Adrenocortical and Gonadal Steroids During Sleep Deprivation
Abstract
Twelve healthy males were exposed to 48 hr of sleep deprivation under conditions of strictly controlled activity and of food and drink intake. During the experiment the subjects were isolated from external time cures, i.e. no daylight, clocks, etc. Plasma samples were obtained before and at the end of the vigil, as well as after 5 days of recovery. Samples were analyzed for adrenal and gonadal steroid hormones and for follicle-stimulating (FSH) and luteinizing hormones (LH). The levels of all unconjugated steroids studied (cortisol, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, dihydrotestosterone) were significantly lower at the end of the sleep deprivation period. Self-ratings of fatigue were significantly higher at the end of the deprivation period. After recovery, all values returned to base line. No changes were observed in the levels of FSH, LH, or most conjugated steroids. It was concluded that the results were not consistent with the view that sleep deprivation induces an emergency reaction with increased activation, but rather that it results in lower levels of both psychological and physiological activation.
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Sleep loss and lower sleep duration are associated with lower morning, afternoon, and 24-h testosterone.
“When epidemiological and interventional studies are considered collectively, sleep loss and lower sleep duration are associated with lower morning, afternoon and 24-h testosterone; as well as higher afternoon, but not morning or 24-h cortisol.”
From Sleep, testosterone and cortisol balance, and ageing men (2022) · cites this paper as [49]
The Results report that testosterone decreased after 48 hours of sleep deprivation. Subjects and Design states that all blood samples were drawn at 08:00, so this paper supports the morning finding but does not establish lower afternoon or 24-hour testosterone, or an association with shorter habitual sleep duration. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAll in-laboratory studies when collectively examined show that sleep restriction decreases testosterone.
“All studies when collectively examined show that sleep restriction decreases testosterone.”
From Sleep, testosterone and cortisol balance, and ageing men (2022) · cites this paper as [49]
The Results report that testosterone decreased after 48 hours of sleep deprivation in the study’s 12 healthy men. But this paper reports one study, not a collective examination of all studies; its introduction says no previous data were available on sleep deprivation and gonadal hormone levels in humans. It therefore does not support the claim about all studies. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredObservational studies have identified a relationship between total sleep deprivation and reduced testosterone.
“While observational studies have identified a relationship between total sleep deprivation and reduced testosterone [43], [44], only one experimental laboratory based study has investigated the impact of partial sleep restriction on testosterone [45].”
From Impact of Five Nights of Sleep Restriction on Glucose Metabolism, Leptin and Testosterone in Young Adult Men (2012) · cites this paper as [43]
Some authors have reported no change or even a slight decrease in cortisol levels after one or several nights of total sleep deprivation.
“Indeed, some authors have reported no change [41, 43, 74, 75] or even a slight decrease in cortisol levels [76, 77] after one or several nights of total sleep deprivation.”
From Impact of Sleep and Its Disturbances on Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity (2010) · cites this paper as [76]
The decrease in plasma or urinary cortisol found by Kant et al. and Åkerstedt et al. occurred after 48 hours or more of prolonged wakefulness.
“Notably, the decrease in plasma or urinary cortisol found by Kant et al. [77] and Åkerstedt et al. [76] occurred after 48 hours or more of prolonged wakefulness.”
From Impact of Sleep and Its Disturbances on Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity (2010) · cites this paper as [76]
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Disturbing the Light-Darkness Pattern Reduces Circulating Testosterone in Healthy Men
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BackgroundSleep Loss and It’s Influences
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- Authors
- Åkerstedt, T., Palmblad, J., de la Torre, B., Marana, R., & Gillberg, M.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Åkerstedt, Torbjörn
- Venue
- Sleep
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1980-03
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 23-30
- ISSN
- 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9109
- OpenAlex
- W95468027
- Cited by
- 94
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- SLEEP (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- sleep deprivation, adrenal cortex hormones, sex steroids, cortisol, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, dihydrotestosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, fatigue, recovery from sleep deprivation, physiological activation
- MeSH terms
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Adult, Androstenedione, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Humans, Hydrocortisone, 17-alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone, Hydroxyprogesterones, Luteinizing Hormone, Male, Psychology, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Sleep Deprivation, Dihydrotestosterone, Testosterone
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