Social fears and social phobia in a community sample of adolescents and young adults: prevalence, risk factors and co-morbidity
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BACKGROUND: The paper describes prevalence, impairments, patterns of co-morbidity and other correlates of DSM-IV social phobia in adolescents and young adults, separating generalized and non-generalized social phobics. METHODS: Data are derived from the baseline investigation of the Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology Study (EDSP), a prospective longitudinal community study of 3021 subjects, aged 14-24. Diagnoses were based on the DSM-IV algorithms of an expanded version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. RESULTS: Lifetime prevalence of DSM-IV/CIDI social phobia was 9.5% in females and 4.9% in males, with about one-third being classified as generalized social phobics. Twelve-month prevalence was only slightly lower, indicating considerable persistence. Respondents with generalized social phobia reported an earlier age of onset, higher symptom persistence, more co-morbidity, more severe impairments, higher treatment rates and indicated more frequently a parental history of mental disorders than respondents with non-generalized social phobia. CONCLUSIONS: History of DSM-IV social phobia was found to be quite prevalent in 14-24 year-olds. The generalized subtype of social phobia was found to have different correlates and to be considerably more persistent, impairing and co-morbid than non-generalized social phobia. Although generalized social phobics are more likely than non-generalized social phobics to receive mental health treatments, the treatment rate in this sample was low despite the fact that mental health services are free in Germany.
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The risk for developing SAD increases dramatically in late childhood and early adolescence, but the risk for SAD onset then decreases dramatically by age 25.
“The risk for developing SAD increases dramatically in late childhood and early adolescence, but the risk for SAD onset then decreases dramatically by age 25 (Wittchen et al., 1999).”
From Gaining insight into adolescent vulnerability for social anxiety from developmental cognitive neuroscience (2014) · cites this paper as Wittchen et al., 1999
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- Authors
- WITTCHEN, H.-U., STEIN, M. B., & KESSLER, R. C.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Society (DE)
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 1999-03
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 309-323
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- OpenAlex
- W2114734893
- Cited by
- 745
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 42
- FWCI
- 34.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- tud.qucosa.de
- Licence
- Locations
- Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Qucosa (Saxon State and University Library Dresden) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- social anxiety disorder, generalized social phobia, adolescents, young adults, prevalence, risk factors, comorbidities, social fear, age of onset, symptom persistence, functional disability, mental health treatment utilization, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Mental Disorders, Fear, Female, Germany, Humans, Male, Parents, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Phobic Disorders, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Social Environment, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution
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