Chronic Migraine Prevalence, Disability, and Sociodemographic Factors: Results From the American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention Study
Abstract
Objectives.— To estimate the prevalence and distribution of chronic migraine (CM) in the US population and compare the age‐ and sex‐specific profiles of headache‐related disability in persons with CM and episodic migraine. Background.— Global estimates of CM prevalence using various definitions typically range from 1.4% to 2.2%, but the influence of sociodemographic factors has not been completely characterized. Methods.— The American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention Study mailed surveys to a sample of 120,000 US households selected to represent the US population. Data on headache frequency, symptoms, sociodemographics, and headache‐related disability (using the Migraine Disability Assessment Scale) were obtained. Modified Silberstein–Lipton criteria were used to classify CM (meeting International Classification of Headache Disorders, second edition, criteria for migraine with a headache frequency of ≥15 days over the preceding 3 months). Results.— Surveys were returned by 162,756 individuals aged ≥12 years; 19,189 individuals (11.79%) met International Classification of Headache Disorders, second edition, criteria for migraine (17.27% of females; 5.72% of males), and 0.91% met criteria for CM (1.29% of females; 0.48% of males). Relative to 12 to 17 year olds, the age‐ and sex‐specific prevalence for CM peaked in the 40s at 1.89% (prevalence ratio 4.57; 95% confidence interval 3.13‐6.67) for females and 0.79% (prevalence ratio 3.35; 95% confidence interval 1.99‐5.63) for males. In univariate and adjusted models, CM prevalence was inversely related to annual household income. Lower income groups had higher rates of CM. Individuals with CM had greater headache‐related disability than those with episodic migraine and were more likely to be in the highest Migraine Disability Assessment Scale grade (37.96% vs 9.50%, respectively). Headache‐related disability was highest among females with CM compared with males. CM represented 7.68% of migraine cases overall, and the proportion generally increased with age. Conclusions.— In the US population, the prevalence of CM was nearly 1%. In adjusted models, CM prevalence was highest among females, in mid‐life, and in households with the lowest annual income. Severe headache‐related disability was more common among persons with CM and most common among females with CM.
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Current understanding of migraine burden among individuals with the highest unmet needs, specifically those experiencing ≥4 monthly migraine days and prior prophylaxis failure, is limited.
“However, the current understanding of migraine burden among individuals with the highest unmet needs, specifically those experiencing ≥4 monthly migraine days (MMDs) and prior prophylaxis failure, is limited.”
From My Migraine Voice survey: a global study of disease burden among individuals with migraine for whom preventive treatments have failed (2018) · cites this paper as [4]
No detailed assessment of the current treatment pathway, impact on work productivity, or burden associated with premonitory and postdromal phases of migraine is available in individuals experiencing ≥4 monthly migraine days who have had previous prophylactic treatments that failed and continue to experience frequent migraines.
“Specifically, no detailed assessment of the current treatment pathway, impact on work productivity, or burden associated with premonitory and postdromal phases of migraine is available in individuals experiencing ≥4 MMDs who have had previous prophylactic treatments that failed and continue to experience frequent migraines.”
From My Migraine Voice survey: a global study of disease burden among individuals with migraine for whom preventive treatments have failed (2018) · cites this paper as [4]
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- Authors
- Buse, D. C., Manack, A. N., Fanning, K. M., Serrano, D., Reed, M. L., Turkel, C. C., & Lipton, R. B.
- Affiliations
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Buse, Dawn C.
- Venue
- Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-07-25
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1456-1470
- ISSN
- 0017-8748 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-4610
- OpenAlex
- W2091270761
- Cited by
- 549
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 17.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Migraine and Headache Studies
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Complementary and Manual Therapy › Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Keywords
- chronic migraine, migraine prevalence, headache-related disability, episodic migraine, sociodemographic factors, household income, sex differences, age differences, Migraine Disability Assessment Scale, United States population, migraine epidemiology
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Chronic Disease, Disability Evaluation, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Migraine Disorders, Population Surveillance, United States, Prevalence, Young Adult
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