An oral health optimized diet can reduce gingival and periodontal inflammation in humans - a randomized controlled pilot study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the effects of four weeks of an oral health optimized diet on periodontal clinical parameters in a randomized controlled trial. METHODS: The experimental group (n = 10) had to change to a diet low in carbohydrates, rich in Omega-3 fatty acids, and rich in vitamins C and D, antioxidants and fiber for four weeks. Participants of the control group (n = 5) did not change their dietary behavior. Plaque index, gingival bleeding, probing depths, and bleeding upon probing were assessed by a dentist with a pressure-sensitive periodontal probe. Measurements were performed after one and two weeks without a dietary change (baseline), followed by a two week transitional period, and finally performed weekly for four weeks. RESULTS: Despite constant plaque values in both groups, all inflammatory parameters decreased in the experimental group to approximately half that of the baseline values (GI: 1.10 ± 0.51 to 0.54 ± 0.30; BOP: 53.57 to 24.17 %; PISA: 638 mm(2) to 284 mm(2)). This reduction was significantly different compared to that of the control group. CONCLUSION: A diet low in carbohydrates, rich in Omega-3 fatty acids, rich in vitamins C and D, and rich in fibers can significantly reduce gingival and periodontal inflammation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: German Clinical Trials Register; https://www.germanctr.de (DRKS00006301). Registered on 2015-02-21.
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Consumption of high-glycemic foods alone might increase gingival and periodontal inflammation and bleeding.
“Recent evidence suggests that consumption of high-glycemic foods alone might increase gingival and periodontal inflammation and bleeding as well, while a diet abundant in complex carbohydrates, with no increase in total energy intake, may lower the risk of gingivitis and periodontitis [72,73,74,75,76,77].”
From A Cross-Talk between Diet and the Oral Microbiome: Balance of Nutrition on Inflammation and Immune System’s Response during Periodontitis (2022) · cites this paper as [73]
A diet abundant in complex carbohydrates, with no increase in total energy intake, may lower the risk of gingivitis and periodontitis.
“Recent evidence suggests that consumption of high-glycemic foods alone might increase gingival and periodontal inflammation and bleeding as well, while a diet abundant in complex carbohydrates, with no increase in total energy intake, may lower the risk of gingivitis and periodontitis [72,73,74,75,76,77].”
From A Cross-Talk between Diet and the Oral Microbiome: Balance of Nutrition on Inflammation and Immune System’s Response during Periodontitis (2022) · cites this paper as [73]
Two clinical studies reported that increased ingestion of fruits containing vitamin C could decrease gingival and periodontal inflammation.
“In agreement with this, two clinical studies reported that increased ingestion of fruits containing vitamin C (such as grapefruits, peppers, kiwis, etc.) could decrease gingival and periodontal inflammation [73,105].”
From A Cross-Talk between Diet and the Oral Microbiome: Balance of Nutrition on Inflammation and Immune System’s Response during Periodontitis (2022) · cites this paper as [73]
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- Authors
- Woelber, J. P., Bremer, K., Vach, K., König, D., Hellwig, E., Ratka-Krüger, P., Al-Ahmad, A., & Tennert, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Woelber, J. P.
- Venue
- BMC Oral Health
- Published
- 2016-07-26
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 109-109
- ISSN
- 1472-6831 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4962497
- OpenAlex
- W2492497533
- Cited by
- 216
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 15.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2016-10-06)
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Oral Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- FreiDok plus (Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Dental Health and Care Utilization
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral Health Pathology and Treatment
- Keywords
- periodontal inflammation, gingivitis, low-carbohydrate diet, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin C, vitamin D, dietary fiber, antioxidants, plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, gingival index
- MeSH terms
- Ascorbic Acid, Dental Plaque, Dental Plaque Index, Diet, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fats, Dietary Fiber, Gingivitis, Humans, Inflammation, Oral Health, Periodontal Index, Pilot Projects, Vitamin D
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