Psalms and Coping with Uncertainty: Religious Israeli Women's Responses to the 2006 Lebanon War
Abstract
Many scholars have argued that rituals serve to help individuals cope with challenges that arise under uncertain conditions. Ongoing research has been examining this claim with data collected on how Israeli women use psalm recitation to cope with the stress of war and terror. Here we compare the efficacy of psalm recitation among religious women who remained in northern Israel during the 2006 Lebanon War and women who relocated to central Israel, out of reach of Hizbollah Katyusha attacks. We show that psalm recitation is associated with lower rates of anxiety among women who remained in the north, but no such relationship was found among women who relocated outside of the warzone. We argue that psalm recitation reduces anxiety caused by the uncontrollable conditions of war but is ineffective at combating more mundane, controllable stressors. These findings will be discussed in light of Malinowski's theory of magic and related models.
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Psalm recitation was associated with lower rates of anxiety in the warzone but not elsewhere.
“The investigators found that Psalm recitation was associated with lower rates of anxiety in the warzone but not elsewhere.”
From Faith after an Earthquake: A Longitudinal Study of Religion and Perceived Health before and after the 2011 Christchurch New Zealand Earthquake (2012) · cites this paper as [49]
Among Israeli women during the 2006 Lebanon War, more frequent psalm recitation was associated with lower anxiety among those in war zones, but not outside war zones.
“They found that among those women who lived in war zones, under threating and uncontrollable conditions, more frequent psalm recitation was associated with lower anxiety levels, whereas that association was not found outside the war zones, where threat levels were lower.”
From The Psychology of Rituals: An Integrative Review and Process-Based Framework (2018) · cites this paper as Sosis and Handwerker, 2011
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“Empirical applications of evolutionary theory have been highly successful in explaining geo-political variation in religion [29,33], regional associations between religion and war [28,34,35], and in clarifying the proximate psychological mechanisms motivating these processes [36,37].”
BackgroundThe Building Blocks of Religious Systems: Approaching Religion as a Complex Adaptive System
Sosis, R. H. (2019) · Springer proceedings in complexity · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-00075-2_19 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationSnodgrass, J. G., Most, D. E., & Upadhyay, C. (2017) · Current Anthropology · doi:10.1086/691212 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
The psychology of rituals: An integrative review and process-based frameworkPreprint
Hobson, N. M., Schroeder, J., Risen, J. L., Xygalatas, D., & Inzlicht, M. (2017) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/98v3f · Cited by 45 · see citing works
The biological origins of rituals: An interdisciplinary perspective
Tonna, M., Marchesi, C., & Parmigiani, S. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.12.031 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“Rather, this phenomenon is particularly evident in collective cultural rituals, which have been consistently described as a “homeostatic” and adaptive response to ecological or social “disordering” threats (Malinowski, 1922; Sosis and Handwerker, 2011).”
The Evolution and Ontogeny of Ritual
Legare, C. H., & Watson‐Jones, R. E. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119125563.evpsych234 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Work group rituals enhance the meaning of work
Kim, T., Sezer, O., Schroeder, J., Risen, J. L., Gino, F., & Norton, M. I. (2021) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2021.05.005 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Evolutionary, Cognitive, and Contextual Approaches to the Study of Religious Systems
Lang, M., & Kundt, R. (2019) · Method & Theory in the Study of Religion · doi:10.1163/15700682-12341466 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“For example, anxiety decrease after performing a specific ritual (e.g., the Lord’s Prayer) can be considered as a phenomenon at the top of the studied mechanistic hierarchy (as hypothesized by, for instance, Malinowski 1948; and Sosis & Handwerker 2011).”
BackgroundProsocial religions as folk-technologies of mutual policing.
Fitouchi, L., Singh, M., André, J., & Baumard, N. (2025) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/rev0000531 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Anxiety and ritualization: Can attention discriminate compulsion from routine?
Krátký, J., Lang, M., Shaver, J. H., Jerotijević, D., & Xygalatas, D. (2016) · Communicative & Integrative Biology · doi:10.1080/19420889.2016.1174799 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“In addition, human rituals can be understood as culturally evolved behavioral responses to ecological or social threats.(9,10) However, in its excessive form, ritual behavior is symptomatic of certain human pathologies, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder and autism spectrum disorder.”
BackgroundThe evolution of human ritual behavior as a cooperative signaling platform
Lang, M., & Kundt, R. (2023) · Religion Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1080/2153599x.2023.2197977 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Rituals, Repetitiveness and Cognitive Load: A Competitive Test of Ritual Benefits for Stress
Karl, J. A., & Fischer, R. (2018) · Human Nature · doi:10.1007/s12110-018-9325-3 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
The Recognition Signal Hypothesis for the Adaptive Evolution of Religion
Matthews, L. J. (2012) · Human Nature · doi:10.1007/s12110-012-9138-8 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Why Sacred Lands Are Not Indivisible: The Cognitive Foundations of Sacralising Land
Sosis, R. H. (2011) · Journal of Terrorism Research · doi:10.15664/jtr.172 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationProximate and ultimate causes of ritual behavior
Tonna, M., Ponzi, D., Palanza, P., Marchesi, C., & Parmigiani, S. (2020) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112772 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Klement, K. R., Lee, E. M., Ambler, J. K., Hanson, S. A., Comber, E. M., Wietting, D., Wagner, M. F., Burns, V. R., Cutler, B., Cutler, N., et al. (2016) · Culture Health & Sexuality · doi:10.1080/13691058.2016.1234648 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Shai, O. (2022) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114769 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Lang, M. (2019) · Archive for the Psychology of Religion · doi:10.1177/0084672419894682 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“…and controlling deities may provide comfort in uncontrollable and threatening situations (Kay et al., 2008; Lazar, 2015; Pieper et al., 2018; Sosis & Handwerker, 2011) and, on the lower mechanistic levels, may be deemed efficacious through magical thinking (Friedland et al., 1992; Lewis &…”
BackgroundGods, games, and the socioecological landscape
Purzycki, B. G., Bendixen, T., Lightner, A. D., & Sosis, R. H. (2022) · Current Research in Ecological and Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cresp.2022.100057 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationvan Tubergen, F., Kosyakova, Y., & Kanas, A. (2023) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2023.102895 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Effects of predictable behavioral patterns on anxiety dynamics
Lang, M., Krátký, J., & Xygalatas, D. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-23885-4 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Ritual exegesis among Mauritian Hindus
Xygalatas, D., & Maňo, P. (2022) · Religion · doi:10.1080/0048721x.2022.2042418 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Turning toward or away from God: COVID-19 and changes in religious devotion
Leonhardt, N. D., Fahmi, S., Stellar, J. E., & Impett, E. A. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0280775 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“In fact, one study specifically showed that psalm recitation was used to cope with uncertainty during a war [45].”
BackgroundThe Social Consequences of Traditional Religion in Contemporary Africa
Rossignol, E. L., Lowes, S., & Nunn, N. (2022) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w29695 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
JOHNSON, D. D. P. (2017) · Religion Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1080/2153599x.2017.1302986 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“For example, as noted earlier, Sosis (2007; Sosis & Handwerker, 2011) found that insecurity increases superstition and religiosity, and even the cult of Santa Muerte in narcocrime-ridden Mexico includes punishments for violating religious obligations.”
BackgroundInfluentialRevolution, Occupation, and Love: The 2011 Year in Cultural Anthropology
Dole, C. (2012) · American Anthropologist · doi:10.1111/j.1548-1433.2012.01421.x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Prayer and Perceptual (and Other) Experiences
Schille-Hudson, E. B., Weisman, K., & Luhrmann, T. M. (2024) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1111/cogs.70029 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Read-Wahidi, M. R., & DeCaro, J. A. (2017) · Medical Anthropology Quarterly · doi:10.1111/maq.12372 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Does poverty predict religion?
Hoverd, W. J., Bulbulia, J. A., & Sibley, C. G. (2013) · Religion Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1080/2153599x.2012.762937 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Sosis and Handwerker (2011) found that women who recited psalms and were close to the battle lines of this conflict experienced lower levels of anxiety than women who recited psalms and had migrated to safety.”
BackgroundWhere the Gods Dwell: a Research Report
Barrett, J. L., Shaw, R. D., Pfeiffer, J., & Grimes, J. (2019) · Journal of Cognition and Culture · doi:10.1163/15685373-12340051 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Anxiety Enhances Recall of Supernatural Agents
Swan, T. B., & Halberstadt, J. B. (2021) · International Journal for the Psychology of Religion · doi:10.1080/10508619.2021.1898808 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Historically, many researchers and theorists have addressed the “puzzle of religious belief” – the fact that such belief is both costly and unsupported by evidence – with motivational answers: people believe in supernatural concepts because the belief fulfills some psychological need (Abdel-Khalek et al., 2019; Elliso…”
BackgroundEvolutionary Perspectives on Religion and Violence
Alcorta, C. S., & Sosis, R. H. (2022) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009238328 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citation“At ‘Amen Meals’ It’s Me and God” Religion and Gender: A New Jewish Women’s Ritual
Shahar, R. N.-B. (2015) · Contemporary Jewry · doi:10.1007/s12397-015-9132-7 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Pantomime as a Foundation for Ritual and Language
GÜRdenfors, P. (2018) · Studia Liturgica · doi:10.1177/00393207180481-204 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Divine Placebo: Health and the Evolution of Religion
Lindenfors, P. (2019) · Human Ecology · doi:10.1007/s10745-019-0066-7 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Or there may be increased life satisfaction through increased opportunities to provide help for others (Sibley and Bulbulia 2014), or better coping during stressful situations (Sosis 2007; Sosis and Handwerker 2011).”
BackgroundWairauch, Y., Siev, J., Hasdai, U., & Dar, R. (2024) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101960 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Rising Security and Religious Decline: Refining and Extending Insecurity Theory
Molteni, F. (2024) · Sociology of Religion · doi:10.1093/socrel/srae004 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Armed Conflict and Religious Adherence Across Countries: A Time Series Analysis
Vicente, N. J. E., Hemmerechts, K., & Kavadias, D. (2021) · Sociology of Religion · doi:10.1093/socrel/srab055 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
God, witchcraft, and beliefs about illness in Mauritius
Willard, A. K., Rosun, N., & de Barra, M. (2024) · Religion Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1080/2153599x.2024.2363748 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“…use religious and ritual practices to cope with the high uncertainty among fishermen in New England (Poggie & Gersuny, 1972), baseball players (Burger & Lynn, 2005; Gmelch, 1992), American and Irish students taking tests (Felson & Gmelch, 1979), and women in a war zone (Sosis & Handwerker, 2011).”
Multifunctional religious systems and perturbed dynamics of psychological wellbeing
Lang, M. (2018) · Religion Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1080/2153599x.2018.1532454 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
On the Importance of African Traditional Religion for Economic BehaviorPreprint
Butinda, L. D., Lameke, A. A., Nunn, N., Posch, M., & Sierra, R. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4512471 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Prayer as collaborative problem solving
Schille-Hudson, E. B., Luhrmann, T. M., & Landy, D. H. (2024) · Religion Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1080/2153599x.2024.2349778 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Some have argued that prayer offers a way to manage inner anxiety as an action that allows people to decrease stress under uncertainty (Sosis & Handwerker, 2011) and a metacognitive process to diminish anxiety (Luhrmann, 2020).”
The Psychology of Rituals: An Integrative Review and Process-Based FrameworkPreprint
Hobson, N. M., Risen, J. L., & Inzlicht, M. (2017) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2944235 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
On the Importance of African Traditional Religion for Economic Behavior
Dunia, L., Lameke, A. A., Nunn, N., et al. (2023) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w31430 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Why people need rituals, especially in times of uncertainty
Xygalatas, D. (2020) · doi:10.64628/aai.xd3aamf6c · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Zhou, L., & Xing, H. (2025) · Religions · doi:10.3390/rel16040521 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Based on their observations of resi‑ dents living in a war zone during the 2006 Lebanon War, Sosis and Handwerker (2011) discovered that chanting rituals were useful in reducing women’s anxiety.”
Material insecurity and religiosity: A causal analysis
Purzycki, B. G., & Bendixen, T. (2024) · Evolutionary Human Sciences · doi:10.1017/ehs.2023.29 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The cognitive science of religion: past, present, and possible futures
White, C., Barrett, J. L., Boyer, P., Lawson, E. T., McCauley, R., & Whitehouse, H. (2025) · Religion Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1080/2153599x.2025.2474404 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Stern, N., & Ben‐Shalom, U. (2020) · Small Wars and Insurgencies · doi:10.1080/09592318.2020.1713530 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Culture, Cognition, and Ritual
Xygalatas, D. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197689783.003.0003 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The effect of Covid-19 emergence on religiosity: Evidence from Singapore
Chvaja, R., Murín, M., & Vorobyev, D. (2024) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.102979 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Resilience and identity: a study of Jewish Lebanese citizens’ experiences and perspectives
Uwaydah, L. (2024) · Journal of Modern Jewish Studies · doi:10.1080/14725886.2023.2294469 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Does gender moderate effects of religion on anxiety among Orthodox and non-Orthodox Jews?
Cherniak, A. D., Pirutinsky, S., & Rosmarin, D. H. (2021) · Mental Health Religion & Culture · doi:10.1080/13674676.2021.1997969 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“…emerge in stressful situations (Lang et al., 2015, 2019), ritual has been shown to reduce anxiety in naturalistic studies (e.g., coping during war; Sosis & Handwerker, 2011) and in experimental studies (Brooks et al., 2016), in both private and group ritual (Bali et al., 2015), and in a variety…”
BackgroundWhite, C., Marin, M., & Fessler, D. M. T. (2022) · Journal of Cognition and Culture · doi:10.1163/15685373-12340135 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Karakai, D., & Hatsko, V. (2024) · Sociology Theory Methods Marketing · doi:10.15407/sociology2024.01.093 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Perceptions of moralizing agents and cooperative behavior in Northeastern Brazil
Soler, M., Purzycki, B. G., & Lang, M. (2022) · Religion Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1080/2153599x.2021.2006285 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“A classic interpretation of this trend is that religious belief and ritual behavior intensify when there is uncertainty or danger (Barber, 2011; Gmelch, 1974; Malinowski, 1948; Sosis & Handwerker, 2011).”
BackgroundExplaining and Solving Practical Problems Supernaturally
Watson‐Jones, R. E., & Legare, C. H. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190693350.013.7 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Aimless Agency: Religious Engagement in an Uncertain World
Cassaniti, J., & Chladek, M. R. (2022) · Ethos · doi:10.1111/etho.12344 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
PENAFSIRAN TEKS MAZMUR 91 YANG BENAR DALAM MEREFLEKSIKAN PERISTIWA PANDEMI COVID-19
Pradipta, D. A. (2020) · Jurnal Gamaliel Teologi Praktika · doi:10.38052/gamaliel.v2i2.53 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
On the Importance of African Traditional Religion for Economic BehaviorPreprint
Butinda, L. D., Lameke, A. A., Nunn, N., Posch, M., & Sierra, R. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4505060 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Influence of Economic Uncertainty and Social Media Use on Religious Belief: Evidence from ChinaPreprint
Gao, S., Xu, X., Tan, M., & Yang, Y. (2024) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0031.v1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Chvaja, R., & Lang, M. (2026) · Religion Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1080/2153599x.2025.2601082 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Gutkowski, S. (2019) · Secular Studies · doi:10.1163/25892525-00101003 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Istomin, K. V., & Vakhtin, N. (2022) · Arctic and Antarctic Research · doi:10.30758/0555-2648-2022-68-4-420-436 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Samore, T., Fessler, D. M. T., Sparks, A. M., Holbrook, C., Aarøe, L., Baeza, C. G., Barbato, M. T., Barclay, P., Berniûnas, R., Contreras-Garduño, J. A., et al. (2024) · Religion Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1080/2153599x.2024.2363757 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Concor-dantly, religious ritual can also serve as an anxiety-reduction mechanism (Lang et al., 2020; Sosis & Handwerker, 2011) that facilitates effective responses to threats and other challenges (e.g., Pollack et al., 2018).”
Snodgrass, J. G. (2015) · doi:10.4324/9781315428055-19 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Gordon-Lennox, J. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-81534-9_1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Conflict intensity in the region of birth increases religiosity among refugeesPreprint
van Tubergen, F., Kosyakova, Y., & Kanas, A. (2022) · doi:10.31235/osf.io/36srd · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Reinterpreting the archaeological evidence: rituals as practical and specialized interventions
Lightner, A. D. (2023) · Religion Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1080/2153599x.2023.2197982 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“…multiple contexts (e.g., activities that are sometimes private and sometimes public), and rituals with multiple uses are also applicable beyond medicine (e.g., self-signaling and prayer as ways of coping with contamination and/or social hazards; Lienard & Boyer, 2006; Sosis & Handwerker, 2011).”
An anthropologist explains why we love holiday rituals and traditions
Xygalatas, D. (2017) · doi:10.64628/aai.ttxr6ahwf · Cited by 1 · see citing works
"I Shall not Fear:" Secure Attachment to G-d as a Buffer against Anxiety
Agishtein, P. (2015) · CUNY Academic Works (City University of New York)
BREVE ESTUDO INTERDISCIPLINAR ACERCA DA EVOLUÇÃO, ONTOGENIA E COGNIÇÃO DO COMPORTAMENTO RITUAL
Silva, T. M. M., & dos Santos, L. S. (2018) · CSOnline - REVISTA ELETRÔNICA DE CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS · doi:10.34019/1981-2140.2017.17440
Pantomime Als Grundlage Für Ritual Und Sprache
Gärdenfors, P. (2018) · Studia Liturgica · doi:10.1177/00393207180481-203
Farley, N. (2015) · UWM Digital Commons (University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee)
Lewis, M. (2020) · Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago)
Niczyporuk, A. (2020) · Studies in Logic Grammar and Rhetoric · doi:10.2478/slgr-2020-0019
“One correlational and one experimental study showed that relatively simple tasks of reading psalms (Sosis & Handwerker, 2011) or reciting the rosary (Anastasi & Newberg, 2008) lowered the anxiety levels.”
Background(Non)automaticity of ritualized behavior
Niczyporuk, A. (2022) · Religion Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1080/2153599x.2022.2084444
“Unlike the abovementioned studies, which used artificial RB, research of Sosis and Handwerker (2011) and Anastasi and Newberg (2008) explored anxiolytic effects of authentic religious rituals.”
BackgroundInfluentialOn the Importance of African Traditional Religion for Economic BehaviorPreprint
Butinda, L. D., Lameke, A. A., Nunn, N., Posch, M., & Sierra, R. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4507547
Graham, A., & Mišić, B. (2024) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009355513.001
Gambolò, L., Donna, A. D., Ottoni, R., Parmigiani, S., Marchesi, C., & Tonna, M. (2025) · Brain Science · doi:10.3390/brainsci15060552 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“This mechanism would explain the performance of highly repetitive motor patterns in response to changing environments in ethological accounts [33,75], as it allows to realign behavioral output to environmental mismatch [15].”
Living Text: The Multiple Lives of Tehillim in Contemporary Jewish Practice
Guzmen-Carmeli, S., & Werczberger, R. (2026) · Contemporary Jewry · doi:10.1007/s12397-026-09737-7
“As Sosis (2007; see also Sosis and Handwerker 2011) observes, in such contexts, the symbolic–textual meanings of Tehillim merge with its religio-magical materiality, creating a powerful sense of comfort, security, and spiritual anchoring.”
Cognitive computations underlying ritual performance and persistence
Lang, M., Borhani, K., Růžičková, A., Klocová, E. K., & Chvaja, R. (2026) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2026.04.009
Once More, with Feeling: The Ubiquity of Religious Ritual in Meaning-Making
Edman, L. R. O., Pahl, C., & Edman, S. O. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-09479-7_4
Acting under uncertainty: Prediction, contingency, and the function of magic
Sørensen, J. (2026) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2026.106941
‘How can you not fast?’: religiosity among Crimean Tatars in post-2014 Crimea
Muratova, E. S. (2026) · Religion State & Society · doi:10.1080/09637494.2026.2725961
- Authors
- Sosis, R., & Handwerker, W. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Connecticut (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sosis, Richard
- Handwerker, W. Penn
- ORCID
- Sosis, Richard
- Venue
- American Anthropologist
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-02-15
- Volume
- 113
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 40-55
- ISSN
- 0002-7294 (ISSN-L)
- 1548-1433
- OpenAlex
- W2132018863
- Semantic Scholar
- 1f2fff6ddb6ec4fb112f2087760073ce757e85ae
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 112
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Anthropologist (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Keywords
- religious women, 2006 Lebanon War, coping with uncertainty, anxiety, ritual, relocation, combat stress, magic, Bronislaw Malinowski, Israeli women
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