The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Experience sampling research in individuals with mental illness: reflections and guidance
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The experience sampling method (ESM) represents a valuable way of assessing clinical phenomena in real world settings and across time. Despite its theoretical advantages, using this methodology in psychiatric populations is challenging. This paper acts as a guide to researchers wishing to employ this approach when investigating mental illness. METHOD: The contents represent the opinions of researchers around the United Kingdom and the Netherlands who are experienced at using the ESM. RESULTS: In ESM studies, participants are required to fill in questions about their current thoughts, feelings and experiences when prompted by an electronic device (e.g. a wristwatch, PDA). Entries are typically made at fixed or random intervals over 6 days. This article outlines how to design and validate an ESM diary. We then discuss which sampling procedure to use and how to increase compliance through effective briefing and telephone sessions. Debriefing, data management and analytical issues are considered, before suggestions for future clinical uses of the ESM are made. CONCLUSION: The last decade has seen an increase in the number of studies employing the ESM in clinical research. Further research is needed to examine the optimal equipment and procedure for different clinical groups.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“first and foremost due to the possibility that AA provides of capturing data in real time, thus grasping contextual aspects from naturalistic settings that laboratory-based assessment does not allow for [7,8].”
From Studies of Social Anxiety Using Ambulatory Assessment: Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [8]
Citations
Cites
Data Analysis Using Regression and Multilevel/Hierarchical Models
Gelman, A., & Hill, J. (2006) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511790942 · Cited by 13,597
Diary Methods: Capturing Life as it is Lived
Bolger, N., Davis, A., & Rafaeli, E. (2003) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145030 · Cited by 3,843
Validity and reliability of the Experience-Sampling Method
CSIKSZENTMIHALYI, M., & LARSON, R. (1987) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-198709000-00004 · Cited by 2,544
Ecological Momentary Assessment (Ema) in Behavioral Medicine
Stone, A. A., & Shiffman, S. (1994) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/16.3.199 · Cited by 1,931
Experience Sampling Method: Measuring the Quality of Everyday Life
Hektner, J. M., Schmidt, J. A., & Csíkszentmihályi, M. (2006) · Cited by 1,239
Hektner, J., Schmidt, J., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2007) · doi:10.4135/9781412984201 · Cited by 1,174
Patient compliance with paper and electronic diaries
Stone, A. A., Shiffman, S., Schwartz, J. E., Broderick, J. E., & Hufford, M. R. (2003) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/s0197-2456(02)00320-3 · Cited by 910
Experience Sampling: Promises and Pitfalls, Strengths and Weaknesses
Scollon, C. N., Kim‐Prieto, C., & Diener, E. (2003) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1023/a:1023605205115 · Cited by 827
Experience sampling research in psychopathology: opening the black box of daily life
Myin-Germeys, I., Oorschot, M., Collip, D., Lataster, J., Delespaul, P., & van Os, J. (2009) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291708004947 · Cited by 817
Self-citationPatient non-compliance with paper diaries
Stone, A. A., Shiffman, S., Schwartz, J. E., Broderick, J. E., & Hufford, M. R. (2002) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7347.1193 · Cited by 810
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Stone, 2007, The science of real-time data capture, 10.1093/oso/9780195178715.001.0001 · DOI · Paper page
- Schwartz, 2007, The science of real-time data capture
- Snijders, 1999, Multilevel analysis: an introduction to basic and advanced multilevel modelling
- Rabe-Hesketh, 2009, Multilevel and longitudinal modelling using Stata
- Barge-Schaapveld, 2002, Effects of anti-depressant treatment on quality of daily life: an experience sampling study, J Clin Psychol, 63, 477
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Experience sampling methodology in mental health research: new insights and technical developments.
Myin‐Germeys, I., Kasanova, Z., Vaessen, T., Vachon, H., Kirtley, O., Viechtbauer, W., & Reininghaus, U. (2018) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20513 · Cited by 709
Self-citationTrull, T. J., & Ebner-Priemer, U. (2013) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185510 · Cited by 761
Trull, T. J., & Ebner‐Priemer, U. (2019) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000473 · Cited by 383
Reininghaus, U., Kempton, M. J., Valmaggia, L., Craig, T. K. J., Garety, P., Onyejiaka, A., Gayer-Anderson, C., So, S. H., Hubbard, K., Beards, S., et al. (2016) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbv190 · Cited by 304
Self-citationKraiss, J. T., ten Klooster, P. M., Moskowitz, J. T., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2020) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152189 · Cited by 252
“Recent trends within psychological assessment emphasize the potential of experience sampling and ecological momentary assessment methods [97,98].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Palmier-Claus, J. E., Myin-Germeys, I., Barkus, E., Bentley, L., Udachina, A., Delespaul, P. A. E. G., Lewis, S. W., & Dunn, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Wollongong (AU)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Bangor University (GB)
- Maastricht University (NL)
- Venue
- Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-08-16
- Volume
- 123
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 12-20
- ISSN
- 0001-690X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2168270240
- Cited by
- 287
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 12.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion)
- Research Online (University of Wollongong) (submittedVersion)
- Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) (submittedVersion)
- Lirias (submittedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- Universiteit Maastricht
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Keywords
- ecological momentary assessment, mental illness, psychiatric populations, sampling methods, participant compliance, debriefing, data management, clinical research methodology
- MeSH terms
- Mental Disorders, Clinical Protocols, Computing Methodologies, United Kingdom, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Netherlands, Research Design, Sampling Studies, Social Environment, Guidelines as Topic, Patient Selection, Guideline Adherence, Persons with Psychiatric Disorders, Behavioral Research
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
