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Cited by 693Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentBullying, Victimization, and Aggression

The etiology of social phobia: empirical evidence and an initial model

Rapee, Ronald M., Spence, Susan H.·2004·Clinical Psychology Review
DOI 10.1016/j.cpr.2004.06.004
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Abstract

Research into the etiology of social phobia has lagged far behind that of descriptive and maintaining factors. The current paper reviews data from a variety of sources that have some bearing on questions of the origins of social fears. Areas examined include genetic factors, temperament, childrearing, negative life events, and adverse social experiences. Epidemiological data are examined in detail and factors associated with social phobia such as cognitive distortions and social skills are also covered. The paper concludes with an initial model that draws together some of the current findings and aims to provide a platform for future research directions.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.cpr.2004.06.004

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  • Parenting styles associated with overcontrol or overprotection, exposure to adverse social experiences with peers, such as bullying, social ostracism, or peer victimization, early relational traumatic experiences, and strong societal expectations to adhere to strict cultural norms contribute to the development of social anxiety and may also play a maintaining role.

    “For instance, parenting styles associated with overcontrol or overprotection (152–154), exposure to adverse social experiences with peers, such as bullying, social ostracism, or peer victimization (152, 155, 156), early relational traumatic experiences (154, 157, 158) and strong societal expectations to adhere to strict cultural norms (159) contribute to the development of social anxiety and may”

    From MDMA-Assisted Therapy as a Means to Alter Affective, Cognitive, Behavioral, and Neurological Systems Underlying Social Dysfunction in Social Anxiety Disorder (2021) · cites this paper as [152]

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Authors
Rapee, R. M., & Spence, S. H.
Affiliations
  • Macquarie University (AU)
  • The University of Queensland (AU)
Corresponding author
Rapee, Ronald M.
ORCID
Venue
Clinical Psychology Review
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2004-11
Volume
24
Issue
7
Pages
737-767
ISSN
0272-7358 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.cpr.2004.06.004
OpenAlex
W2032980834
Cited by
693
References
195
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 40 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 34
FWCI
2.91
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Clinical Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
Keywords
social anxiety disorder, etiology, genetic factors, temperament, parenting, negative life events, cognitive distortions, social skills
MeSH terms
Anxiety, Culture, Female, Humans, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Phobic Disorders, Sex Factors, Social Environment, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Age of Onset, Mood Disorders, Substance-Related Disorders, Empirical Research

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