The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Brain Inflammation in Epilepsy: Experimental and Clinical Evidence
Open accessAbstract
Summary: Inflammatory reactions occur in the brain in various CNS diseases, including autoimmune, neurodegenerative, and epileptic disorders. Proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines and related molecules have been described in CNS and plasma, in experimental models of seizures and in clinical cases of epilepsy. Inflammation involves both the innate and the adaptive immune systems and shares molecules and pathways also activated by systemic infection. Experimental studies in rodents show that inflammatory reactions in the brain can enhance neuronal excitability, impair cell survival, and increase the permeability of the blood–brain barrier to blood‐borne molecules and cells. Moreover, some antiinflammatory treatments reduce seizures in experimental models and, in some instances, in clinical cases of epilepsy. However, inflammatory reactions in brain also can be beneficial, depending on the tissue microenvironment, the inflammatory mediators produced in injured tissue, the functional status of the target cells, and the length of time the tissue is exposed to inflammation. We provide an overview of the current knowledge in this field and attempt to bridge experimental and clinical evidence to discuss critically the possibility that inflammation may be a common factor contributing, or predisposing, to the occurrence of seizures and cell death, in various forms of epilepsy of different etiologies. The elucidation of this aspect may open new perspectives for the pharmacologic treatment of seizures.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Toll-like receptors: critical proteins linking innate and acquired immunity
Akira, S., Takeda, K., & Kaisho, T. (2001) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/90609 · Cited by 4,777
Neuroglial activation and neuroinflammation in the brain of patients with autism
Vargas, D. L., Nascimbene, C., Krishnan, C., Zimmerman, A. W., & Pardo, C. A. (2005) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.20315 · Cited by 2,149
Control of Synaptic Strength by Glial TNFα
Beattie, E. C., Stellwagen, D., Morishita, W., Bresnahan, J. C., Ha, B. K., Von Zastrow, M., Beattie, M. S., & Malenka, R. C. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1067859 · Cited by 1,344
Three or more routes for leukocyte migration into the central nervous system
Ransohoff, R. M., Kivisäkk, P., & Kidd, G. (2003) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1130 · Cited by 1,052
Differential Regulation of AMPA Receptor and GABA Receptor Trafficking by Tumor Necrosis Factor-α
Stellwagen, D., Beattie, E. C., Seo, J. Y., & Malenka, R. C. (2005) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4486-04.2005 · Cited by 985 · cited 1×
“Conversely, TNF-α causes endocytosis of GABAA receptors, thus resulting in decreased inhibitory strength (27,82).”
BackgroundViviani, B., Bartesaghi, S., Gardoni, F., Vezzani, A., Behrens, M. M., Bartfai, T., Binaglia, M., Corsini, E., Di Luca, M., Galli, C. L., et al. (2003) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-25-08692.2003 · Cited by 893
Self-citationNF-κB in neuronal plasticity and neurodegenerative disorders
Mattson, M. P., & Camandola, S. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci11916 · Cited by 877
Cunningham, A. J., Murray, C. A., O'Neill, L. A. J., Lynch, M. A., & O'Connor, J. J. (1996) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(95)12252-4 · Cited by 433
Chakravarty, S., & Herkenham, M. (2005) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4268-04.2005 · Cited by 396
Brunson, K. L., Eghbal-Ahmadi, M., Bender, R., Chen, Y., & Baram, T. Z. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.151224898 · Cited by 236
Cited by
The role of inflammation in epilepsy
Vezzani, A., French, J., Bartfai, T., & Baram, T. Z. (2011) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2010.178 · Cited by 1,876
Self-citationAmyloid-β–induced neuronal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: from synapses toward neural networks
Palop, J. J., & Mucke, L. (2010) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2583 · Cited by 1,651
Blood–brain barrier breakdown as a therapeutic target in traumatic brain injury
Shlosberg, D., Benifla, M., Kaufer, D., & Friedman, A. (2010) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2010.74 · Cited by 897
Maroso, M., Balosso, S., Ravizza, T., Liu, J., Aronica, E., Iyer, A. M., Rossetti, C., Molteni, M., Casalgrandi, M., Manfredi, A. A., et al. (2010) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2127 · Cited by 842
Self-citationBlood-brain barrier leakage may lead to progression of temporal lobe epilepsy
van Vliet, E. A., da Costa Araujo, S., Redeker, S., van Schaik, R., Aronica, E., & Gorter, J. A. (2007) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awl318 · Cited by 775
Metadata
- Authors
- Vezzani, A., & Granata, T.
- Venue
- Epilepsia
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005-11
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1724-1743
- ISSN
- 0013-9580 (ISSN-L)
- 1528-1167
- OpenAlex
- W2081689918
- Cited by
- 1,036
- References
- 12
- FWCI
- 19.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Brain Inflammation in Epilepsy: Experimental and Clinical Evidence. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2005.00298.x
- The paper
- Vezzani, A., & Granata, T. (2005). Brain Inflammation in Epilepsy: Experimental and Clinical Evidence. Epilepsia. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2005.00298.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
