Cited by 636Frailty in Older AdultsNutrition and Health in AgingPharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

A Comparison of Frailty Indexes for the Prediction of Falls, Disability, Fractures, and Mortality in Older Men

Open access

Ensrud, Kristine E., Ewing, Susan K., Cawthon, Peggy M., Fink, Howard A., Taylor, Brent C., Cauley, Jane A., Dam, Thuy‐Tien, Marshall, Lynn M., Orwoll, Eric S., Cummings, Steven R., for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Research Group·2009·Journal of the American Geriatrics Society

DOI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02137.xPMC PMC2861353

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To compare the validity of a parsimonious frailty index (components: weight loss, inability to rise from a chair, and poor energy (Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) index)) with that of the more complex Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) index (components: unintentional weight loss, low grip strength, poor energy, slowness, and low physical activity) for prediction of adverse outcomes in older men. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Six U.S. centers. PARTICIPANTS: Three thousand one hundred thirty‐two men aged 67 and older. MEASUREMENTS: Frailty status categorized as robust, intermediate stage, or frail using the SOF index and criteria similar to those used in CHS index. Falls were reported three times for 1 year. Disability (≥1 new impairments in performing instrumental activities of daily living) ascertained at 1 year. Fractures and deaths ascertained during 3 years of follow‐up. Analysis of area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) statistics compared for models containing the SOF index versus those containing the CHS index. RESULTS: Greater evidence of frailty as defined by either index was associated with greater risk of adverse outcomes. Frail men had a higher age‐adjusted risk of recurrent falls (odds ratio (OR)=3.0–3.6), disability (OR=5.3–7.5), nonspine fracture (hazard ratio (HR)=2.2–2.3), and death (HR=2.5–3.5) ( P <.001 for all models). AUC comparisons revealed no differences between models with the SOF index and models with the CHS index in discriminating falls (AUC=0.63, P =.97), disability (AUC=0.68, P =.86), nonspine fracture (AUC=0.63, P =.90), or death (AUC=0.71 for model with SOF index and 0.72 for model with CHS index, P =.19). CONCLUSION: The simple SOF index predicts risk of falls, disability, fracture, and mortality in men as well as the more‐complex CHS index.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02137.x

Cites

35 of 35 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

An Introduction to the Bootstrap
Efron, B., & Tibshirani, R. J. (1994) · doi:10.1201/9780429246593 · Cited by 40,500
Frailty in Older Adults: Evidence for a Phenotype
Fried, L. P., Tangen, C. M., Walston, J., Newman, A. B., Hirsch, C., Gottdiener, J., Seeman, T., Tracy, R., Kop, W. J., Burke, G., et al. (2001) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/56.3.m146 · Cited by 24,907
An Introduction to the Bootstrap
Efron, B., & Tibshirani, R. J. (1993) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-4541-9 · Cited by 21,230
Untangling the concepts of disability, frailty, and comorbidity: Implications for improved targeting and care
Fried, L. P., Ferrucci, L., Darer, J., Williamson, J. D., & Anderson, G. (2004) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/59.3.m255 · Cited by 4,032
Risk Factors for Hip Fracture in White Women
Cummings, S. R., Nevitt, M. C., Browner, W. S., Stone, K., Fox, K. M., Ensrud, K. E., Cauley, J., Black, D., & Vogt, T. M. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199503233321202 · Cited by 3,595
Self-citation
Untitled work
(1987) · PubMed · Cited by 2,657
Research Agenda for Frailty in Older Adults: Toward a Better Understanding of Physiology and Etiology: Summary from the American Geriatrics Society/National Institute on Aging Research Conference on Frailty in Older Adults
Walston, J., Hadley, E. C., Ferrucci, L., Guralnik, J. M., Newman, A. B., Studenski, S. A., Ershler, W. B., Harris, T., & Fried, L. P. (2006) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.00745.x · Cited by 1,605
The use of clinical risk factors enhances the performance of BMD in the prediction of hip and osteoporotic fractures in men and women
Kanis, J. A., Odén, A., Johnell, O., Johansson, H., Laet, C. E. D. H. D., Brown, J. P., Burckhardt, P., Cooper, C. C., Christiansen, C., Cummings, S. R., et al. (2007) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-007-0343-y · Cited by 1,231
Self-citation
Phenotype of frailty: characterization in the women's health and aging studies
Bandeen-Roche, K., Xue, Q.-L., Ferrucci, L., Walston, J., Guralnik, J. M., Chaves, P., Zeger, S. L., & Fried, L. P. (2006) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/61.3.262 · Cited by 1,215
Frailty: Emergence and Consequences in Women Aged 65 and Older in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study
Fugate Woods, N., LaCroix, A. Z., Gray, S. L., Aragaki, A., Cochrane, B. B., Brunner, R. L., Masaki, K., Murray, A., & Newman, A. B. (2005) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53405.x · Cited by 1,040

Show all 38 references

Sorted by citations

Items 401–500 of 634

Heterogeneity amongst different diagnostic tools in frailty screening
Redín-Sagredo, M. J., Herce, P. A., Herrero, A. C., Gutiérrez‐Valencia, M., & Martínez‐Velilla, N. (2019) · Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra · doi:10.23938/assn.0642 · Cited by 8
A 20-sec Stepping Test and KINECTTMSensor Provides Objective Quantification of Movement/Balance Dysfunction in Older Individuals
Takeshima, N., Kohama, T., Kusünoki, M., Okada, S., Fujita, E., Oba, Y., & Brechue, W. F. (2020) · Experimental Aging Research · doi:10.1080/0361073x.2020.1743928 · Cited by 9
“disability (Al Snih et al., 2009; Boyd et al., 2005; Ensrud et al., 2009; Fried et al., 2001), placing high a burden on individuals and healthcare systems (Rochat et al.”
Background
Two-Item Fall Screening Tool Identifies Older Adults at Increased Risk of Falling after Emergency Department Visit
Solie, C. J., Swanson, M. B., Harland, K. K., Blum, C., Kin, K., & Mohr, N. M. (2020) · Western Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.5811/westjem.2020.5.46991 · Cited by 8
Retirement status and frailty: a cross-sectional study of the phenotype of manual workers aged 50–70 years
Norheim, K. L., Bøggild, H., Andersen, J. H., Omland, Ø., Bønløkke, J. H., & Madeleine, P. (2020) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckaa188 · Cited by 11
Osteoporosis Prescribing in Long-Term Care: Impact of a Provincial Knowledge Translation Strategy
Kennedy, C. C., Ioannidis, G., Thabane, L., Adachi, J. D., O'Donnell, D. J. P., Giangregorio, L., Pickard, L. E., & Παπαϊωάννου, Α. (2015) · Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement · doi:10.1017/s0714980815000057 · Cited by 8
Bisphosphonates prevent age-related weight loss in Japanese postmenopausal women
Urano, T., Shiraki, M., Kuroda, T., Tanaka, S., Urano, F., Uenishi, K., & Inoue, S. (2017) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism · doi:10.1007/s00774-017-0891-y · Cited by 8
The Relationship between Frailty Syndrome and Concerns about an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator
Młynarska, A., Młynarski, R., Uchmanowicz, I., Marcisz, C., & Golba, K. S. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17061954 · Cited by 8
“As a result, this leads to a significant limitation of various types of patient activity, for example, avoiding any physical effort due to the fear of firing or avoiding the places, people, and situations that are reminiscent of the circumstances in which the firing once occurred [4,5].”
Background
Hip fracture prognosis: could bioimpedance be an alternative to conventional nutritional assessment?
Schiper, L., Sadigursky, D., Rosario, D. A. V., Schiper, S. P., Passos, L. C. S., & Faintuch, J. (2011) · PubMed · doi:10.1590/s0212-16112011000400034 · Cited by 8
“Frailty indexes, which robustly correlate with falls, fractures and mortality in this population ,also partly rely on weight loss history.(12) Primitive bioimpedance measurements, nominally resistance and reactance, are weight-independent and thus ideal for bedridden patients.”
Background
Is the Drug Burden Index Related to Declining Functional Status at Follow-up in Community-Dwelling Seniors Consulting for Minor Injuries? Results from the Canadian Emergency Team Initiative Cohort Study
Kröger, E., Simard, M., Sirois, M., Giroux, M., Sirois, C., O’Donnell, L. K., Reeve, E., Hilmer, S. N., Carmichael, P., & Émond, M. (2018) · Drugs & Aging · doi:10.1007/s40266-018-0604-9 · Cited by 8
Indication of frailty transitions on 2-year adverse health outcomes among older Chinese inpatients: Insight from a multicenter prospective cohort study
Yu, M., Ding, J., Wu, X., Wen, X., Jin, J., Wang, H., Lv, D., Zhao, S., Jiao, J., & Xu, T. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0313775 · Cited by 7
Association Between Frailty and Inpatient Services Utilization Among Older Adults in Rural China: The Mediating Role of Multimorbidity
Yuan, Y., Li, J., Fu, P., Zhou, C., & Li, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.818482 · Cited by 7
The clinical status and treatment options for osteoarthritis in patients with frailty
Naumov, A. V., Khovasova, N. O., Мороз, В. И., Tkacheva, O. N., & Shavlovskaya, O. A. (2019) · Terapevticheskii arkhiv · doi:10.26442/00403660.2019.12.000487 · Cited by 7
“Можно предполагать, что наличие патологии суставов у пациентов со СА серьезно увеличивает риск инвалидизации [27] и смертности [28].”
Association of Obesity with Cognitive Impairment and Depression among Oldest Old Population having Frailty syndrome
Anaika, G., Regalla, S. S., Reddy, B. M., Ganguly, E., & Sharma, P. K. (2022) · Journal of Frailty Sarcopenia and Falls · doi:10.22540/jfsf-07-207 · Cited by 6
Le RAI-Home Care : utilisation, potentiels et limites dans les soins à domicile
Busnel, C., Mastromauro, L., Zecca, W., & Ludwig, C. (2017) · Gérontologie et société · doi:10.3917/gs1.153.0167 · Cited by 7
The impact of acute kidney injury on frailty status in critical illness survivors—is there enough evidence?
Ortiz-Soriano, V., & Neyra, J. A. (2018) · Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.21037/jeccm.2018.10.17 · Cited by 7
“Several studies have attempted to validate and compare these tools, but none of the tools has shown to be superior to their counterparts and therefore there is no single tool for assessment of frailty postulated as standard of care (20-22).”
Background
Cardiac anesthesia and surgery in geriatric patients: epidemiology, current surgical outcomes, and future directions.
Castillo, J. G., Silvay, G., & Chikwe, J. (2009) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 7
Markerless Motion Capture Parameters Associated with Fall Risk or Frailty: A Scoping Review
Osness, E., Isley, S., Bertrand, J. K., Dennett, L., Bates, J., Decker, N. V., Stanhope, A., Omkar, A., Dolgoy, N. D., Ezeugwu, V. E., et al. (2025) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s25185741 · Cited by 6
“It is associated with increased morbidity and mortality [3,4], hospitalization, and financial burden on healthcare systems [5,6].”
Hip Fracture Geriatric (HIP-G) Index: Predicting 12-Month Mortality in Older Adults With Hip Fracture
Ceolin, C., Cannavò, D., Sella, S., Camozzi, V., Bertocco, A., Torres, M. O., Cecchinato, A., Diogo, M., Falb, M. P., Guidolin, F., et al. (2025) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2025.105925 · Cited by 6
‘I think we could probably do more’: an interview study to explore community pharmacists’ experiences and perspectives of frailty and optimising medicines use in frail older adults
Faulkner, L., Hughes, C. M., & Barry, H. E. (2024) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afae089 · Cited by 6
“…in increased vulnerability following a seemingly innocuous ‘stressor event’, such as infection or medication change [1], negatively impacting quality of life [3] and increasing the risk of adverse outcomes including disability, falls, hospital-isation, institutionalisation and mortality [1, 4, 5].”
BackgroundInfluential
Functional Impairments, Phenotypic Frailty, and Sector-Specific Incremental Healthcare Costs in Older Adults
Ensrud, K. E., Schousboe, J. T., Kats, A. M., Taylor, B. C., Duan‐Porter, W., Sheets, K. M., Boyd, C. M., Cawthon, P. M., & Langsetmo, L. (2024) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glae245 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
Nutrition Status, Muscle Mass, and Frailty in Older People: A Cross-Sectional Study Conducted in Cyprus
Başaran, A. Y. G., & Yıldız, E. A. (2021) · Journal of the American Nutrition Association · doi:10.1080/07315724.2021.1884142 · Cited by 6
Outcomes of Femoral Neck Fracture Treated With Hip Arthroplasty in Solid Organ Transplant Patients
Ledford, C. K., VanWagner, M. J., Spaulding, A., Spencer-Gardner, L. S., Wilke, B. K., & Porter, S. B. (2021) · Arthroplasty Today · doi:10.1016/j.artd.2021.09.006 · Cited by 6
Frailty
Walston, J. D. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-76271-1_1 · Cited by 6
Prevention of falls in the elderly and senile patients with cardiovascular diseases
Ткачева, О. Н., Kotovskaya, Y. V., Eruslanova, K. A., Alimova, E. R., Рунихина, Н. К., Naumov, A. V., & Frolova, E. V. (2023) · Russian Journal of Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.37586/2686-8636-1-2023-14-28 · Cited by 6
Physical frailty, disability, and dynamics in health perceptions: a preliminary mediation model
Roppolo, M., Mulasso, A., & Rabaglietti, E. (2016) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s97507 · Cited by 6
Aging, Fragility and Palliative Care: Challenges of an Emerging Context
Mello, J. L. C., Souza, D. M. T., Chacara, R. A. L., Narita, R. S., & Chiminazo, L. F. S. (2018) · Hospice and Palliative Medicine International Journal · doi:10.15406/hpmij.2018.02.00057 · Cited by 6
“DOI: 10.15406/hpmij.2018.02.00057 Aging, Fragility and Palliative Care: Challenges of an Emerging Context 3/4 Copyright: ©2018 Mello et al. the “no” answer to the following question: “Do you feel full of energy?” from the Geriatric Depression Scale) [26].”
BackgroundInfluential
Paramedic assessment of frailty: An exploratory study of perceptions of frailty assessment tools
Harris, W., Lucas, P., Eyles, H., & Parker, L. (2018) · Irish Journal of Paramedicine · doi:10.32378/ijp.v3i1.80 · Cited by 6
“(16) The FRAIL-NH Scale requires the addition of a depression assessment tool,(17) which adds an additional layer of complexity to the frailty assessment process.”
Gender‐specific factors associated with risk of depression among Lebanese older adults
Boulos, C., & Salameh, P. (2021) · Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1111/psyg.12708 · Cited by 6
Is the outcome of frailty syndrome gender dependent?
Zasadzka, E., Trzmiel, T., Roszak, M., & Pawlaczyk, M. (2019) · Journal of Women & Aging · doi:10.1080/08952841.2019.1593797 · Cited by 6
“, 2006), resulting in an increased risk for numerous health complications, such as functional disorders, dependence in ADL, the need for more frequent hospitalization, institutionalization, and death (Ensrud et al., 2009; Hastings, Purser, Johnson, Sloane, & Whitson, 2008; Song, Mitnitski, & Rockwood, 2010; Lisiak, Uc…”
BackgroundInfluential
TREATMENT OF CANCER IN THE OLDER AGED PERSON
Balducci, L. (2010) · Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases · doi:10.4084/mjhid.2010.029 · Cited by 6
Frailty risk in adults with dynapenia: A cross-sectional study comparing AWGS 2019 and GLIS 2024 consensus enhanced clinical utility
Lin, K., Huang, W.-J., Wen, C., & Chan, D. (2025) · Journal of the Formosan Medical Association · doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2025.10.037 · Cited by 5
Pre-frailty and frailty as predictors of fractures in older adults: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of over 2.5 million individuals
Zhang, X., Bian, J., Liang, Y., Luo, K., Zhou, Z., Zuo, H., Xiao, Y., Zhang, W., Jiang, Z., Zhou, H., et al. (2026) · International Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1097/js9.0000000000004832 · Cited by 5
Leisure-time physical activity as a key protective factor against cognitive decline in older adults: an isotemporal substitution analysis
Duarte, F. R., Galvão, L. L., Silva, R. R., Tribess, S., dos Santos, R. G., Santos, D. D. A. T., & Júnior, J. S. V. (2024) · Cadernos de Saúde Pública · doi:10.1590/0102-311xen046523 · Cited by 9
“Older adults who presented with 2 or 3 of these components (unintentional weight loss, self-reported fatigue, and loss of strength) were classified as frail, and the others were classified as non-frail 29 .”
Background
The Application of Voice Biomarkers in Frailty: A Scoping Review
Wang, X., Han, S., Wang, W., Yang, Y., Zhang, W., Chen, S., Shan, S., Chen, M., & Wang, Z. (2025) · Journal of Voice · doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2024.12.029 · Cited by 5
Desempenho motor de idosos de uma comunidade do sul do Brasil
Confortin, S. C., Barbosa, A. R., Danielewicz, A. L., Meneghini, V., & Testa, W. L. (2013) · Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance · doi:10.5007/1980-0037.2013v15n4p417 · Cited by 5
Physical performance measures in frailty screening: diagnostic and prognostic accuracy in the Toledo Study of Healthy Ageing
Sánchez‐Sánchez, J. L., Carnicero, J. A. C., García‐García, F. J., Álvarez‐Bustos, A., Rodríguez-Sánchez, B., & Rodríguez‐Mañas, L. (2022) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2022.07.004 · Cited by 5
Identification of frailty in primary care: accuracy of electronically derived measures
Swart, K. M. A., van der Heijden, A. A. W. A., Blom, M. T., Overbeek, J. A., Nijpels, G., van Hout, H. P. J., Elders, P. J. M., & Herings, R. M. C. (2023) · British Journal of General Practice · doi:10.3399/bjgp.2022.0574 · Cited by 5
“(1) Frailty is associated with poor health outcomes, including falls, disability, hospitalisation, and mortality.(2-6) Given the increased numbers of seniors with frail health, care models should include frailty to focus on optimising health and avoiding hospitalisation of frail and well seniors alike.”
Cystic Fibrosis in Adults: A Paradigm of Frailty Syndrome? An Observational Study
Iacotucci, P., Carnovale, V., Ferrillo, L., Somma, J., Bocchino, M., D’Ippolito, M., Sanduzzi, A., Rengo, G., Ferrara, N., Conti, V., et al. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13020585 · Cited by 5
“Patients with none of the above impairments were considered robust, and those with one disability were considered to be in a pre-frailty/frailty status [20,21].”
Background
Midlife cumulative deficit frailty predicts Alzheimer’s disease-related plasma biomarkers in older adults
Buchholz, E. J., Gillespie, N. A., Hunt, J. F. V., Reynolds, C. A., Rissman, R. A., Schroeder, A., Cortes, I., Bell, T. R., Lyons, M. J., Kremen, W. S., et al. (2024) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afae028 · Cited by 5
Identification of factors associated with risk of fall using a force platform and power spectrum analysis technique
Schneider, P. F., Schwab, M., & Hänscheid, H. (2011) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.05.007 · Cited by 5
Cystic Fibrosis: Detecting frailty in an outpatient clinic
Ferguson, N., Proud, D., Bridges, C., & Duckers, J. M. (2016) · Healthy Aging Research · doi:10.1097/01.hxr.0000511872.94957.5e · Cited by 5
“While ‘frail’ is a term usually used to describe the elderly [5], a link between premature ageing, frailty and disease has been recognised in several chronic conditions.”
Background
Association of Bone Mineral Density with Frailty, Pre-Frailty, and Osteoporosis in Community-Dwelling Elderly: A Prospective Study
Araujo, E. C. D. S. E. S. (2017) · Journal of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology · doi:10.23937/2469-5858/1510033 · Cited by 5
“Other studies analyzed frailty as a predictor of low BMD [1,3,26] or other outcomes related to bone health, such as falls, fractures and incapacity [2,21].”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Southampton Arm Fracture Frailty and Sarcopenia Study (SAFFSS): a study protocol for the feasibility of assessing frailty and sarcopenia among older patients with an upper limb fracture
Ibrahim, K., Mullee, M., Yao, G., Zhu, S., Baxter, M. A., Tilly, S., Russell, C., & Roberts, H. C. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031275 · Cited by 6
Implementing frailty assessment into a healthcare system: a clinical opinion paper
Kyriakou, E., Tzefronis, D., Dagianta, G., & Triantafyllopoulos, I. Κ. (2019) · Journal of Frailty Sarcopenia and Falls · doi:10.22540/jfsf-04-111 · Cited by 5
Development and Evaluation of a Booklet on Nutrition Education for Falls Prevention among Older Adults
Y, H. M., Z, N. A. A., SUZANA, S., & Singh, D. K. A. (2020) · Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia · doi:10.17576/jskm-2020-1802-02 · Cited by 5
Modified Frailty Index-5 Score and Post-Operative Infectious Complications in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Intestinal-Cutaneous Fistula: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Alser, O. H., Dorken‐Gallastegi, A., Christensen, M. A., Mashbari, H. N. A., Saillant, N. N., Parks, J. J., Mendoza, A. E., Fagenholz, P. J., King, D. R., Hwabejire, J. O., et al. (2021) · Surgical Infections · doi:10.1089/sur.2020.441 · Cited by 5
Comparison of the Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index and the frailty phenotype for the identification of falls in older individuals: A cross-sectional study
Moreira, N. B., Bento, P. C. B., Vieira, E. R., da Silva, J. L. P., & Rodacki, A. L. F. (2022) · Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rehab.2022.101675 · Cited by 5
Causal association between heart failure and bone mineral density: Insights from a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Gua, C., Li, T., & Wang, J. (2022) · Genomics · doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110522 · Cited by 5
Adherence to Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension and Healthy Eating Indices are associated with lower risk of disability among Puerto Rican adults from the longitudinal Boston Puerto Rican Health Study
Flanagan, K., Cornell, D. J., Mangano, K. M., Zhang, X., Tucker, K. L., & Noel, S. E. (2024) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.05.030 · Cited by 5
Prevalence and Correlates of Frailty among Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis
Mahmoud, H. D. A. A. (2014) · General Medicine Open Access · doi:10.4172/2327-5146.1000156 · Cited by 5
“Introduction Frailty is a multi-dimensional geriatric syndrome [1]; theoretically defined as a clinically recognizable state of increased vulnerability resulting from aging-associated decline in reserve and function across multiple physiologic systems such that the ability to cope with every day or acute stress is com…”
Background
Validação da avaliação subjetiva de fragilidade em idosos no município de São Paulo: Estudo SABE (Saúde, Bem estar e Envelhecimento)
Nunes, D. P. (2011) · doi:10.11606/d.6.2011.tde-08042011-152048 · Cited by 5
Frailty assessment in geriatric trauma patients: comparing the predictive value of the full and a condensed version of the Fried frailty phenotype
Braunschweig, J., Lang, W., Freystaetter, G., Hierholzer, C., Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A., & Gagesch, M. (2024) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-024-05594-x · Cited by 4
Effects of physical fitness using a Kinect system for pre-frail community-dwelling older adults
Huang, W.-Y., Liou, I., Chang, S., Lee, C.-H., Du, Y., & Cherng, R. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1498606 · Cited by 4
Preoperative Frailty Assessed Comprehensively by a Questionnaire Predicts a Poor Survival Following Curative Resection of Gastric Cancer
Tamura, T., Sakurai, K., Ryu, K., Murata, T., Miyamoto, H., Nishi, S., Deguchi, S., Nambara, M., Miki, Y., Yoshii, M., et al. (2023) · Cancer Diagnosis & Prognosis · doi:10.21873/cdp.10273 · Cited by 4
“Kristine et al. showed an association with frailty as assessed by the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) index, which consists of three simple items: weight loss, inability to rise from a chair, and loss of energy (16, 17).”
Method
Dietary Sodium Restriction and Frailty among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: An 8-Year Longitudinal Study
Lin, Y., & Yan, H. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16050580 · Cited by 4
“This study applied the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) index [24], the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) index (also known as the Fried index) [25], and the Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illness, and Loss of weight (FRAIL) index [26].”
Method
Are circadian rest–activity rhythms sex‐specific markers of frailty risk in older adults? A narrative review
Kim, J., Kirkman, D. L., Lü, J., Sargent, L. J., & Kim, Y. (2025) · Geriatrics and gerontology international/Geriatrics & gerontology international · doi:10.1111/ggi.70110 · Cited by 4
Redefining Quality of Surgical Care for the Frail Elderly
Berian, J. R., & Rosenthal, R. A. (2016) · Current Surgery Reports · doi:10.1007/s40137-016-0131-8 · Cited by 4
Effect of a new health education model on continuous nursing in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus
Chao, J.-J., & Xue, Y.-Z. (2018) · Frontiers of Nursing · doi:10.1515/fon-2018-0010 · Cited by 4
“(3) A doctor–patient contact card was issued because patients with diabetes have poor peripheral circulation, which may lead to an extended period of time for functional recovery.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Preoperative frailty predicts postoperative outcomes in intestinal-cutaneous fistula repair
Alser, O. H., Naar, L., Christensen, M. A., Saillant, N. N., Parks, J. J., Mendoza, A. E., Fagenholz, P. J., King, D. R., Kaafarani, H. M. A., Velmahos, G. C., et al. (2021) · Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.surg.2020.11.018 · Cited by 4
Frailty syndrome in older adults from the community and long-term care institutions: an exploratory analysis
de Brasília, U. C., Cunha, V. A., Baião, V. M., de Brasília, U. C., dos Santos, G. A., ICESP, C. U., Ribeiro, H. S., ICESP, C. U., (UnB), U. D. B., Correa, H. L., et al. (2019) · Geriatrics Gerontology and Aging · doi:10.5327/z2447-211520191900033 · Cited by 4
Cluster Analysis of Physical and Cognitive Ageing Patterns in Older People from Shanghai
Bandelow, S., Xu, X. Y., Xiao, S., & Hogervorst, E. (2016) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics6010011 · Cited by 4
“Similarly, Ensrud (2007) identified the frailty phenotype as having the following components: (i) unintentional weight loss; (ii) self-reported fatigue; and (iii) diminished physical activity, defined as impaired grip strength and reduced gait speed [2].”
BackgroundInfluential
Valoración de la capacidad funcional en ancianos mayores de 70 años con la escala Short Physical Performance Battery
Monje, F. M., Cortés-Gálvez, J. M., Cartagena-Pérez, Y., Cano, C. A., Sánchez-López, M. I., & Hernández, M. L. (2017) · Atención Familiar · doi:10.1016/j.af.2017.10.002 · Cited by 4
Zespół kruchości w gabinecie lekarza praktyka — o czym należy pamiętać?
Łęgosz, P., Krzowski, B., Platek, A. E., Ryś, A., Semczuk-Kaczmarek, K., Szymański, F. M., & Małdyk, P. (2018) · Folia Cardiologica · doi:10.5603/fc.2018.0025 · Cited by 4
Sleep: Disorders and Clinical Implications
Jha, V. M., & Jha, S. K. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-7175-6_6 · Cited by 4
The prevalence of frailty and its relationship with socio-demographic factors, regional healthcare disparities, and healthcare utilisation in the aging population across IndiaPreprint
Singhal, S., Singh, S., Dewangan, G. C., Dey, S., Banerjee, J., Lee, J., Upadhyaya, A. D., Hu, P., Goyal, L. K., & Dey, A. B. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2371290/v1 · Cited by 4
The simpler modified fried frailty scale predicts 2-year mortality in older adults with heart failure: a pilot study
Küçük, C., Özkök, S., Bahat, G., Karaayvaz, E. B., Altınkaynak, M., Medetalibeyoğlu, A., & Karan, M. A. (2025) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-025-05698-y · Cited by 3
A machine learning model for frailty based on wearable device measurements
Culos, A., Mañas, A., Shidara, K., Fallazadeh, R., Garcia‐Garcia, F. J., Losa‐Reyna, J., Alegre, L. M., Rodríguez‐Mañas, L., Chang, A. L., Espinosa, C. A., et al. (2026) · Communications Medicine · doi:10.1038/s43856-026-01419-7 · Cited by 5
“Frailty is a clinically relevant syndrome in the elderly population associated with increased risk for falls, incident disability, hospitalization, and mortality 6,38 – 41 .”
Development and validation of an individual-based state-transition model for the prediction of frailty and frailty-related events
Pincombe, A., Afzali, H. H. A., Visvanathan, R., & Karnon, J. D. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0290567 · Cited by 3
Incremental healthcare costs of the simple SOF measure of phenotypic frailty in community‐dwelling older adults
Ensrud, K. E., Schousboe, J. T., Kats, A. M., Fink, H. A., Taylor, B. C., Sheets, K. M., Boyd, C. M., & Langsetmo, L. (2024) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.19287 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Sarcopenia and Frailty: the detectable overlapping and the possible diagnostic approaches
Therapist, P., & Nikolaou, D. (2016) · Journal of Frailty Sarcopenia and Falls · doi:10.22540/jfsf-01-008 · Cited by 3
Routinization: risk factor or marker of adjustment to negative health issues?
Bergua, V., Meillon, C., Pérès, K., Dartigues, J., Bouisson, J., & Amieva, H. (2022) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.5682 · Cited by 2
Suggestions on the ideal method of conducting community screenings for older adults
Kouzuki, M., Tanaka, N., Miyamoto, M., & Urakami, K. (2023) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-023-04119-2 · Cited by 3
Systematic review of methods used in prediction models with recurrent event data
Watson, V., Smith, C. T., & Bonnett, L. J. (2024) · Diagnostic and Prognostic Research · doi:10.1186/s41512-024-00173-5 · Cited by 3
Management of patients in the elderly with osteoarthritis (Methodological recommendations of the Russian Association of Gerontologists and Geriatricians)
Naumov, A. V., Khovasova, N. O., Meshkov, A. D., Unkovskiy, A. V., К., Ф. Д., Kotovskaya, Y. V., & Ткачева, О. Н. (2025) · Russian Journal of Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.37586/2686-8636-2-2025-125-144 · Cited by 3
Relationship between IL-6, IL-1β, and vitamin D on frailty status in elderly women
Ngestiningsih, D., Dayanti, J. K., & Batubara, L. (2021) · Bali Medical Journal · doi:10.15562/bmj.v10i1.2177 · Cited by 3
The role of frailty in the clinical management of neurofibromatosis type 1: a mixed-effects modeling study using the Nationwide Readmissions Database
Shahrestani, S., Brown, N. J., Strickland, B. A., Bakhsheshian, J., Ghodsi, S. M., Nasrollahi, T. S., Borrelli, M., Gendreau, J. L., Ruzevick, J., & Zada, G. (2022) · Neurosurgical FOCUS · doi:10.3171/2022.2.focus21782 · Cited by 3
Fragilidade e qualidade de vida em idosos
Rabelo, M. A., de Souza, D. M. S. T., Galhardo, V. Â. C., & Mello, J. L. D. C. (2023) · Research Society and Development · doi:10.33448/rsd-v12i3.40738 · Cited by 3
Accelerated bone loss, but not low periosteal expansion, is associated with higher all-cause mortality in older men – prospective MINOS study
Szulc, P., Chapurlat, R. D., & Delmas, P. D. (2010) · Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1016/j.jomh.2010.08.001 · Cited by 3
“Frailty may be associated with low aBMD and higher mortality [43,44].”
Anesthetic Management of Thoraco-Abdominal Open Procedures
Castillo, J. G., Silvay, G., & Fischer, G. W. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-88-470-1857-0_21 · Cited by 3
La fragilité des personnes âgées
Rétornaz, F., Karunananthan, S., Sourial, N., Vedel, I., & Bergman, H. (2013) · Presses de l’EHESP eBooks · doi:10.3917/ehesp.bela.2013.01.0123 · Cited by 3
Terminal Weight Loss, Frailty, and Mortality
Masoro, E. J. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-378638-8.00014-2 · Cited by 3
Management of lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia in elderly patients with a new diagnostic, therapeutic and care pathway
Carbone, A., Fuschi, A., Al-Rawashdah, S. F., Salhi, Y. A., Velotti, G., Ripoli, A., Autieri, D., Palleschi, G., & Pastore, A. L. (2016) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/ijcp.12849 · Cited by 3
Implications of Frailty among Men with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators
Picel, K., Vo, T., Kealhofer, J. V., Anand, V., Ensrud, K. E., & Adabağ, S. (2020) · Southern Medical Journal · doi:10.14423/smj.0000000000001137 · Cited by 3
“The performance of the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures frailty scale in predicting risk of adverse clinical outcomes including incident disability, falls, fractures, and mortality is similar to that of the more complex frailty index based on five components developed using data from the Cardiovascular Health Study.13,…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citation
Frailty Assessment in Daily Living (FRAIL) - Assessment of ADL Performance of Frail Elderly with IMUs
Schmidle, S., Gulde, P., Jansen, B., Herdegen, S., & Hermsdörfer, J. (2020) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-60703-6_12 · Cited by 3
Screening Gait Performance, Falls, and Physical Activity among Benedictine and Trappist Monks
Klima, D. W., & Davey, A. (2021) · Journal of Primary Care & Community Health · doi:10.1177/2150132721990187 · Cited by 3
Frailty inclusive care in acute and community-based settings: a systematic review protocol
Montgomery, C., Hopkin, G., Bagshaw, S. M., Hessey, E., & Rolfson, D. B. (2021) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-021-01638-0 · Cited by 3
Comparative Performance of Three Claims-Based Frailty Measures Among Medicare Beneficiaries
Heins, S. E., Agniel, D. M., Mann, J., & Sorbero, M. E. S. (2023) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/07334648231223449 · Cited by 2
“While there is no single de ﬁ nition of frailty, it is generally characterized by a collection of symptoms including unintentional weight loss, decreased strength, and increased susceptibility to falls and fractures (Ensrud et al., 2009; Fried et al., 2001; Xue, 2011).”
Background
Association between Polypharmacy and Hospitalization among Older Adults Admitted to Emergency Departments for Falls in Guadeloupe: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Simo, N., Letchimy, L., Mounsamy, L., Rinaldo, L., Vainqueur, L., Essomba, M.-J. N., Mallet, G., Boucaud‐Maitre, D., & Tabué-Teguo, M. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12151471 · Cited by 2
“This finding is not consistent with the data in the literature, where it is well established that cognitive impairment is a risk factor for falls [24,30,31].”
Result
Frailty influences clinical outcomes in critical patients: a post hoc analysis of the PalMuSIC study
Mestre, A. B., Afonso, R., Simões, A. F., Correia, I., & Gonçalves-Pereira, J. (2025) · Critical Care Science · doi:10.62675/2965-2774.20250229 · Cited by 2
Association between frailty, malnutrition, and chronic diseases in community-based patients in Poland
Jankowska‐Polańska, B., Tomasiewicz, A., Polański, J., & Tański, W. (2025) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2025.112850 · Cited by 2
An Investigation into the Effects of Frailty and Sarcopenia on Postoperative Anesthesia Recovery and Complications Among Geriatric Patients Undergoing Colorectal Malignancy Surgery
Özdemir, R., & Yaman, F. (2025) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina61060969 · Cited by 2
“Frailty is a clinically identifiable state of heightened vulnerability resulting from age-related declines in physiological systems and functions, leading to impaired resilience to stressors [16–18].”
Effects of oral hygiene and oral exercise on oral hypofunction in residents of long-term care facilities
Ko, C., Feng, M., Chao, C.-L., Hung, C., Hou, M.-L., Wu, M.-F., & Wu, S.-H. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-05403-4 · Cited by 2
“Participants who exhibit none of three components are classified as robust, whereas those demonstrating one component are considered to be in an intermediate stage of frailty 28 .”
Tolerability of immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancer treatment in frail, older patients
Sheppard, R., Anstey, C., Hanjani, L. S., Ladwa, R., Berry, R., Fletcher, J. A., & Hubbard, R. E. (2025) · Journal of Geriatric Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jgo.2025.102829 · Cited by 2
Old-age Frailty Patterns and Implications for Long-term Care Programmes
Fong, J. H. Y. (2016) · The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance Issues and Practice · doi:10.1057/s41288-016-0006-3 · Cited by 2
An optimized system for mobility evaluation in frailty phenotype assessment
Pierleoni, P., Belli, A., Pinti, F., Paoletti, M., Raggiunto, S., & Palma, L. (2022) · Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing · doi:10.1007/s12652-022-03802-3 · Cited by 2
“Frailty is a condition of increase in vulnerability caused by a cumulative decline in the physiologic systems resulting risk of disability, morbidity, psychological decline, hospitalization, and mortality (Ensrud et al. 2009).”
Development and Validation of Algorithms to Predict Activity, Mobility, and Memory Limitations Using Medicare Claims and Post-Acute Care Assessments
Heins, S. E., Agniel, D. M., Mann, J., & Sorbero, M. E. S. (2023) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/07334648231162613 · Cited by 2
Measurement of Frailty
Perazza, L. R., Avers, D., & Thompson, L. V. (2023) · Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/tgr.0000000000000389 · Cited by 2
Examining frailty phenotypes of community-dwelling older adults in Taiwan using the falls risk for older people in the community – Taiwan version (Tw-FROP-Com)
Tzeng, Y.-M., Kao, S., Chen, W.-L., Chen, S.-F., Li, S.-R., Chiu, Y., Chang, Y.-T., & Chang, Y. (2025) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.206231 · Cited by 2
Overall Approach to the Evaluation and Treatment of Osteoporosis in Men
ORWOLL, E. S. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374602-3.00048-1 · Cited by 2
Self-citation
Relationship between body mass index, handgrip, and cognitive status on frailty status in elderly women
Ngestiningsih, D., Sukmaningtyas, H., Susanto, T. G., & Probosari, E. (2020) · Bali Medical Journal · doi:10.15562/bmj.v9i3.2147 · Cited by 2

Authors: Ensrud, K. E., Ewing, S. K., Cawthon, P. M., Fink, H. A., Taylor, B. C., Cauley, J. A., Dam, T., Marshall, L. M., Orwoll, E. S., Cummings, S. R., & for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Research Group
Affiliations: University of Minnesota (US)
ORCID: Ensrud, Kristine E.
Ewing, Susan K.
Cawthon, Peggy M.
Fink, Howard A.
Taylor, Brent C.
Cauley, Jane A.
Marshall, Lynn M.
Orwoll, Eric S.
Cummings, Steven R.
Venue: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2009-03
Volume: 57
Issue: 3
Pages: 492-498
ISSN: 0002-8614 (ISSN-L)
1532-5415
DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02137.x
PMC: PMC2861353
OpenAlex: W1525398982
Cited by: 636
References: 38
Citations by year: 2026: 19 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 42
FWCI: 24.65
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Institute on Aging (U01-AG-18197, U01AG018197, U01AG027810, U01AG042140)
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (U01AR45614, U01-AR45632, U01 AR45647, U01AR045583, U01 AR-45583, U01-AR-45654, U01AR045580, U01AR045632, U01AR045654, U01AR045614, U01AR045647, U01AR066160, U01AR45580)
National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR024140)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
Keywords: frailty index, older men, falls, disability, fracture, mortality, frailty assessment, instrumental activities of daily living, weight loss, grip strength, energy status, physical activity
MeSH terms: Accidental Falls, Activities of Daily Living, Aged, 80 and over, Disability Evaluation, Follow-Up Studies, Fractures, Spontaneous, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Risk, Weight Loss, Geriatric Assessment, Proportional Hazards Models, Survival Analysis, Frail Elderly, Hand Strength, Mobility Limitation

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

A Comparison of Frailty Indexes for the Prediction of Falls, Disability, Fractures, and Mortality in Older Men

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks