Overnight human plasma melatonin, Cortisol, prolactin, TSH, under conditions of normal sleep, sleep deprivation, and sleep recovery
Abstract
Abstract: Early investigations of the effect of sleep deprivation on plasma melatonin reported no major changes. Recently, 36 hrs of sleep deprivation was reported to elevate melatonin levels on the post‐sleep deprivation night. Given these contradictions melatonin, Cortisol, prolactin, and thyroid stimulating hormone before, during, and, after sleep deprivation were examined in nine healthy young males following one night of sleep deprivation. Hormone levels at hourly intervals, for each night, were statistically analyzed by a repeated measures, two‐way factorial ANOVA. ANOVA was also performed for measures of area under the curve (AUC). No significant differences were observed for melatonin levels. Cortisol was significantly higher on the sleep deprivation night presumably reflecting the aroused state accompanying being awake; however, there were several time points on the control night when it was elevated also. Prolactin was higher on the post‐sleep deprivation and control nights but did not rise on the deprivation night, indicating a useful nonpolysomnographic index for discriminating overnight sleep and awake states. TSH levels showed a similar rise during the control and sleep deprivation nights, but remained flat on the post‐sleep deprivation night. It appears that the pineal is insulated against feedback from changes to the level of arousal accompanying sleep and wakefulness. In comparison, Cortisol, prolactin, and TSH levels vary with these states and are, therefore, useful indices of arousal and sleep‐wake.
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Several studies have reported an elevation of cortisol levels both during the night of total sleep deprivation and, if wakefulness was further prolonged, during the following day, particularly in the afternoon and evening.
“Several studies have reported an elevation of cortisol levels both during the night of total sleep deprivation [13, 35, 72] and, if wakefulness was further prolonged, during the following day, particularly in the afternoon and evening [63, 73].”
From Impact of Sleep and Its Disturbances on Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity (2010) · cites this paper as [72]
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- Authors
- von Treuer, K., Norman, T. R., & Armstrong, S. M.
- Affiliations
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- La Trobe University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Armstrong, Stuart Maxwell
- ORCID
- Norman, Trevor R.
- Venue
- Journal of Pineal Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1996-01
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 7-14
- ISSN
- 0742-3098 (ISSN-L)
- 1600-079X
- OpenAlex
- W1989059017
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Pineal Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- sleep deprivation, melatonin, cortisol, prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, pineal gland, arousal, sleep-wake states, sleep recovery
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Melatonin, Pineal Gland, Prolactin, Radioimmunoassay, Sleep, Sleep Deprivation, Thyrotropin, Wakefulness
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