psychopathology prevention research in the RDoC era.
Zalta, A. K., & Shankman, S. A. (2016) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/cpsp.12144 · Cited by 38
Self-citationLeadbeater, B. J. R., & Ames, M. E. (2016) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-016-0190-4 · Cited by 39
“However, our findings concur with previous research on depressive symptoms (Shankman et al. 2009), suggesting that subclinical symptoms of mental health problems in adolescence can be of considerable concern for academic and occupational functioning in young adulthood.”
ResultWeinberger, A. H., Pilver, C. E., Desai, R. A., Mazure, C. M., & McKee, S. A. (2012) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.06.028 · Cited by 38
Malhi, G. S., Das, P., Outhred, T., Bryant, R. A., & Calhoun, V. D. (2019) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2019.10 · Cited by 38
Keerthy, D., Youk, A. O., Srinath, A. I., Malas, N., Bujoreanu, S. I., Bousvaros, A., Keljo, D. J., DeMaso, D. R., & Szigethy, E. (2016) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/mpg.0000000000001207 · Cited by 36
“It is important to include minor depression because it can often be a precursor to major depression if left untreated (35) and is associated with significant morbidity and functional impairment in adolescents (36–38).”
BackgroundJohnston, L., Dear, B. F., Gandy, M., Fogliati, V. J., Kayrouz, R., Sheehan, J., Rapee, R. M., & Titov, N. (2014) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867414527524 · Cited by 37
“Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 48(9) chronic mental health difficulties in later life and are associated with poorer workforce participation, income and living standards by age 30 (Gibb et al., 2010; Shankman et al., 2009).”
BackgroundGenc, S., Malpas, C. B., Gülenç, A., Sciberras, E., Efron, D., Silk, T. J., & Seal, M. L. (2020) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100853 · Cited by 37
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“There is increasing interest to understand the health risks of subclinical mental health symptoms due to the high prevalence coupled with their predictive validity as precursors for clinically diagnosed mental health disorders (7).”
BackgroundZimmerman, M. A. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.11com07288 · Cited by 34
Mangold, D. L., Marino, E. N., & Javors, M. A. (2011) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.01.001 · Cited by 35
“Indeed, it is proposed that subclinical depressive symptomatology is a less severe condition that may be a precursor to the onset of a formal diagnosis of major depression (Cuijpers & Smit, 2004; Shankman et al., 2009).”
BackgroundGromball, J., Beschorner, F., Wantzen, C., et al. (2014) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2014.04.004 · Cited by 34
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Metadata
- Authors
- Shankman, S. A., Lewinsohn, P. M., Klein, D. N., Small, J. W., Seeley, J. R., & Altman, S. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- Oregon Research Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Shankman, Stewart A.
- Venue
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-11-05
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1485-1494
- ISSN
- 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7610
- PMC
- PMC2804772
- OpenAlex
- W1974681461
- Cited by
- 300
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 16.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH 50522, R01MH066023, R01MH050522)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- alcohol consumption, substance use, conduct disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, antisocial personality disorder, comorbidities, dimensional models of psychopathology, young adults, predictive validity, preventive interventions
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Mental Disorders, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Severity of Illness Index, Syndrome, Comorbidity, Conduct Disorder, Substance-Related Disorders, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Young Adult
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