The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
12‐Month comorbidity patterns and associated factors in Europe: results from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project
Abstract
Objective: Comorbidity patterns of 12‐month mood, anxiety and alcohol disorders and socio‐demographic factors associated with comorbidity were studied among the general population of six European countries. Method: Data were derived from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD), a cross‐sectional psychiatric epidemiological study in a representative sample of adults aged 18 years or older in Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain. The diagnostic instrument used was the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH‐CIDI). Data are based on 21 425 completed interviews. Results: In general, high associations were found within the separate anxiety disorders and between mood and anxiety disorders. Lowest comorbidity associations were found for specific phobia and alcohol abuse—the disorders with the least functional disabilities. Comorbidity patterns were consistent cross‐nationally. Associated factors for comorbidity of mood and anxiety disorders were female gender, younger age, lower educational level, higher degree of urbanicity, not living with a partner and unemployment. Only younger people were at greater risk for comorbidity of alcohol disorder with mood, anxiety disorders or both. Conclusion: High levels of comorbidity are found in the general population. Comorbidity is more common in specific groups. To reduce psychiatric burden, early intervention in populations with a primary disorder is important to prevent comorbidity.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Conversely, among individuals with a lifetime drug use disorder, 28.3% also had an anxiety disorder, 26.4% had a mood disorder, and 6.8% had schizophrenia.”
From Substance use disorders: a comprehensive update of classification, epidemiology, neurobiology, clinical aspects, treatment and prevention (2023) · cites this paper as [125]
In the citing paper
“and that in persons with panic disorder was 35.8% (OR=2.9) 125 .”
From Substance use disorders: a comprehensive update of classification, epidemiology, neurobiology, clinical aspects, treatment and prevention (2023) · cites this paper as [125]
In the citing paper
“Analogous findings have been docu mented in other US large epidemiological studies, including the National Comorbidity Survey 126 and the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions 126,127 , as well as in stud ies from other countries 125- 128 .”
From Substance use disorders: a comprehensive update of classification, epidemiology, neurobiology, clinical aspects, treatment and prevention (2023) · cites this paper as [125]
In the citing paper
“that in people with schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder was 47.0% (OR=4.6)”
From Substance use disorders: a comprehensive update of classification, epidemiology, neurobiology, clinical aspects, treatment and prevention (2023) · cites this paper as [125]
In the citing paper
“prevalence of SUDs in individuals with a lifetime diagnosis of bi polar disorder was 56.1% (odds ratio, OR=6.6)”
From Substance use disorders: a comprehensive update of classification, epidemiology, neurobiology, clinical aspects, treatment and prevention (2023) · cites this paper as [125]
Citations
Cites
Kessler, R. C. (1994) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002 · Cited by 12,370
Self-citationWittchen, H.-U. (1994) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(94)90036-1 · Cited by 2,348
Kessler, R. C. (1997) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830160031005 · Cited by 2,085
Self-citationThe Structure of Common Mental Disorders
Krueger, R. F. (1999) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.10.921 · Cited by 1,881
The ESEMeD/MHEDEA 2000 Investigators, Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M. C., Bernert, S., Bruffaerts, R., Brugha, T. S., Bryson, H., de Girolamo, G., de Graaf, R., Demyttenaere, K., et al. (2004) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0047.2004.00327.x · Cited by 1,825
Self-citation(1994) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.151.7.979 · Cited by 1,485 · cited 1×
“Comorbid disorders have different risk-factor profiles compared with pure disorders (12, 13).”
BackgroundSelf-citationWittchen, H.-U., Robins, L. N., Cottler, L. B., Sartorius, N., Burke, J. D., Regier, D., & Trials, P. I. T. M. W. F. (1991) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.159.5.645 · Cited by 833
Comorbidity of substance use disorders with mood and anxiety disorders
Merikangas, K. R., Mehta, R. L., Molnar, B. E., Walters, E. E., Swendsen, J. D., Aguilar‐Gaxiola, S., Bijl, R. V., Borges, G. L. G., Caraveo-Anduaga, J. J., DeWit, D. J., et al. (1998) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/s0306-4603(98)00076-8 · Cited by 747
Self-citationRoy-Byrne, P. P., Stang, P., Wittchen, H.-U., Ustun, B., Walters, E. E., & Kessler, R. C. (2000) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.176.3.229 · Cited by 446
Self-citationde Graaf, R., Bijl, R. V., Smit, F., Vollebergh, W., & Spijker, J. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.4.620 · Cited by 391
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Ravelli A, 1998, Comorbiditeit van psychiatrische stoornissen in de Nederlandse bevolking; resultaten van de Nederlandse Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS), Tijdschr Psychiatrie, 40, 531
- Wacker HR, 1990, Psychiatry: a world perspective
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–242 of 242
Gli eventi psichiatrici in corso di epilessia
Beghi, M., Cerri, C., Clerici, M., Santambrogio, J., Perin, C., & Cornaggia, C. (2010) · Quaderni Italiani di Psichiatria · doi:10.1016/j.quip.2010.03.001 · Cited by 2
Briffault, X., Morvan, Y., Rouillon, F., Dardennes, R. M., & Lamboy, B. (2010) · Cited by 2
Troubles dépressifs en soins primaires : caractéristiques cliniques et sociodémographiques
Oneib, B., Sabir, M., Otheman, Y., & Ouanass, A. (2018) · Revue d Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique · doi:10.1016/j.respe.2018.03.366 · Cited by 2
Functional and Work Disability and Treatment Received by Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
Rytsälä, H. J. (2006) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja · Cited by 2
Karimi, M., Rahnejat, A. M., Dabaghi, P., Taghva, A., Majdian, M., Donyavi, V., & Ghadam, H. S. H. (2020) · مجله طب جانباز · doi:10.29252/ijwph.12.2.115 · Cited by 1
Ventriglio, A., Gaggiano, C., Ricci, F., Giallanella, D., Luciano, M., Sampogna, G., Rocca, B. D., Vincenzo, M. D., Fiorillo, A., & Bellomo, A. (2024) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540261.2024.2410836 · Cited by 1
“%) being the most frequent diagnoses (Alonso et al., 2004).”
Impact de l’état de stress post-traumatisme sur le discours, via une approche psycholinguistique
Gindt, M., Mayaffre, D., Garcia, R., & Chanquoy, L. (2013) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2013.09.124 · Cited by 1
Фусу, Л. И. (2013) · Психология и Психотехника · doi:10.7256/2070-8955.2013.6.6985 · Cited by 1
Anxiety disorders in elderly in primary care of Primorsko-goranska County
Kresina, H. G., Kresina, S., Babić, S. G., Rončević, D., Dadić-Hero, E., Ružić, K., & Sarilar, M. (2013) · Hrčak Portal of scientific journals of Croatia (University Computing Centre) · Cited by 1
Green, K. M., Reboussin, B. A., Storr, C. L., Mojtabai, R., Susukida, R., Young, A. S., Cullen, B., Luken, A., Amin‐Esmaeili, M., & Crum, R. M. (2022) · Addictive Behaviors Reports · doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2022.100410 · Cited by 1
Benfield, R. D., Dingley, C., Reyes, A. T., Serafica, R. C., & Brown, A. (2025) · Canadian Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/08445621241309148 · Cited by 1
Correlates of comorbid mental disorders in a regional community‐based sample
Heathcote, K., Kelly, B. J., Earnest, A., & Beard, J. (2009) · Australian Journal of Rural Health · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1584.2009.01088.x · Cited by 1
Dantchev, N., Tcherny‐Lessenot, S., Picard, H., Baraille, L., & Quail, D. (2012) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/j.encep.2012.06.006 · Cited by 1
Depressieve stoornis bij Belgische eerstejaarsstudenten
D'Hulst, A., Bootsma, E., Kiekens, G., Auerbach, R. P., Cuijpers, P. J., Demyttenaere, K., Ebert, D. D., Green, J. G., Kessler, R. C., Mortier, P., et al. (2022) · JGZ Tijdschrift voor jeugdgezondheidszorg · doi:10.1007/s12452-021-00265-4 · Cited by 2
Self-citationOptimizing care for patients surgically treated for severe peritonitis
Boer, K. R. (2007) · UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) · Cited by 1
Stratton, K. J., Amstadter, A. B., Aggen, S. H., Knudsen, G. P., Reichborn‐Kjennerud, T., & Kendler, K. S. (2012) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e533652013-198 · Cited by 1
Psychiatric Disorders, utilization of mental health services and psychoactive substance use
Encrenaz, G., & MESSIAH, A. (2006) · OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique) · Cited by 1
Posttraumatic Stress and Acute Stress Disorders
Powers, M. B., Nayak, N., Cahill, S. P., & Foa, E. B. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118156391.ebcp002014
Almansa, J. (2011) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas)
Self-citationGale, C. K., & Davidson, O. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.a1241
“It is common for people with anxiety disorders to self medicate with alcohol around known triggers; it is equally common for people with chronic untreated anxiety disorders to be depressed and tired. In community surveys, 49-78% of people with a social phobia have a concurrent mood disorder or a second anxiety disorder”
BackgroundArdito, D., Bernardini, M., D'Onofrio, C., Gentilezza, S., Ierace, S., Meini, S., Onnis, L., Pallucchini, A., & Patruno, C. (2014) · PSICOBIETTIVO · doi:10.3280/psob2014-002006
The embarrassed brain : towards a neurobiology of generalized socal anxiety disorder
van Veen, & Frederieke, J. (2010)
SOCIAL PHOBIA: EPIDEMIOLOGY AND HEALTH CARE EPIDEMIOLOGIE UND VERSORGUNG DER SOZIALPHOBIE
Wancata, J., Fridl, M., & Friedrich, F. (2009) · University of Zagreb University Computing Centre (SRCE)
Alejandra, P., Martínez, S., Treviño, L. J., Mesa, D., García‐Portilla, M. P., González, P. M., Al‐Halabí, S., Szerman, N., Bobes, J., & Ruiz, P. (2014)
Knutli, M. (2014) · BIBSYS Brage (BIBSYS (Norway))
Mental–Physical Comorbidity and Predicted Mortality
Burger, H. (2009) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511770531.028
Rumination, worry, and drinking behaviors in college students : a mediation analysis.
Black, S. (2016) · doi:10.18297/etd/2527
“Summarized, there appears to be a positive association between GAD and alcohol consumption and problems (Alonso et al., 2004; Grant et al., 2004; Kaplow et al., 2001; Litt et al., 2013), and PBS mediates the association between these constructs (Litt et al., 2013).”
BackgroundPrevalence and Other Correlates of Ever Smoking in Saudi Arabia: Results of a National Survey
Abuzaid, L. Z., & Abdalla, A. M. (2016) · Journal of High Institute of Public Health · doi:10.21608/jhiph.2016.20223
“, found that the prevalence and incidence of depressive symptoms are higher among individuals with less education (18) .”
BackgroundAshari, N. S. M., Yasin, M. A. M., Sanusi, S. N. F. M., & Shafei, M. N. (2019) · International Journal of Human and Health Sciences (IJHHS) · doi:10.31344/ijhhs.v3i2.80
Clinical, Cognitive, and Sociodemographic Variables in Melancholic Versus Nonmelancholic Depression
Sameed, S., Panicker, M. J., Mendonsa, R. D., Kakunje, A., & Karkal, R. (2020) · Asian Journal of Social Health and Behavior · doi:10.4103/shb.shb_28_20
Kessler, R. C., de Jonge, P., Huang, Y., McGrath, J. J., Karam, E. G., & Scott, K. M. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781107445130.007
Self-citation(2006) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470041000.cedt080
Prevalencia de ansiedad y depresión en pacientes EPOC
Otero, E. B. (2021) · Gredos (University of Salamanca) · doi:10.14201/gredos.148549
(2005) · Evidence-Based Mental Health · doi:10.1136/ebmh.8.1.3
Anxiety Management in Developing Countries
Akel, M., Fahs, I., Safwan, J., Hajj, A., & Sacre, H. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-74786-2_41-1
Arvanitidou, O., Dalakoura, D., & Daniilidis, A. (2022) · PubMed Central
Influencing panic : experimental and clinical studies into determinants of panic severity
Knuts, I. (2015) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20150527ik
(2007) · PubMed · Cited by 184
Self-citation(2012) · Papeles del Psicólogo - Psychologist Papers · Cited by 17
Metadata
- Authors
- The ESEMeD/MHEDEA 2000 investigators, Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M. C., Bernert, S., Bruffaerts, R., Brugha, T. S., Bryson, H., de Girolamo, G., de Graaf, R., Demyttenaere, K., Gasquet, I., Haro, J. M., Katz, S. J., Kessler, R. C., Kovess, V., Lépine, J. P., Ormel, J., Polidori, G., Russo, L. J., Vilagut, G., Almansa, J., Arbabzadeh‐Bouchez, S., Autonell, J., Bernal, M., Buist‐Bouwman, M. A., Codony, M., Domingo‐Salvany, A., Ferrer, M., Joo, S. S., Martínez‐Alonso, M., Matschinger, H., Mazzi, F., Morgan, Z., Morosini, P., Palacín, C., Romera, B., Taub, N., & Vollebergh, W. A. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Leicester (GB)
- Leipzig University (DE)
- KU Leuven (BE)
- GlaxoSmithKline (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli (IT)
- Hôpital Paul-Brousse (FR)
- Universitat de Barcelona (ES)
- Harvard University (US)
- Mutuelle Générale de l'Éducation Nationale (FR)
- University of Groningen (NL)
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità (IT)
- Institut Municipal d'Assistència Sanitària (ES)
- Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (FR)
- Trimbos Institute (NL)
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (IT)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-06
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- s420
- Pages
- 28-37
- ISSN
- 0001-690X (ISSN-L)
- 1600-0447
- OpenAlex
- W1978533844
- Cited by
- 242
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 21.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Leicester Research Archive (University of Leicester) (submittedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- GlaxoSmithKline
- European Commission
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- psychiatric comorbidity, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, alcoholism, specific phobia, alcohol abuse, sociodemographic risk factors, cross-national comparison, mental health burden, early intervention
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Alcoholism, Anxiety, Cross-Sectional Studies, Demography, Europe, Female, Humans, International Cooperation, Male, Middle Aged, Psychology, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Mood Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
