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Global Lithium Availability: A Constraint for Electric Vehicles?
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“lithium is a key ingredient in lithium-ion batteries used to power electric vehicles (EVs), energy grid storage, and portable electronic devices, in addition to its direct uses in ceramics, glass, and other products”
From Lithium and water: Hydrosocial impacts across the life cycle of energy storage (2024) · cites this paper as Gruber et al., 2011
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Since BEVs and PHEVs will control the majority of the EV market, LBs will probably be a significant component of the future generation of EVs [14,15].”
From Electric Vehicle Battery Supply Chain and Critical Materials: A Brief Survey of State of the Art (2023) · cites this paper as [14]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Gruber, P. W., Medina, P. A., Keoleian, G. A., Kesler, S. E., Everson, M. P., & Wallington, T. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Ford Motor Company (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Keoleian, Gregory A.
- Venue
- Journal of Industrial Ecology
- Published
- 2011-07-26
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 760-775
- ISSN
- 1088-1980 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1808360606
- Cited by
- 620
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 35.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Journal of Industrial Ecology (publishedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Metals and Alloys › Extraction and Separation Processes
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Geology and Environmental Impact Studies
- Keywords
- lithium resources, lithium demand, electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries, lithium deposits, resource adequacy, battery materials
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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