Cited by 34Sleep and Wakefulness ResearchAdrenal Hormones and DisordersStress Responses and Cortisol

Sleep, cognition and cortisol in addison’s disease: a mechanistic relationship

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Henry, Michelle, Thomas, Kevin Garth Flusk, Ross, Ian Louis·2021·Frontiers in Endocrinology

Abstract

Sleep is a critical biological process, essential for cognitive well-being. Neuroscientific literature suggests there are mechanistic relations between sleep disruption and memory deficits, and that varying concentrations of cortisol may play an important role in mediating those relations. Patients with Addison's disease (AD) experience consistent and predictable periods of sub- and supra-physiological cortisol concentrations due to lifelong glucocorticoid replacement therapy, and they frequently report disrupted sleep and impaired memory. These disruptions and impairments may be related to the failure of replacement regimens to restore a normal circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion. Available data provides support for existing theoretical frameworks which postulate that in AD and other neuroendocrine, neurological, or psychiatric disorders, disrupted sleep is an important biological mechanism that underlies, at least partially, the memory impairments that patients frequently report experiencing. Given the literature linking sleep disruption and cognitive impairment in AD, future initiatives should aim to improve patients' cognitive performance (and, indeed, their overall quality of life) by prioritizing and optimizing sleep. This review summarizes the literature on sleep and cognition in AD, and the role that cortisol concentrations play in the relationship between the two.

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  • Glucocorticoids may modulate the brain indirectly through their effects on the immune system, metabolism, sleep, other hormones, and the gut microbiota.

    “Furthermore, glucocorticoids may modulate the brain indirectly through their effects on the immune system, metabolism, sleep, other hormones, and the GM (432, 433).”

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  1. [33]Steiger A. Sleep and the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenocortical System. Sleep Med Rev (2002) 6(2): 125–38. 10.1053/smrv.2001.0159 12531148 · DOI

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Authors
Henry, M., Thomas, K. G. F., & Ross, I. L.
Affiliations
University of Cape Town (ZA)
Corresponding author
Henry, Michelle
Venue
Frontiers in Endocrinology
Published
2021-08-27
Volume
12
Pages
694046-694046
ISSN
1664-2392 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3198496472
Cited by
34
References
293
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4
FWCI
0.74
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Frontiers in Endocrinology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Keywords
Addison's disease, sleep disruption, cognitive impairment, memory impairment, cortisol, glucocorticoid replacement therapy, circadian rhythm, quality of life
MeSH terms
Addison Disease, Cognition, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Memory Disorders, Quality of Life, Risk Factors, Sleep, Signal Transduction

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