Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Cocaine Dependence: Order of Onset
Abstract
To investigate differences between patients whose posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) preceded their cocaine dependence and vice versa, 33 patients with comorbid PTSD and cocaine dependence were divided into two groups: one in which the trauma and PTSD occurred before onset of cocaine dependence (primary PTSD) and one in which the PTSD occurred after cocaine dependence was established (primary cocaine). In the primary‐PTSD group, the trauma was generally childhood abuse. In the primary‐cocaine group, the trauma was generally associated with the procurement and use of cocaine. In the primary‐PTSD group, there were significantly more women, more other Axis I diagnoses, more Cluster B and C Axis II diagnoses, and more benzodiazepine and opiate use. In the primary‐Cocaine group, there was a trend toward more cocaine use in the previous month. Significant clinical differences between these two groups may warrant different types of treatment or differing treatment emphasis. (Am J Addict 1998; 7:128–135)
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
With illicit drugs, procurement and use can predispose individuals to traumatic stress.
“With illicit drugs, their procurement and use can predispose individuals to traumatic stress [183,184].”
From Food Addiction and Psychosocial Adversity: Biological Embedding, Contextual Factors, and Public Health Implications (2020) · cites this paper as [183]
Cites
Impact of Event Scale: A Measure of Subjective Stress
Horowitz, M., Wilner, N., & Alvarez, W. (1979) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-197905000-00004 · Cited by 7,813 · see citing works
Resnick, H. S., Kilpatrick, D. G., Dansky, B. S., Saunders, B. E., & Best, C. L. (1993) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.61.6.984 · Cited by 1,868 · see citing works
Self-citationDissociation, somatization, and affect dysregulation: the complexity of adaptation of trauma
van der Kolk, B. A., Pelcovitz, D., Roth, S., Mandel, F. S., McFARLANE, A. C., & Herman, J. L. (1996) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.153.7.83 · Cited by 886 · see citing works
Posttraumatic stress disorder among substance users from the general population
(1992) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.149.5.664 · Cited by 479 · see citing works
Sexual assault and mental disorders in a community population.
Burnam, M. A., Stein, J. A., Golding, J. M., et al. (1988) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.56.6.843 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
(1993) · Behavior Therapy · Cited by 409 · see citing works
Understanding comorbidity between ptsd and substance use disorders: Two preliminary investigations
Saladin, M. E., Brady, K. T., Dansky, B. S., & Kilpatrick, D. G. (1995) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/0306-4603(95)00024-7 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Self-citationAttention-deficit hyperactivity and conduct disorder: comorbidity and implications for treatment.
Abikoff, H., & Klein, R. G. (1992) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.60.6.881 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Prevalence and risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder among chemically dependent adolescents
Deykin, E. Y., & Buka, S. L. (1997) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.154.6.752 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Dansky, B. S., Saladin, M. E., Brady, K. T., Kilpatrick, D. G., & Resnick, H. S. (1995) · International Journal of the Addictions · doi:10.3109/10826089509055829 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Self-citationPersonality disorders in treatment-seeking combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder
Southwick, S. M., Yehuda, R., & Giller, E. L. (1993) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.150.7.1020 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Behavioral Treatment of Alcohol Problems
Sobell, M. B., & Sobell, L. C. (1978) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-3964-9 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Comorbid Substance Abuse and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder:Characteristics of Women in Treatment
Brady, K. T., Killeen, T. K., Saladln, M. E., Dansky, B. S., & Becker, S. (1994) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.3109/10550499409117249 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Self-citationLadwig, G. B., & Andersen, M. (1989) · International Journal of the Addictions · doi:10.3109/10826088909047310 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Faustman, W. O., & WHITE, P. A. (1989) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-198903000-00005 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Pathways to Opiate Addiction: An Evaluation of Differing Antecedents
Rounsaville, B. J., Weissman, M. M., Wilber, C. H., & Kleber, H. D. (1982) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.141.5.437 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Gender differences in psychiatric morbidity among alcohol misusers
Dunne, F. J., Galatopoulos, C., & Schipperheijn, J. A. (1993) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0010-440x(93)90053-7 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Screening for childhood physical and sexual abuse among outpatient substance abusers.
Simpson, T., Westerberg, V., Little, L., & Trujillo, M. (1994) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/0740-5472(94)90045-0 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Grice, D. E., Brady, K. T., Dustan, L. R., et al. (1995) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.3109/10550499508997446 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Substance abuse treatment entry, retention, and outcome in women: a review of the literature
Greenfield, S. F., Brooks, A. J., Gordon, S. M., Green, C. A., Kropp, F., McHugh, R. K., Lincoln, M., Hien, D., & Miele, G. M. (2007) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.05.012 · Cited by 1,055 · see citing works
Khoury, L., Tang, Y. L., Bradley, B., Cubells, J. F., & Ressler, K. J. (2010) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20751 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Psychological trauma and PTSD in HIV-positive women: a meta-analysis
Machtinger, E. L., Wilson, T. C., Haberer, J. E., & Weiss, D. S. (2012) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-011-0127-4 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Ehlers, C. L., Gizer, I. R., Gilder, D. A., & Yehuda, R. (2013) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.10.002 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Comorbid disorders in patients with bipolar disorder and concomitant substance dependence
Mitchell, J. D., Brown, E. S., & Rush, A. J. (2007) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.01.005 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Wiss, D. A., Avena, N., & Gold, M. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12113521 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
- Authors
- Brady, K. T., Dansky, B. S., Sonne, S. C., & Saladin, M. E.
- Affiliations
- Medical University of South Carolina (US)
- Corresponding author
- Brady, Kathleen T.
- Venue
- The American Journal on Addictions
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1998-04
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 128-135
- ISSN
- 1055-0496 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-0391
- OpenAlex
- W4239732083
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 3.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal on Addictions (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, cocaine dependence, comorbidities, childhood abuse, trauma, Axis II personality disorders, benzodiazepine use, opiate use, therapeutic implications
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
