The DOI matches its Crossref record; 56 of the 56 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
P50, N100, and P200 sensory gating: Relationships with behavioral inhibition, attention, and working memory
Open accessAbstract
P50, N100, and P200 auditory sensory gating could reflect mechanisms involved in protecting higher‐order cognitive functions, suggesting relationships between sensory gating and cognition. This hypothesis was tested in 56 healthy adults who were administered the paired‐click paradigm and two adaptations of the continuous performance test (Immediate/Delayed Memory Task, IMT/DMT). Stronger P50 gating correlated with fewer commission errors and prolonged reaction times on the DMT. Stronger N100 and P200 gating correlated with better discriminability on the DMT. Finally, prolonged P200 latency related to better discriminability on the IMT. These findings suggest that P50, N100, and P200 gating could be involved in protecting cognition by affecting response bias, behavioral inhibition, working memory, or attention.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“For example, studies in healthy participants have reported that P50 gating can relate to response inhibition or Stroop interference, but these associations differ across cognitive tasks and may depend on perceptual load, response strategy, and task modality rather than on a single general inhibitory mechanism [97,172].”
From Electrophysiological Correlates of Cognitive Dysfunction in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): A Systematic and Mechanistic Review of EEG, ERP, and QEEG Evidence (2026) · cites this paper as [97]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Work on PPI and P50/N100/P200 gating suggests that early sensory and sensorimotor gating can protect higher-order cognition by reducing interference from irrelevant or redundant stimulation, thereby supporting attention, response bias, and working-memory operations [97,140,141,142].”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This distinction is important because P50 suppression is usually interpreted as a pre-attentive inhibitory mechanism that reduces the neural impact of repetitive or irrelevant input before it reaches later attentional and executive systems [97,163,164,165].”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This interpretation is consistent with broader work showing that relationships between P50 gating and cognition are inconsistent and task-dependent.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1983) · Cited by 79,882
Näätänen, R., & Picton, T. (1987) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1987.tb00311.x · Cited by 3,321
Report of the committee on methods of clinical examination in electroencephalography
(1958) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(58)90053-1 · Cited by 2,717
Risto, N. (2018) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780429487354 · Cited by 2,035
A Solution for Reliable and Valid Reduction of Ocular Artifacts, Applied to the P300 ERP
Semlitsch, H. V., Anderer, P., Schuster, P., & Presslich, O. (1986) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1986.tb00696.x · Cited by 2,024
Wijers, B. (1995) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/0001-6918(95)90043-8 · Cited by 1,319
Adler, L. E., Pachtman, E., Franks, R. D., Pecevich, M., Waldo, M. C., & Freedman, R. (1982) · PubMed · Cited by 896
Meta-analysis of the P300 and P50 waveforms in schizophrenia
BRAMON, E. (2004) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2004.01.004 · Cited by 569
INPUT DYSFUNCTION IN SCHIZOPHRENIA.
Venables, P. H. (1964) · PubMed · Cited by 473
Freedman, R., Adler, L. E., Waldo, M. C., Pachtman, E., & Rd, F. (1983) · PubMed · Cited by 472
Neurobiological studies of sensory gating in schizophrenia
Freedman, R., Adler, L. E., Gerhardt, G. A., Waldo, M., Baker, N., Rose, G. M., Drebing, C., Nagamoto, H., Bickford-Wimer, P., & Franks, R. (1987) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/13.4.669 · Cited by 430
P50 sensory gating ratios in schizophrenics and controls: A review and data analysis
Patterson, J. V., Hetrick, W. P., Boutros, N. N., Jin, Y., Sandman, C. A., Stern, H. S., Potkin, S. G., & Bunney, W. E. (2008) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2007.02.009 · Cited by 352
Self-citationBoutros, N. N., Korzyukov, O. A., Jansen, B., Feingold, A., & Bell, M. D. (2004) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2004.01.007 · Cited by 264
Self-citationShort-term habituation of the auditory evoked response in man
Fruhstorfer, H., Soveri, P., & Järvilehto, T. (1970) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(70)90183-5 · Cited by 259
Elementary neuronal dysfunctions in schizophrenia
Freedman, R., Waldo, M. C., Bickford, P. C., & Nagamoto, H. T. (1991) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/0920-9964(91)90035-p · Cited by 251
Laboratory measures of aggression and impulsivity in women with borderline personality disorder
Dougherty, D. M., Bjork, J. M., Huckabee, H. C. G., Moeller, F. G., & Swann, A. C. (1999) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(99)00011-6 · Cited by 215
Self-citationNeurophysiological and neuropsychological evidence for attentional dysfunction in schizophrenia
Cullum, C. M., Harris, J. G., Waldo, M. C., Smernoff, E., Madison, A., Nagamoto, H. T., Griffith, J., Adler, L. E., & Freedman, R. (1993) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/0920-9964(93)90048-n · Cited by 212
Meta-analytic review of event-related potential studies in post-traumatic stress disorder
Karl, A., Malta, L. S., & Maercker, A. R. A. (2005) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2005.03.004 · Cited by 209
Neurophysiological studies of sensory gating in mania: comparison with schizophrenia.
Rd, F., Adler, L. E., Waldo, M. C., Alpert, J. E., & Freedman, R. (1983) · PubMed · Cited by 207
Cadenhead, K. S., Light, G. A., Geyer, M. A., & Braff, D. L. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.157.1.55 · Cited by 198
Reliability of P50 auditory event‐related potential indices of sensory gating
Smith, D. A., BOUTORS, N. N., & SCHWARZOPF, S. B. (1994) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1994.tb01053.x · Cited by 192
P50 suppression is not affected by attentional manipulations
Jerger, K. K., Biggins, C. A., & Fein, G. (1992) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(92)90230-w · Cited by 188
Gating of auditory response in schizophrenics and normal controls
Nagamoto, H. T., Adler, L. E., Waldo, M. C., Griffith, J. M., & Freedman, R. (1991) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/0920-9964(91)90007-e · Cited by 165
Wilde, O. B.-D., Bour, L. J., Dingemans, P. M. A. J., Koelman, J. H. T. M., & LINSZEN, D. H. (2007) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2007.04.028 · Cited by 163
Erwin, R. J., Turetsky, B. I., Moberg, P. J., Gur, R. C., & Gur, R. E. (1998) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(98)00075-9 · Cited by 152
Test–retest reliability of P50, N100 and P200 auditory sensory gating in healthy subjects
Rentzsch, J. (2007) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2007.10.006 · Cited by 151
D, A. O. M., & Martín, L. (2004) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.1.43 · Cited by 147
Kisley, M. A., Noecker, T. L., & Guinther, P. M. (2004) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2004.00191.x · Cited by 143
Dougherty, D. M., Marsh, D. M., Moeller, F. G., Chokshi, R. V., & Rosen, V. C. (2000) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2000.tb01972.x · Cited by 130
Range of sensory gating values and test–retest reliability in normal subjects
Fuerst, D. R., Gallinat, J., & Boutros, N. N. (2007) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2007.00524.x · Cited by 127
Self-citationCleary, R., Mason, R. D., Lind, D. A., & Marchal, W. G. (2000) · The American Statistician · doi:10.2307/2685790 · Cited by 125
Phase synchronization of the ongoing EEG and auditory EP generation
Jansen, B. H., Agarwal, G., Hegde, A., & Boutros, N. N. (2002) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(02)00327-9 · Cited by 123
Self-citationEffects of attentional and stressor manipulations on the P50 gating response
White, P. M., & Yee, C. M. (1997) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1997.tb02145.x · Cited by 121
Brockhaus‐Dumke, A., Mueller, R., Faigle, U., & Klosterkoetter, J. (2007) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2007.10.034 · Cited by 117
Prepulse inhibition and P50 suppression: Commonalities and dissociations
Oranje, B., Geyer, M. A., Böcker, K. B. E., Kenemans, J. L., & Verbaten, M. N. (2006) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2005.11.002 · Cited by 107
P50 sensory gating and attentional performance
Wan, L. (2007) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2007.10.008 · Cited by 102
Schulze, K. K., Hall, M., McDonald, C., Marshall, N., Walshe, M., Murray, R. M., & Bramon, E. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.08.006 · Cited by 99
P50 gating deficit in Alzheimer dementia correlates to frontal neuropsychological function
Thomas, C., vom Berg, I., Rupp, A., Seidl, U., Schröder, J., Roesch-Ely, D., Kreisel, S. H., Mundt, C., & Weisbrod, M. (2010) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.05.002 · Cited by 88 · cited 2×
“…functions (Freedman et al., 1991; Jerger et al., 1992; Wan et al., 2008), suggesting that impaired P50 gating in subjects with Alzheimer dementia (Thomas et al., 2009), antisocial personality disorder (Lijffijt, Moeller, Boutros, Burroughs, et al., 2009), panic disorder (Ghisolfi et al., 2006),…”
Stimulus parameter effects on the P50 evoked response
Zouridakis, G., & Boutros, N. N. (1992) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(92)90088-h · Cited by 88
Self-citationDiminished P50, N100 and P200 auditory sensory gating in bipolar I disorder
Lijffijt, M., Moeller, F. G., Boutros, N. N., Steinberg, J. L., Meier, S. L., Lane, S. D., & Swann, A. C. (2009) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2008.04.001 · Cited by 82
Self-citationDistinct M50 and M100 auditory gating deficits in schizophrenia
Hanlon, F. M., Miller, G. A., Thoma, R. J., Irwin, J., Jones, A. P., Moses, S. N., Huang, M., Weisend, M. P., Paulson, K. M., Edgar, J. C., et al. (2005) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2005.00299.x · Cited by 74
Fein, G., Biggins, C. A., & MacKay, S. (1996) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00299-5 · Cited by 70
Functional MRI study of working memory in MDMA users
Moeller, F. G., Steinberg, J. L., Dougherty, D. M., Narayana, P. A., Kramer, L. A., & Renshaw, P. F. (2004) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-004-1908-5 · Cited by 65
Self-citationJansen, B. H., Hegde, A., & Boutros, N. N. (2003) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2003.10.016 · Cited by 59
Self-citationBoutros, N. N. (2004) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2003.12.009 · Cited by 59
Self-citationP50 sensory gating in panic disorder
Ghisolfi, E. S., Heldt, E., Zanardo, A. P., Júnior, I. M. S., Prokopiuk, A. D. S., Becker, J., Cordioli, A. V., Manfro, G. G., & Lara, D. R. (2006) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.02.006 · Cited by 56
Memory impairment and auditory evoked potential gating deficit in schizophrenia
Hsieh, M. H., Liu, K., Liu, S.-K., Chiu, M., Hwu, H., & Chen, A. C. N. (2004) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2002.12.001 · Cited by 55
P50 sensitivity to physical and psychological state influences
White, P. M., & Yee, C. M. (2006) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2006.00408.x · Cited by 46
Boutros, N. N., Gooding, D. C., Sundaresan, K., Burroughs, S. A., & Johanson, C. (2006) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2006.02.005 · Cited by 38
Self-citationLu, B. Y., Edgar, J. C., Jones, A. P., Smith, A. K., Huang, M., Miller, G. A., & Cañive, J. M. (2006) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2006.00478.x · Cited by 37
Wan, L., Crawford, H. J., & Boutros, N. N. (2007) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2006.01.020 · Cited by 36
Self-citationSensory ERPs predict differences in working memory span and fluid intelligence
Brumback, C. R., Low, K. A., Gratton, G., & Fabiani, M. (2004) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200402090-00032 · Cited by 35
Correlation between P50 suppression and psychometric schizotypy among non-clinical Japanese subjects
Wang, J., Miyazato, H., Hokama, H., HIRAMATSU, K., & Kondo, T. (2004) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2003.06.001 · Cited by 33
Thoma, R. J., HANLON, F. M., Miller, G. A., Huang, M., Weisend, M. P., SANCHEZ, F. P., Waldorf, V. A., Jones, A. P., Smith, A. K., FORMOSO, M. J., et al. (2006) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617706060097 · Cited by 27
Impulsivity and BOLD fMRI activation in MDMA users and healthy control subjects
Valdes, I., Steinberg, J. L., Narayana, P. A., Kramer, L. A., Dougherty, D. M., Swann, A. C., Barratt, E. S., & Moeller, F. G. (2006) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2006.01.014 · Cited by 24
Self-citationA Pilot Study Revealing Impaired P50 Gating in Antisocial Personality Disorder
Lijffijt, M., Moeller, F., Boutros, N. N., Burroughs, S. A., Steinberg, J. L., Lane, S. D., & Swann, A. C. (2009) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.2009.21.3.328 · Cited by 23
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- First M. B., 1996, Structured clinical interview for DSM‐IV axis I disorders—patient edition
- Franks R., 1983, Neurophysiological studies of sensory gating in mania, Biological Psychiatry, 18, 989
- Freedman R., 1983, Neurophysiological evidence for a defect in inhibitory pathways in schizophrenia, Biological Psychiatry, 18, 537
- 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.21.3.328 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The emerging roles of TCF4 in disease and development
Forrest, M. P., Hill, M., Quantock, A. J., Martin‐Rendon, E., & Blake, D. J. (2014) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2014.01.010 · Cited by 178
Creativity comes in waves: an EEG-focused exploration of the creative brain
Stevens, C. E., & Zabelina, D. L. (2019) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2019.02.003 · Cited by 149
Attention modulates the gating of primary somatosensory oscillations
Wiesman, A. I., & Wilson, T. W. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116610 · Cited by 133
Specific Cognitive Training Normalizes Auditory Sensory Gating in Schizophrenia: A Randomized Trial
Popov, T. G., Jordanov, T., Rockstroh, B. S., Elbert, T. R., Merzenich, M. M., & Miller, G. A. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.09.028 · Cited by 122
Zabelina, D. L., O’Leary, D., Pornpattananangkul, N., Nusslock, R., & Beeman, M. (2015) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.01.034 · Cited by 111
Metadata
- Authors
- Lijffijt, M., Lane, S. D., Meier, S. L., Boutros, N. N., Burroughs, S., Steinberg, J. L., Gerard Moeller, F., & Swann, A. C.
- Affiliations
- Wayne State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lijffijt, Marijn
- Venue
- Psychophysiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-09
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1059-1068
- ISSN
- 0048-5772 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8986
- PMC
- PMC2821570
- OpenAlex
- W2054450240
- Cited by
- 341
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 5.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01da008425-08)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH69944, R01MH058784, R01-MH58784, R01MH069944)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (K02DA000403, R01 DA-08425, K02DA00403, R01-DA-008425)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR024148)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics
- Keywords
- auditory gating, P50, N1 component, P200, behavioral inhibition, attention, working memory, paired-click paradigm, continuous performance test, commission errors, response bias, reaction time, discriminability
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention, Behavior, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Female, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Psychomotor Performance, Sensory Gating
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
