Cited by 167Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentMental Health Treatment and Access

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The natural course of social anxiety disorder among adolescents and young adults

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Beesdo‐Baum, K., Knappe, S., Fehm, L., Höfler, M., Lieb, R., Hofmann, S. G., Wittchen, H.‐U.·2012·Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica

DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2012.01886.x

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Abstract

Beesdo‐Baum K, Knappe S, Fehm L, Höfler M, Lieb R, Hofmann SG, Wittchen H‐U. The natural course of social anxiety disorder among adolescents and young adults. Objective: To examine the natural course of social anxiety disorder (SAD) in the community and to explore predictors for adverse long‐term outcomes. Method: A community sample of N = 3021 subjects aged 14–24 was followed‐up over 10 years using the DSM‐IV/M‐CIDI. Persistence of SAD is based on a composite score reflecting the proportion of years affected since onset. Diagnostic stability is the proportion of SAD subjects still affected at follow‐up. Results: SAD reveals considerable persistence with more than half of the years observed since onset spent with symptoms. 56.7% of SAD cases revealed stability with at least symptomatic expressions at follow‐up; 15.5% met SAD threshold criteria again. 15.1% were completely remitted (no SAD symptoms and no other mental disorders during follow‐up). Several clinical features (early onset, generalized subtype, more anxiety cognitions, severe avoidance and impairment, co‐occurring panic) and vulnerability characteristics (parental SAD and depression, behavioural inhibition, harm avoidance) predicted higher SAD persistence and – less impressively – diagnostic stability. Conclusion: A persistent course with a considerable degree of fluctuations in symptom severity is characteristic for SAD. Both consistently meeting full threshold diagnostic criteria and complete remissions are rare. Vulnerability and clinical severity indicators predict poor prognosis and might be helpful markers for intervention needs.

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Authors: Beesdo‐Baum, K., Knappe, S., Fehm, L., Höfler, M., Lieb, R., Hofmann, S. G., & Wittchen, H. ‐.
Affiliations: Technische Universität Dresden (DE)
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (DE)
University of Basel (CH)
Boston University (US)
Corresponding author: Beesdo‐Baum, K.
ORCID: Beesdo‐Baum, K.
Knappe, S.
Fehm, L.
Höfler, M.
Lieb, R.
Hofmann, S. G.
Venue: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2012-05-26
Volume: 126
Issue: 6
Pages: 411-425
ISSN: 0001-690X (ISSN-L)
1600-0447
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2012.01886.x
OpenAlex: W1602079716
Cited by: 167
References: 69
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 9.00
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
tud.qucosa.de
Licence: other-oa
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
Qucosa (Saxon State and University Library Dresden) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords: social anxiety disorder, natural course, adolescents, young adults, symptom persistence, diagnostic stability, remission, early onset, generalized social anxiety, avoidance, impairment, parental depression, behavioral inhibition, harm avoidance, vulnerability factors, prognosis
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Phobic Disorders, Registries, Severity of Illness Index, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Young Adult

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The natural course of social anxiety disorder among adolescents and young adults

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