Use of defined TLR ligands as adjuvants within human vaccines

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The innate immune response to bacterial flagellin is mediated by Toll-like receptor 5

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Selective depletion of macrophages reveals distinct, opposing roles during liver injury and repair

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Nod1 Detects a Unique Muropeptide from Gram-Negative Bacterial Peptidoglycan

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TRAM couples endocytosis of Toll-like receptor 4 to the induction of interferon-β

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Discrimination of bacterial lipoproteins by Toll-like receptor 6

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Human TLR7 or TLR8 independently confer responsiveness to the antiviral compound R-848

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Alum adjuvant boosts adaptive immunity by inducing uric acid and activating inflammatory dendritic cells

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AS04, an Aluminum Salt- and TLR4 Agonist-Based Adjuvant System, Induces a Transient Localized Innate Immune Response Leading to Enhanced Adaptive Immunity

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Pattern recognition receptors and control of adaptive immunity

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Peptidoglycan Molecular Requirements Allowing Detection by Nod1 and Nod2

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New horizons in adjuvants for vaccine development

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NLRs join TLRs as innate sensors of pathogens

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mda-5 : An interferon-inducible putative RNA helicase with double-stranded RNA-dependent ATPase activity and melanoma growth-suppressive properties

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The perfect mix: recent progress in adjuvant research

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Macrophage activation by endogenous danger signals

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RIG-I detects viral genomic RNA during negative-strand RNA virus infection

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Putting endotoxin to work for us: Monophosphoryl lipid A as a safe and effective vaccine adjuvant

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New horizons in adjuvants for vaccine development

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Yellow fever vaccine YF-17D activates multiple dendritic cell subsets via TLR2, 7, 8, and 9 to stimulate polyvalent immunity

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Age-associated decrease in TLR function in primary human dendritic cells predicts influenza vaccine response

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The human adaptor SARM negatively regulates adaptor protein TRIF–dependent Toll-like receptor signaling

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Molecular and cellular signatures of human vaccine adjuvants

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Inducible ablation of mouse Langerhans cells diminishes but fails to abrogate contact hypersensitivity

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Human TLR10 Is a Functional Receptor, Expressed by B Cells and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells, Which Activates Gene Transcription through MyD88

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Hyporesponsiveness to vaccination with Borrelia burgdorferi OspA in humans and in TLR1- and TLR2-deficient mice

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The Adjuvants Aluminum Hydroxide and MF59 Induce Monocyte and Granulocyte Chemoattractants and Enhance Monocyte Differentiation toward Dendritic Cells

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Therapeutic Targeting of Toll-Like Receptors for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases and Cancer

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A Vaccine Consisting of RecombinantBorrelia burgdorferiOuter-Surface Protein A to Prevent Lyme Disease

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Age-Associated Defect in Human TLR-1/2 Function

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Nod1-Mediated Innate Immune Recognition of Peptidoglycan Contributes to the Onset of Adaptive Immunity

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Differential Immune Responses and Protective Efficacy Induced by Components of a Tuberculosis Polyprotein Vaccine, Mtb72F, Delivered as Naked DNA or Recombinant Protein

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A Defined Tuberculosis Vaccine Candidate Boosts BCG and Protects Against Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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A phase I study of the safety and immunogenicity of recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen co-administered with an immunostimulatory phosphorothioate oligonucleotide adjuvant

Halperin, S. A., Nest, G. V., Smith, B. R., Abtahi, S., Whiley, H., & Eiden, J. (2003) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(03)00045-8 · Cited by 257 · see citing works

Conditional Macrophage Ablation Demonstrates That Resident Macrophages Initiate Acute Peritoneal Inflammation

Cailhier, J. F., Partolina, M., Vuthoori, S., Wu, S., Ko, K. A., Watson, S. J., Savill, J., Hughes, J., & Lang, R. A. (2005) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.174.4.2336 · Cited by 244 · see citing works

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Heat Shock Proteins Use Diverse Toll-like Receptor Pathways to Activate Pro-inflammatory Signals

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Important aspects of Toll-like receptors, ligands and their signaling pathways

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Safety of MF59™ adjuvant

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Squalene Emulsions for Parenteral Vaccine and Drug Delivery

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Innate immunity against vaccinia virus is mediated by TLR2 and requires TLR-independent production of IFN-β

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Leish-111f, a Recombinant Polyprotein Vaccine That Protects against Visceral Leishmaniasis by Elicitation of CD4+T Cells

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Cutting Edge: Activation of Murine TLR8 by a Combination of Imidazoquinoline Immune Response Modifiers and PolyT Oligodeoxynucleotides

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Perivascular clusters of dendritic cells provide critical survival signals to B cells in bone marrow niches

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Successful Treatment of Drug‐Resistant Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Humans by Use of Imiquimod, an Immunomodulator

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Using 3 TLR ligands as a combination adjuvant induces qualitative changes in T cell responses needed for antiviral protection in mice

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Induction of Systemic TH1-Like Innate Immunity in Normal Volunteers Following Subcutaneous but Not Intravenous Administration of CPG 7909, a Synthetic B-Class CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide TLR9 Agonist

Krieg, A. Μ., Efler, S. M., Wittpoth, M., Adhami, M. J. A., & Davis, H. L. (2004) · Journal of Immunotherapy · doi:10.1097/00002371-200411000-00006 · Cited by 183 · see citing works

Biology of Toll receptors: lessons from insects and mammals

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The Protective Effect of the Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vaccine Is Increased by Coadministration with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis 72-Kilodalton Fusion Polyprotein Mtb72F in M. tuberculosis -Infected Guinea Pigs

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Protective efficacy of a tandemly linked, multi-subunit recombinant leishmanial vaccine (Leish-111f) formulated in MPLS adjuvant

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Defined tuberculosis vaccine, Mtb72F/AS02A, evidence of protection in cynomolgus monkeys

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Acquisition of Adult-Like TLR4 and TLR9 Responses during the First Year of Life

Nguyen, M., Leuridan, E. E., Zhang, T., Wit, D. D., Willems, F., Damme, P. V., Goldman, M., & Goriely, S. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010407 · Cited by 160 · see citing works

Structure−Activity Relationships in Human Toll-Like Receptor 7-Active Imidazoquinoline Analogues

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No Longer an Innocent Bystander: Epithelial Toll-Like Receptor Signaling in the Development of Mucosal Inflammation

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Deciphering the complexity of Toll-like receptor signaling

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Skewed pattern of Toll-like receptor 4-mediated cytokine production in human neonatal blood: Low LPS-induced IL-12p70 and high IL-10 persist throughout the first month of life

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A Synthetic Adjuvant to Enhance and Expand Immune Responses to Influenza Vaccines

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Understanding How Lipopolysaccharide Impacts CD4 T-Cell Immunity

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Immunization with a Polyprotein Vaccine Consisting of the T-Cell Antigens Thiol-Specific Antioxidant,Leishmania majorStress-Inducible Protein 1, andLeishmaniaElongation Initiation Factor Protects against Leishmaniasis

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Comparison of the safety and immunogenicity of hepatitis B virus surface antigen co-administered with an immunostimulatory phosphorothioate oligonucleotide and a licensed hepatitis B vaccine in healthy young adults

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Toll‐Like Receptors in Older Adults

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Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2–9 agonists-induced cytokines and chemokines: I. Comparison with T cell receptor-induced responses

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A five-amino-acid motif in the undefined region of the TLR8 ectodomain is required for species-specific ligand recognition

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Expression of toll-like receptors on B lymphocytes

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Improving the Immunogenicity of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in HIV‐Infected Adults with a Toll‐Like Receptor 9 Agonist Adjuvant: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

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The science of adjuvants

Kwissa, M., Kasturi, S. P., & Pulendran, B. (2007) · Expert Review of Vaccines · doi:10.1586/14760584.6.5.673 · Cited by 108 · see citing works

Physicochemical characterization and biological activity of synthetic TLR4 agonist formulations

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Nod1, a CARD protein, enhances pro-interleukin-1β processing through the interaction with pro-caspase-1

Yoo, N. J., Park, W. S., Kim, S. Y., Reed, J. C., Son, S. G., Lee, J. Y., & Lee, S. H. (2002) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/s0006-291x(02)02714-6 · Cited by 100 · see citing works

Release of IL-12 by dendritic cells activated by TLR ligation is dependent on MyD88 signaling, whereas TRIF signaling is indispensable for TLR synergy

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Enhanced humoral and Type 1 cellular immune responses with Fluzone® adjuvanted with a synthetic TLR4 agonist formulated in an emulsion

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Selective Activation of the p38 MAPK Pathway by Synthetic Monophosphoryl Lipid A

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Viral and Nonviral Uses of Imiquimod: A Review

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Synergism of Toll-like receptor-induced interleukin-12p70 secretion by monocyte-derived dendritic cells is mediated through p38 MAPK and lowers the threshold of T-helper cell type I responses

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Applying TLR Synergy in Immunotherapy: Implications in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

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Activation of Innate Immunity, Inflammation, and Potentiation of DNA Vaccination through Mammalian Expression of the TLR5 Agonist Flagellin

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Direct Stimulation of tlr5+/+ CD11c+ Cells Is Necessary for the Adjuvant Activity of Flagellin

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Commonly used prophylactic vaccines as an alternative for synthetically produced TLR ligands to mature monocyte-derived dendritic cells

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An Essential Role for RIG-I in Toll-like Receptor-Stimulated Phagocytosis

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Monitoring the effects of component structure and source on formulation stability and adjuvant activity of oil-in-water emulsions

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A clinical trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the LEISH-F1+MPL-SE vaccine when used in combination with meglumine antimoniate for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis

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