Cited by 266Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and TreatmentsNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorNuclear Receptors and Signaling

High levels of a retinoic acid-generating dehydrogenase in the meso-telencephalic dopamine system.

Open access
McCaffery, P, Dräger, U C·1994·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Abstract

Retinoic acid is synthesized from retinaldehyde by several different dehydrogenases, which are arranged in conserved spatial and developmentally regulated patterns. Here we show for the mouse that a class-1 aldehyde dehydrogenase, characterized by oxidation and disulfiram sensitivity, is found in the brain at high levels only in the basal forebrain. It is present in axons and terminals of a subpopulation of dopaminergic neurons of the mesostriatal and mesolimbic system, forming a retinoic acid-generating projection from the ventral tegmentum to the corpus striatum and the shell of the nucleus accumbens. In the striatum the projection is heaviest to dorsal and rostral regions, declining gradually toward ventral. The enzyme is expressed early in development, shortly after appearance of tyrosine hydroxylase. Other dopaminergic neurons in the brain, as well as the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, do not contain this dehydrogenase. The presence of this enzyme may be a factor in the long-term success of transplants of dopaminergic cells to the corpus striatum in Parkinson disease, and it may play a role in parkinsonism and catatonia due to disulfiram (Antabuse) neurotoxicity.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1073/pnas.91.16.7772

Cites

28 of 28 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
McCaffery, P., & Dräger, U. C.
Affiliations
  • Division of Developmental Neuroscience, E. K. Shriver Center, Waltham, MA 02254.
  • Harvard University (US)
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Published
1994-08-02
Volume
91
Issue
16
Pages
7772-7776
ISSN
  • 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
  • 1091-6490
OpenAlex
W2071230039
Cited by
266
References
28
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
FWCI
4.28
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Eye Institute (R01EY001938)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
Keywords
retinoic acid synthesis, aldehyde dehydrogenase, dopaminergic neurons, mesolimbic dopamine system, ventral tegmental area, striatum, nucleus accumbens shell, basal forebrain, tyrosine hydroxylase, dopaminergic cell transplantation, Parkinson's disease, catatonia, parkinsonism, brain development
MeSH terms
Alcohol Dehydrogenase, Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Animals, Basal Ganglia, Corpus Striatum, Disulfiram, Dopamine, Hippocampus, Immunohistochemistry, Nucleus Accumbens, Olfactory Bulb, Telencephalon, Tissue Distribution, Tretinoin, Mice

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review