Cited by 670Social Robot Interaction and HRIMedia, Gender, and AdvertisingSocial and Intergroup Psychology

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Are Machines Gender Neutral? Gender‐Stereotypic Responses to Computers With Voices

Nass, Clifford, Moon, Youngme, Green, Nancy·1997·Journal of Applied Social Psychology

DOI 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1997.tb00275.x

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Abstract

This study tested whether computers embedded with the most minimal gender cues will evoke gender‐based stereotypic responses. Using an experimental paradigm (N = 40) that involved computers with voice output, the study tested 3 gender‐based stereotypes under conditions in which all suggestions of gender were removed, with the sole exception of vocal cues. In all 3 cases, gender‐stereotypic responses were obtained. Because the experimental manipulation involved no deception regarding the source of the voices. this study presents evidence that the tendency to gender stereotype is extremely powerful, extending even to stereotyping of machines.

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Authors: Nass, C., Moon, Y., & Green, N.
Affiliations: Stanford University (US)
Corresponding author: Nass, Clifford
ORCID: Green, Nancy
Venue: Journal of Applied Social Psychology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 1997-05
Volume: 27
Issue: 10
Pages: 864-876
ISSN: 0021-9029 (ISSN-L)
1559-1816
DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1997.tb00275.x
OpenAlex: W2094409166
Cited by: 670
References: 13
Citations by year: 2026: 45 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 60 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 10.67
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 3378 d)
Locations: Journal of Applied Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Robot Interaction and HRI
Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Media, Gender, and Advertising
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Keywords: gender stereotypes, vocal cues, gender cues, speech output

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Are Machines Gender Neutral? Gender‐Stereotypic Responses to Computers With Voices

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