Histochemical Study of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in the Rat CNS
Abstract
A quantitative histochemical method was developed to determine aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.3; ALDH) activity in the CNS. The distribution of ALDH activity in all rat brain and spinal cord regions is described. Among the CNS neuron structures, high enzyme activity was found in receptor and effector neurons, whereas low activity was noted in perikarya of the majority of intermediate neurons, including all aminergic neurons. A positive correlation was demonstrated between the distribution of ALDH activity among rat CNS microregions (our own data) and the density of dopaminergic terminals, dopamine content, and monoamine oxidase activity (literature data) among the same microregions. They may reflect a spatial linkage between ALDH and the predicted sites of natural aldehyde production. Lower enzyme activity was found in phylogenetically younger brain structures. It may explain the differential resistance of CNS structures to ethanol (acetaldehyde). Among the barrier CNS structures, moderate ALDH activity was found in capillaries and surrounding astrocytes and high activity was noted in ependimocytes covering the brain cavities and those of the vascular plexus. This provides realization of the function of ALDH as a brain metabolic barrier for aldehydes.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Mitochondrial ALDH2 is the final enzyme for converting acetaldehyde to acetate, although acetaldehyde is locally produced in the brain due to its very limited ability to cross the blood-brain barrier.
“Finally, mitochondrial ALDH2 is the final enzyme for converting acetaldehyde to acetate148, although acetaldehyde is locally produced in the brain due to its very limited ability to cross the BBB162.”
From Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and other adducts in aging-related diseases and alcohol-mediated tissue injury (2021) · cites this paper as [162]
Cites
The rat brain: A stereotaxic atlas of the forebrain and lower parts of the brain stem
König, J. F. R., & Klippel, R. (1986) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,134 · see citing works
Stereotaxic mapping of the monoamine pathways in the rat brain
Ungerstedt, U. (1971) · Acta Physiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1365-201x.1971.tb10998.x · Cited by 3,819 · see citing works
A stereotaxic atlas of the rat brain
Brodal, P. (1980) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(80)90013-5 · Cited by 2,799 · see citing works
Paxinos, G., & WATSON, C. R. R. (1982) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-547620-1.50007-2 · Cited by 824 · see citing works
Esterbauer, H., Jürgens, G., Quehenberger, O., & Koller, E. (1987) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)38678-8 · Cited by 766 · see citing works
Sokoloff, L. (1981) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.1981.4 · Cited by 560 · see citing works
Regional concentrations of noradrenaline and dopamine in rat brain
Versteeg, D. H. G., van der Gugten, J., de Jong, W., & Palkovits, M. (1976) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(76)90057-3 · Cited by 524 · see citing works
The Distribution of Adrenergic Nerve Fibres to the Blood Vessels in Skeletal Muscle
Fuxé, K., & Sedvall, G. (1965) · Acta Physiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1965.tb04155.x · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Erwin, V. G., & Deitrich, R. A. (1966) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)99864-9 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Crow, K. E., & Batt, R. D. (1989) · CRC Press eBooks · Cited by 190 · see citing works
The acetaldehyde content in rat brain during ethanol metabolism
Sippel, H. W. (1974) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1974.tb04380.x · Cited by 134 · see citing works
In vivo acetaldehyde in the brain of the rat treated with ethanol
Westcott, J. Y., Weiner, H., Shultz, J. W., et al. (1980) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0006-2952(80)90521-3 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Endogenous ethanol—Its metabolic, behavioral and biomedical significance
Ostrovsky, Y. M. (1986) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/0741-8329(86)90032-7 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Aldehyde Dehydrogenases in Rat Brain. Subcellular Distribution and Properties
Pettersson, H., & Tottmar, O. (1982) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1982.tb08653.x · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Saavedra, J. M., Brownstein, M., & Palkovits, M. (1976) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(76)90851-9 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Indoleacetaldehydes: Serotonin-like Effects on the Central Nervous System
SABELLI, H. C., Giardina, W. J., Alivisatos, S. G. A., et al. (1969) · Nature · doi:10.1038/223073a0 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Essays in Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology
Davison, A. N. (1978) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(78)81040-0 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Acetaldehyde may mediate reinforcement and aversion produced by ethanol
Aragón, C. M. G., Abitbol, M., & Amit, Z. (1986) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/0028-3908(86)90062-6 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Amir, S. (1978) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00426964 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Altman, F. P. (1976) · The Histochemical Journal · doi:10.1007/bf01003839 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Distribution and Properties of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in Regions of Rat Brain
Weiner, H., & Ardelt, B. K. (1984) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1984.tb09705.x · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Holmes, R. S., & VandeBerg, J. L. (1986) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/0741-8329(86)90046-7 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Aldehyde dehydrogenase and aldehyde reductase in isolated bovine brain microvessels
Petersen, D. R. (1985) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/0741-8329(85)90020-5 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Human brain aldehyde dehydrogenase: Activity with DOPAL and isozyme distribution
Hafer, G., Agarwal, D. P., & GOEDDE, H. W. (1987) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/0741-8329(87)90077-2 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
ETHANOL AND ACETALDEHYDE METABOLISM DURING ETHANOL CONSUMPTION
Tabakoff, B., Anderson, R. A., & Ritzmann, R. F. (1977) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-691403-0.50058-6 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Kunimoto, N., Hazama, H., & Kamase, H. (1979) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(79)90882-5 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Human brain: Aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and isozyme distribution in different areas
Pietruszko, R., Meier, J., Major, L. F., et al. (1984) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/0741-8329(84)90004-1 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Does consumption of alcohol in the presence of disulfiram cause brain damage?
Phillips, S., & Cragg, B. G. (1983) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0041-008x(83)90126-6 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Rungratanawanich, W., Qu, Y., Wang, X., Essa, M. M., & Song, B.-J. (2021) · Experimental & Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/s12276-021-00561-7 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
High levels of a retinoic acid-generating dehydrogenase in the meso-telencephalic dopamine system.
McCaffery, P., & Dräger, U. C. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.16.7772 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Enzymatic Mechanisms of Ethanol Oxidation in the Brain
Zimatkin, S. M., Pronko, S. P., Vasiliou, V., Gonzalez, F. J., & Deitrich, R. A. (2006) · Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00181.x · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Self-citationDISTRIBUTION OF CATALASE IN RAT BRAIN: AMINERGIC NEURONS AS POSSIBLE TARGETS FOR ETHANOL EFFECTS
ZIMATKIN, S. M., & LINDROS, K. O. (1996) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.alcalc.a008128 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citationCao, J., Belluzzi, J. D., Loughlin, S. E., Keyler, D. E., Pentel, P. R., & Leslie, F. M. (2007) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301327 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
EVIDENCE OF ACETALDEHYDE-PROTEIN ADDUCT FORMATION IN RAT BRAIN AFTER LIFELONG CONSUMPTION OF ETHANOL
Rintala, J. (2000) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/35.5.458 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Deehan, G. A., Hauser, S. R., Wilden, J. A., Truitt, W. A., & Rodd, Z. A. (2013) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00104 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
- Authors
- Zimatkin, S. M.
- Corresponding author
- Zimatkin, Sergey M.
- ORCID
- Zimatkin, Sergey M.
- Venue
- Journal of Neurochemistry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1991-01
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-11
- ISSN
- 0022-3042 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-4159
- OpenAlex
- W1970845055
- Cited by
- 84
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neurochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Keywords
- aldehyde dehydrogenase, enzyme activity distribution, central nervous system, brain regions, spinal cord, receptor neurons, aminergic neurons, dopaminergic terminals, dopamine, monoamine oxidase, aldehyde metabolism, ethanol tolerance, blood-brain barrier, capillaries, astrocytes, ependymal cells, brain evolution
- MeSH terms
- Acetaldehyde, Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Animals, Benzaldehydes, Blood-Brain Barrier, Brain, Capillaries, Cyanamide, Disulfiram, Histocytochemistry, Male, Neurons, Spinal Cord, Tissue Distribution, Biogenic Monoamines, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
