Mortality and survival of African Penguins Spheniscus demersus involved in the Apollo Sea oil spill: an evaluation of rehabilitation efforts
Abstract
The bulk ore carrier Apollo Seasank near Dassen Island, South Africa, on 20 June 1994 during a period of winter storms. Approximately 10 000 African (Jackass) Penguins Spheniscus demersuswere oiled, collected and transported to the SANCCOB rescue centre; 5213 were released after cleaning, 4076 with flipper bands. We believe that most of the penguins oiled during this incident reached an island or the mainland alive, and that there was no mass mortality in the wild at the time of the oil spill. Birds from all parts of the breeding range were oiled, but most were from Robben and Dassen Islands. The overwhelming majority of released birds made the transition from the rescue centre to the wild successfully; 2652 had been resighted at breeding colonies within two years of their release; the cumulative number of birds was increasing steadily and an asymptote had not been reached by August 1996. There was a wide dispersal of released penguins, with recoveries and resightings over 1800 km of coastline between Algoa Bay and Walvis Bay.
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Many abandoned chicks were not yet losing their down, indicating they were at least 20 days from fledging.
“The abandoned chicks were generally underweight for their age [15] and many were not yet losing their down, indicating that they were at least 20 days from fledging [18].”
From Hand-Rearing, Release and Survival of African Penguin Chicks Abandoned Before Independence by Moulting Parents (2014) · cites this paper as [18]
Chicks hand-reared after catastrophic oil spills had survival and recruitment rates analogous to naturally-reared cohorts and reproduced successfully once they entered the breeding population.
“Chicks hand-reared after catastrophic oil spills had survival and recruitment rates analogous to naturally-reared cohorts [17], [18] and reproduced successfully once they entered the breeding population [17].”
From Hand-Rearing, Release and Survival of African Penguin Chicks Abandoned Before Independence by Moulting Parents (2014) · cites this paper as [18]
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Sherley, R. B., Waller, L. J., Strauss, V., Geldenhuys, D., Underhill, L. G., & Parsons, N. J. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0110794 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationPatterns of immigration to and emigration from breeding colonies by African penguins
Whittington, P., Randall, R., Crawford, R., Wolfaardt, A., Klages, N., Randall, B., Bartlett, P., Chesselet, Y., & Jones, R. (2005) · African Journal of Marine Science · doi:10.2989/18142320509504079 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationLudynia, K., Waller, L., Sherley, R., Abadi, F., Galada, Y., Geldenhuys, D., Crawford, R., Shannon, L., & Jarre, A. (2014) · African Journal of Marine Science · doi:10.2989/1814232x.2014.929027 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationModesto, P., Biolatti, C., Favaro, L., Colussi, S., Peletto, S., Piga, S., Riina, M. V., Pessani, D., Trincas, E., Isaja, V., et al. (2018) · Journal of Heredity · doi:10.1093/jhered/esy032 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Wolfaardt, A., Underhill, L., & Crawford, R. (2009) · African Journal of Marine Science · doi:10.2989/ajms.2009.31.1.2.773 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
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- Authors
- UNDERHILL, L. G., BARTLETT, P. A., BAUMANN, L., CRAWFORD, R. J. M., DYER, B. M., GILDENHUYS, A., NEL, D. C., OATLEY, T. B., THORNTON, M., UPFOLD, L., WILLIAMS, A. J., WHITTINGTON, P. A., & WOLFAARDT, A. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Bern (CH)
- CapeNature (ZA)
- University of Cape Town (ZA)
- Venue
- Ibis
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1999-01
- Volume
- 141
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 29-37
- ISSN
- 0019-1019 (ISSN-L)
- 1474-919X
- OpenAlex
- W2099287805
- Cited by
- 69
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 5.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Ibis (publishedVersion)
- Nelson Mandela University Research Repository (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Marine animal studies overview
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Avian ecology and behavior
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Oil Spill Detection and Mitigation
- Keywords
- African penguin, Spheniscus demersus, oil spills, seabird rehabilitation, mass mortality, survival after release, resighting, dispersal, Dassen Island, Robben Island, wildlife rescue
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