Cited by 247Patient-Provider Communication in HealthcareCultural Competency in Health CareHealth disparities and outcomes

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Delving Below the Surface. Understanding How Race and Ethnicity Influence Relationships in Health Care

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Cooper, Lisa A., Beach, Mary Catherine, Johnson, Rachel L., Inui, Thomas S.·2006·Journal of General Internal Medicine

DOI 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00305.xPMC PMC1484840

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Abstract

There is increasing evidence that racial and ethnic minority patients receive lower quality interpersonal care than white patients. Therapeutic relationships constitute the interpersonal milieu in which patients are diagnosed, given treatment recommendations, and referred for tests, procedures, or care by consultants in the health care system. This paper provides a review and perspective on the literature that explores the role of relationships and social interactions across racial and ethnic differences in health care. First, we examine the social and historical context for examining differences in interpersonal treatment in health care along racial and ethnic lines. Second, we discuss selected studies that examine how race and ethnicity influence clinician-patient relationships. While less is known about how race and ethnicity influence clinician-community, clinician-clinician, and clinician-self relationships, we briefly examine the potential roles of these relationships in overcoming disparities in health care. Finally, we suggest directions for future research on racial and ethnic health care disparities that uses a relationship-centered paradigm.

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Authors: Cooper, L. A., Beach, M. C., Johnson, R. L., & Inui, T. S.
Affiliations: Johns Hopkins University (US)
Regenstrief Institute (US)
ORCID: Cooper, Lisa A.
Beach, Mary Catherine
Johnson, Rachel L.
Venue: Journal of General Internal Medicine
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2006-01
Volume: 21
Issue: S1
Pages: S21-S27
ISSN: 0884-8734 (ISSN-L)
1525-1497
DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00305.x
PMC: PMC1484840
OpenAlex: W1534154425
Cited by: 247
References: 98
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 3.48
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Journal of General Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Fetzer Institute
Topics: Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Patient-Provider Communication in Healthcare
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Cultural Competency in Health Care
Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Keywords: race and ethnicity, racial and ethnic health disparities, clinician-patient relationship, relationship-centered care, minority patients
MeSH terms: Ethnicity, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Interprofessional Relations, Minority Groups, Physician-Patient Relations, Quality of Health Care, Race Relations, Cultural Diversity

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Delving Below the Surface. Understanding How Race and Ethnicity Influence Relationships in Health Care

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