Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 2,161

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Investment Model Scale: Measuring commitment level, satisfaction level, quality of alternatives, and investment size

RUSBULT, CARYL E., MARTZ, JOHN M., AGNEW, CHRISTOPHER R.·1998·Personal Relationships

Abstract

Three studies evaluated the reliability and validity of the Investment Model Scale, an instrument designed to measure four constructs, including commitment level and three bases of dependence–satisfaction level, quality of alternatives, and investment size. In all three studies, reliability analyses revealed good internal consistency among items designed to measure each construct. Also, principal components analyses performed on scale items revealed evidence of four factors, with items designed to measure each construct loading on independent factors. Studies 2 and 3 examined associations of model variables with instruments measuring diverse qualities of relationships and assorted personal dispositions. As anticipated, Investment Model variables were moderately associated with other measures reflecting superior couple functioning (e.g., dyadic adjustment, trust level, inclusion of other in the self), and were essentially unrelated to measures assessing personal dispositions (e.g., need for cognition, self‐esteem). In addition, Study 3 demonstrated that earlier measures of Investment Model variables predicted later levels of dyadic adjustment and later relationship status (persisted vs. ended). It is hoped that the existence of a reliable and valid Investment Model Scale will promote further research regarding commitment and interdependence in ongoing close relationships.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1475-6811.1998.tb00177.x

Cites

9 of 9 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 9 references

Research works printed but not linked: 71

  1. 10.1086/222820 · DOI · Paper page
  2. 10.1146/annurev.ps.45.020194.000455 · DOI · Paper page
  3. Berscheid E., 1998, Handbook of social psychology, 193
  4. 10.1037/0022-3514.57.5.792 · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.5.792 · Paper page
  5. Brickman P., 1987, Commitment, conflict, and caring, 145
  6. 10.1177/01461672962212005 · DOI
  7. 10.1521/jscp.1987.5.3.271 · DOI
  8. Cohen J., 1983, Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences
  9. 10.2307/2787013 · DOI
  10. 10.2307/2683203 · DOI
  11. 10.1037/0022-3514.62.1.62 · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.62.1.62 · Paper page
  12. 10.1300/J082v12n02_01 · DOI · Paper page
  13. 10.1037/0022-3514.39.3.460 · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.39.3.460
  14. 10.1016/0030-5073(81)90016-7 · DOI · Paper page
  15. 10.2307/2786866 · DOI · Paper page
  16. 10.2307/351830 · DOI · Paper page
  17. 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1976.tb02485.x · DOI · Paper page
  18. 10.1007/978-1-4899-0429-4_12 · DOI
  19. Holmes J. G., 1989, Review of personality and social psychology, 187
  20. 10.1037/0022-006X.59.1.67 · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.59.1.67
  21. 10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.967 · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.967 · Paper page
  22. Johnson M. P., 1991, Advances in personal relationships, 117
  23. 10.2307/2092438 · DOI · Paper page
  24. Kelley H. H., 1979, Personal relationships: Their structures and processes
  25. Kelley H. H., 1983, Close relationships, 265
  26. Kelley H. H., 1983, Close relationships
  27. Kelley H. H., 1978, Interpersonal relations: A theory of interdependence
  28. 10.1037/0022-3514.61.6.910 · DOI
  29. Kurdek L. A., 1993, Predicting marital dissolution: A five‐year prospective longitudinal study of newly‐wed couples, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 221, 10.1037/0022-3514.64.2.221 · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.64.2.221 · Paper page
  30. Leik R. K., 1976, Behavioral theory in sociology, 299
  31. 10.1016/B978-0-12-443201-7.50006-3 · DOI · Paper page
  32. 10.1016/B978-0-12-143550-9.50012-4 · DOI
  33. 10.1177/0265407595121002 · DOI
  34. 10.1177/0265407585021001 · DOI · Paper page
  35. 10.1037/0021-9010.69.3.372 · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.69.3.372 · Paper page
  36. Mowday R. T., 1982, Employee‐organization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover
  37. 10.1037/0022-3514.65.4.707 · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.65.4.707 · Paper page
  38. 10.1016/B978-0-12-590241-0.50006-X · DOI · Paper page
  39. 10.1037/h0076937 · DOI · Paper page
  40. 10.1037/h0029841 · DOI · Paper page
  41. 10.1016/0022-1031(80)90007-4 · DOI · Paper page
  42. Rusbult C. E., 1980, Satisfaction and commitment in friendships, Representative Research in Social Psychology, 11, 96
  43. 10.1037/0022-3514.45.1.101 · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.45.1.101 · Paper page
  44. Rusbult C. E., 1987, Readings in social psychology: Classic and contemporary contributions, 147
  45. 10.1017/CBO9780511527814.005 · DOI
  46. 10.1177/026540759301000202 · DOI · Paper page
  47. Rusbult C. E., 1994, Communication and relational maintenance, 115
  48. 10.1037/0021-9010.68.3.429 · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.68.3.429 · Paper page
  49. 10.2307/2786859 · DOI · Paper page
  50. 10.1037/0022-3514.54.4.605 · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.4.605
  51. 10.1177/0146167295216002 · DOI · Paper page
  52. Rusbult C. E., 1998, Unpublished manuscript
  53. 10.1037/0022-3514.60.1.53 · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.60.1.53 · Paper page
  54. Rusbult C. E., Commitment in close personal relationships: Theory and research
  55. 10.2307/352336 · DOI
  56. 10.1177/0146167283094002 · DOI
  57. 10.1037/0022-3514.53.4.683 · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.53.4.683 · Paper page
  58. 10.1037/0022-3514.59.6.1192 · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.59.6.1192 · Paper page
  59. 10.2307/350547 · DOI · Paper page
  60. 10.1037/0033-2909.104.2.236 · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.104.2.236 · Paper page
  61. 10.2307/351791 · DOI · Paper page
  62. 10.1207/s15327906mbr2301_2 · DOI
  63. Teger A. I., 1980, Too much invested to quit
  64. 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400327 · DOI · Paper page
  65. 10.1177/002200277201600107 · doi:10.1177/002200277201600107
  66. Lange P. A. M., 1997, From game theory to real life: How social value orientation affects willingness to sacrifice in ongoing relationships, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 1333
  67. 10.1177/0146167295211005 · DOI
  68. 10.1037/0022-3514.72.6.1373 · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.72.6.1373 · Paper page
  69. 10.1037/0022-3514.36.1.82 · DOI
  70. 10.1037/0022-3514.39.4.660 · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.39.4.660
  71. Wieselquist J., 1998, Unpublished manuscript

Cited by

See all 2,161

Metadata

Authors
RUSBULT, C. E., MARTZ, J. M., & AGNEW, C. R.
Venue
Personal Relationships
Publisher
Wiley
Published
1998-12
Volume
5
Issue
4
Pages
357-387
ISSN
  • 1350-4126 (ISSN-L)
  • 1475-6811
OpenAlex
W1984743820
Cited by
2,161
References
9
FWCI
17.86
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Investment Model Scale: Measuring commitment level, satisfaction level, quality of alternatives, and investment size. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1475-6811.1998.tb00177.x
The paper
RUSBULT, C. E., MARTZ, J. M., & AGNEW, C. R. (1998). The Investment Model Scale: Measuring commitment level, satisfaction level, quality of alternatives, and investment size. Personal Relationships. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.1998.tb00177.x

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.