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Experience sampling research in individuals with mental illness: reflections and guidance
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The experience sampling method (ESM) represents a valuable way of assessing clinical phenomena in real world settings and across time. Despite its theoretical advantages, using this methodology in psychiatric populations is challenging. This paper acts as a guide to researchers wishing to employ this approach when investigating mental illness. METHOD: The contents represent the opinions of researchers around the United Kingdom and the Netherlands who are experienced at using the ESM. RESULTS: In ESM studies, participants are required to fill in questions about their current thoughts, feelings and experiences when prompted by an electronic device (e.g. a wristwatch, PDA). Entries are typically made at fixed or random intervals over 6 days. This article outlines how to design and validate an ESM diary. We then discuss which sampling procedure to use and how to increase compliance through effective briefing and telephone sessions. Debriefing, data management and analytical issues are considered, before suggestions for future clinical uses of the ESM are made. CONCLUSION: The last decade has seen an increase in the number of studies employing the ESM in clinical research. Further research is needed to examine the optimal equipment and procedure for different clinical groups.
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“first and foremost due to the possibility that AA provides of capturing data in real time, thus grasping contextual aspects from naturalistic settings that laboratory-based assessment does not allow for [7,8].”
From Studies of Social Anxiety Using Ambulatory Assessment: Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [8]
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“Recent trends within psychological assessment emphasize the potential of experience sampling and ecological momentary assessment methods [97,98].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Palmier-Claus, J. E., Myin-Germeys, I., Barkus, E., Bentley, L., Udachina, A., Delespaul, P. A. E. G., Lewis, S. W., & Dunn, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Wollongong (AU)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Bangor University (GB)
- Maastricht University (NL)
- Venue
- Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-08-16
- Volume
- 123
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 12-20
- ISSN
- 0001-690X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2168270240
- Cited by
- 287
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 12.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion)
- Research Online (University of Wollongong) (submittedVersion)
- Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) (submittedVersion)
- Lirias (submittedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- Universiteit Maastricht
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Keywords
- ecological momentary assessment, mental illness, psychiatric populations, sampling methods, participant compliance, debriefing, data management, clinical research methodology
- MeSH terms
- Mental Disorders, Clinical Protocols, Computing Methodologies, United Kingdom, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Netherlands, Research Design, Sampling Studies, Social Environment, Guidelines as Topic, Patient Selection, Guideline Adherence, Persons with Psychiatric Disorders, Behavioral Research
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