The DOI matches its Crossref record; 58 of the 58 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Competitive Learning: From Interactive Activation to Adaptive Resonance
Abstract
Functional and mechanistic comparisons are made between several network models of cognitive processing: competitive learning, interactive activation, adaptive resonance, and back propagation. The starting point of this comparison is the article of Rumelhart and Zipser (1985) on feature discovery through competitive learning. All the models which Rumelhart and Zipser (1985) have described were shown in Grossberg (1976b) to exhibit a type of learning which is temporally unstable. Competitive learning mechanisms can be stabilized in response to an arbitrary input environment by being supplemented with mechanisms for learning top‐down expectancies, or templates; for matching bottom‐up input patterns with the top‐down expectancies; and for releasing orienting reactions in a mismatch situation, thereby updating short‐term memory and searching for another internal representation. Network architectures which embody all of these mechanisms were called adaptive resonance models by Grossberg (1976c). Self‐stabilizing learning models are candidates for use in real‐world applications where unpredictable changes can occur in complex input environments. Competitive learning postulates are inconsistent with the postulates of the interactive activation model of McClelland and Rumelhart (1981), and suggest different levels of processing and interaction rules for the analysis of word recognition. Adaptive resonance models use these alternative levels and interaction rules. The self‐organizing learning of an adaptive resonance model is compared and contrasted with the teacher‐directed learning of a back propagation model. A number of criteria for evaluating real‐time network models of cognitive processing are described and applied.
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“Unsupervised learning algorithms, such as implemented in Self-Organizing Maps (e.g., Kohonen, 1982; Dufau et al., 2010) or Adaptive Resonance Theory (e.g., Grossberg, 1987; Glotin et al., 2010), provide specific mechanisms for performing orthographic chunking on the basis of a parallel letter input.”
From A Dual-Route Approach to Orthographic Processing (2011) · cites this paper as Grossberg, 1987
In the citing paper
“Action regulation in the pursuit of goals and plans faces a basic dilemma: It must be sufficiently stable and closed to stay focused on the goal and resist distractive influences; at the same time, it has to be open and flexible enough so that plans and priorities can be adjusted to new and unexpected circumstances.”
From The Life-Course Dynamics of Goal Pursuit and Goal Adjustment: A Two-Process Framework (2002) · cites this paper as Grossberg, 1987
Citations
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Self-citation
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Metadata
- Authors
- Grossberg, S.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Grossberg, Stephen
- ORCID
- Grossberg, Stephen
- Venue
- Cognitive Science
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1987-01-03
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 23-63
- ISSN
- 0364-0213 (ISSN-L)
- 1551-6709
- OpenAlex
- W2159110831
- Cited by
- 1,471
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 71.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cognitive Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Neural Networks and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Cognitive Science and Education Research
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Cognitive Computing and Networks
- Keywords
- competitive learning, adaptive resonance theory, interactive activation model, backpropagation, feature discovery, short-term memory, word recognition, levels of processing, cognitive processing models
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