The DOI matches its Crossref record; 58 of the 59 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Positive affect is associated with cardiovascular reactivity, norepinephrine level, and morning rise in salivary cortisol
Open accessAbstract
Positive affect was examined as a predictor of (1) cardiovascular reactivity during a sadness and an anger recall task and recovery following the protocol, (2) epinephrine (EPI) and norepinephrine (NOREPI) reactivity and level during the recall protocol, and (3) the diurnal pattern of salivary cortisol. Sample was 328 individuals. Negative affect, age, race, sex, smoking status, income, and BMI were adjusted. During sadness recall, positive affect was inversely related to systolic blood pressure (p=.007) and diastolic blood pressure (p=.049) reactivity, and unrelated to heart rate (p=.226). Positive affect was unrelated to reactivity during anger recall (p s>.19), and was unrelated to recovery at the end of the recall protocol. Positive affect was inversely related to the mean level of NOREPI (p=.046), and unrelated to EPI (p=.149). Positive affect was inversely related to the increase in cortisol 30 min post awakening (p=.042), and unrelated to the evening decline in cortisol levels (p=.174). Positive emotions may be relevant to good health.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Positive psychological factors, including the capacity to regulate emotions effectively, are associated with and plausibly mechanistically responsible for healthier basal levels of autonomic parameters such as heart rate and heart rate variability, greater vagal tone, and healthier biological stress responses. 126-131”
From Psychological Health, Well-Being, and the Mind-Heart-Body Connection: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2021) · cites this paper as [129]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Lazarus, R. S. (1991) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195069945.001.0001 · Cited by 12,691
The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success?
Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.803 · Cited by 7,143
Subjective well-being. The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index
Diener, E. (2000) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.55.1.34 · Cited by 7,121
What good are positive emotions?
Fredrickson, B. L. (1998) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.300 · Cited by 6,066
Positive Psychology Progress: Empirical Validation of Interventions.
Seligman, M. E. P., Steen, T. A., Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2005) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.60.5.410 · Cited by 5,947
A critical review of visual analogue scales in the measurement of clinical phenomena
Wewers, M. E., & Lowe, N. K. (1990) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.4770130405 · Cited by 2,580 · cited 10×
“Regarding the positive emotion factor—the primary focus of the paper—there were no additional items from the VAS, apart from “happy”, that were conceptually appropriate.”
InfluentialPositive affect and the other side of coping.
Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2000) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.55.6.647 · Cited by 2,471
Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI)
Costa, P. T., & McCrea, R. B. (1992) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,758
The effect of age on positive and negative affect: A developmental perspective on happiness.
Mroczek, D. K., & Kolarz, C. M. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.75.5.1333 · Cited by 1,623
Positive emotions speed recovery from the cardiovascular sequelae of negative emotions
L. Fredrickson, B., & Levenson, R. W. (1998) · Cognition and Emotion · doi:10.1080/026999398379718 · Cited by 1,592
Hemingway, H., & Marmot, M. G. (1999) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.318.7196.1460 · Cited by 1,342
The Undoing Effect of Positive Emotions
Fredrickson, B. L., Mancuso, R. A., Branigan, C., & Tugade, M. M. (2000) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1023/a:1010796329158 · Cited by 1,290
Baum, A., Revenson, T., & Singer, J. (2001) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410600073 · Cited by 1,256
Do stress reactions cause abdominal obesity and comorbidities?
Björntorp, P. A. (2001) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1046/j.1467-789x.2001.00027.x · Cited by 1,160
McEwen, B. S., Biron, C. A., Brunson, K. W., Bulloch, K., Chambers, W. H., Dhabhar, F. S., Goldfarb, R. H., Kitson, R. P., Miller, A. H., Spencer, R. L., et al. (1997) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(96)00012-4 · Cited by 837
Positive affect and health-related neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, and inflammatory processes
Steptoe, A., Wardle, J., & Marmot, M. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0409174102 · Cited by 763
Hostility and health: Current status of a psychosomatic hypothesis.
Smith, T. W. (1992) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.11.3.139 · Cited by 729
Cardiovascular Reactivity and Development of Preclinical and Clinical Disease States
Treiber, F. A., Kamarck, T., Schneiderman, N., Sheffield, D., Kapuku, G., & Taylor, T. (2003) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-200301000-00007 · Cited by 683
An analysis of mood in neurotics.
McNair, D. M., & Lorr, M. (1964) · Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0040902 · Cited by 555
Pruessner, M., Hellhammer, D. H., Pruessner, J. C., & LUPIEN, S. J. (2003) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000040950.22044.10 · Cited by 434
Physiological stress reactivity and recovery: Conceptual siblings separated at birth?
Linden, W., Earle, T. L., Gerin, W., & Christenfeld, N. J. S. (1997) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(96)00240-1 · Cited by 418
Positive Emotion and Health: Going Beyond the Negative.
Richman, L. S., Kubzansky, L. D., Maselko, J., Kawachi, I. I., Choo, P. W., & Bauer, M. (2005) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.24.4.422 · Cited by 392
Optimism and Rehospitalization After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Scheier, M. F., Matthews, K. A., Owens, J. F., Schulz, R., Bridges, M. W., Magovern, G. J., & Carver, C. S. (1999) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.159.8.829 · Cited by 383
Cortisol Effects on Body Mass, Blood Pressure, and Cholesterol in the General Population
Fraser, R., Ingram, M. C., Anderson, N., Morrison, C. E., Davies, E., & Connell, J. (1999) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.33.6.1364 · Cited by 373
Psychological Stress and Neuroendocrine Function in Humans: The Last Two Decades of Research
Biondi, M., & Picardi, A. (1999) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000012323 · Cited by 353
Emotional well-being predicts subsequent functional independence and survival.
Ostir, G. V., Markides, K. S., Black, S. A., & Goodwin, J. S. (2000) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2000.tb04991.x · Cited by 336
Emotions: A cognitive-phenomenological analysis.
LAZARUS, R. S., KANNER, A. D., & FOLKMAN, S. (1980) · Theories of Emotion · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-558701-3.50014-4 · Cited by 311
Plutchik, R. (2004) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10366-003 · Cited by 307
Positive affect and biological function in everyday life
Steptoe, A., & Wardle, J. (2005) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.08.016 · Cited by 229
The psychology of happiness, 2nd ed.
Argyle, M. (2001) · Cited by 225
Handbook of health psychology and aging
Aldwin, C. M., Park, C. L., & Spiro, A. (2007) · Cited by 218
Steptoe, A., Gibson, E. L., Hamer, M., & Wardle, J. (2006) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2006.10.001 · Cited by 210
Does altered glucocorticoid homeostasis increase cardiovascular risk?
GIROD, J., & BROTMAN, D. (2004) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1016/j.cardiores.2004.07.006 · Cited by 193
Is low cortisol release an indicator of positive health?
Lindfors, P., & Lundberg, U. (2002) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.942 · Cited by 153
Ong, A. D., & Allaire, J. C. (2005) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.20.3.476 · Cited by 151
Where Do Shared Pathways Lead? Some Reflections on a Research Agenda
Kaplan, G. A. (1995) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199505000-00002 · Cited by 126
What Symptoms of Depression Predict Mortality in Community‐Dwelling Elders?
Blazer, D. G., & Hybels, C. F. (2004) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52564.x · Cited by 121
Discrimination, dispositions, and cardiovascular responses to stress.
Richman, L. S., Bennett, G. G., Pek, J. C. X., Suarez, E. C., Siegler, I. C., & Williams, R. B. (2007) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.26.6.675 · Cited by 115
Self-citationGerin, W., & Pickering, T. G. (1995) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-199506000-00005 · Cited by 113
The Physiology of Mind–Body Interactions: The Stress Response and the Relaxation Response
Jacobs, G. D. (2001) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/107555301753393841 · Cited by 112
Neumann, S. A., & Waldstein, S. R. (2001) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(01)00198-2 · Cited by 110
Cardiovascular stress responsivity, body mass and abdominal adiposity
Steptoe, A., & Wardle, J. (2005) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803011 · Cited by 106
Flory, J. D., Manuck, S. B., Matthews, K. A., & Muldoon, M. F. (2004) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2004.06.010 · Cited by 82
Heck, G. L. V. (1997) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0984(199712)11:5 · Cited by 79
Williams, R. B., Marchuk, D. A., Siegler, I. C., Barefoot, J. C., Helms, M. J., Brummett, B. H., Surwit, R. S., Lane, J. D., Kuhn, C. M., Gadde, K. M., et al. (2007) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e31815f66c3 · Cited by 76
Self-citationSocioeconomic Status and Blood Pressure Reactivity in Healthy Black Adolescents
Wilson, D. K., Kliewer, W. L., Plybon, L. E., & Sica, D. A. (2000) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.35.1.496 · Cited by 72
Positive emotions: exploring the other hemisphere in behavioral medicine
Chesney, M. A., Darbes, L. A., Hoerster, K., Taylor, J. M., Chambers, D. B., & Anderson, D. E. (2005) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15327558ijbm1202_2 · Cited by 65
Gold, S. M., Zakowski, S. G., Valdimarsdottir, H. B., & Bovbjerg, D. H. (2004) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2003.12.001 · Cited by 64
Ratings of positive and depressive emotion as predictors of mortality in coronary patients
Brummett, B. H., Boyle, S. H., Siegler, I. C., Williams, R. B., Mark, D. B., & Barefoot, J. C. (2005) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2004.06.016 · Cited by 60
Self-citationAlterations in morning cortisol associated with PTSD in women with breast cancer
Luecken, L. J., Dausch, B. M., Gulla, V., Hong, R., & Compas, B. E. (2004) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(03)00561-0 · Cited by 57
Cardiovascular reactivity and positive/negative affect during conversations
Warner, R. M., & Strowman, S. R. (1995) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf01857866 · Cited by 26
Initial validation of the Voris cocaine craving scale: A preliminary report
Smelson, D. A., McGee-Caulfield, E., Bergstein, P., & Engelhart, C. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4679(199901)55:1 · Cited by 25
Snyder, D. L., Gayheart-Walsten, P. A., Rhie, S., Wang, W., & Roberts, J. (1998) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/53a.1.b33 · Cited by 25
Blood Pressure Reactivity to Psychological Stress
Williams, R. B. (2006) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000200688.37802.01 · Cited by 12
Self-citationHypertension in black Americans as a special population: Why so special?
Stewart, D., Johnson, W. R., & Saunders, E. (2006) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-006-0097-8 · Cited by 10
Covelli, M. M. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 9
American Psychosomatic Society
Lovallo, W. R. (2010) · The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology · doi:10.1002/9780470479216.corpsy0049 · Cited by 6
Schulz (1998) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1700(199804)14:2
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Argyle M., 2001, The psychology of happiness
- Frijda N. H., 1986, The emotions
- Smith T. W., 1992, Hostility and health, Health Psychology, 11, 139, 10.1037/0278-6133.11.3.139 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Happy People Live Longer: Subjective Well‐Being Contributes to Health and Longevity
Diener, E., & Chan, M. Y. (2011) · Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/j.1758-0854.2010.01045.x · Cited by 2,260
Handbook of Religion and Health
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.001.0001 · Cited by 1,160
Levine, G. N., Cohen, B. E., Commodore-Mensah, Y., Fleury, J., Huffman, J. C., Khalid, U., Labarthe, D. R., Lavretsky, H., Michos, E. D., Spatz, E. S., et al. (2021) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000947 · Cited by 865
Happy People Live Longer: Subjective Well-Being Contributes to Health and Longevity
Diener, E., & Chan, M. Y. (2010) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e675972011-001 · Cited by 727
If, Why, and When Subjective Well‐Being Influences Health, and Future Needed Research
Diener, E., Pressman, S. D., Hunter, J. F., & Delgadillo‐Chase, D. (2017) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12090 · Cited by 816
Metadata
- Authors
- Brummett, B. H., Boyle, S. H., Kuhn, C. M., Siegler, I. C., & Williams, R. B.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Brummett, B. H.
- Venue
- Psychophysiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-06-09
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 862-869
- ISSN
- 0048-5772 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8986
- PMC
- PMC2733859
- OpenAlex
- W2068048657
- Cited by
- 134
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 2.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Psychophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P01HL036587, HL036587)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR30L)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Keywords
- positive affect, cardiovascular reactivity, norepinephrine, epinephrine, salivary cortisol, diurnal cortisol rhythm, blood pressure, heart rate, emotional reactivity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Circadian Rhythm, Female, Hemodynamics, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Norepinephrine, Saliva, Socioeconomic Factors, Body Mass Index
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
