Salivary nitric oxide levels in inflammatory periodontal disease - a case-control and interventional study
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Biochemical markers of inflammatory periodontal disease present in saliva can partially determine the extent of periodontal disease. Furthermore, collection of salivary constituents is a simple and non-invasive procedure. Nitric oxide (NO) has been linked to etiopathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal disease and is expressed in saliva. This study was conducted with the objective of estimating salivary NO levels in inflammatory periodontal diseases (gingivitis and periodontitis) and comparing these levels with control subjects. A re-assessment of these levels was also made after providing appropriate treatment with a view to ascertain its diagnostic and prognostic values. METHODS: This was a case-control as well as an interventional study including a total of 90 (30 control, 30 gingivitis and 30 periodontitis) subjects. Saliva samples were collected from each subject, and NO levels were assayed by Griess reaction. RESULTS: NO levels were increased significantly in gingivitis and periodontitis subjects as compared with controls. There was a statistically significant decrease in the NO levels in each study group after the healing period (corresponding to the reduced clinical signs of inflammation). Our study also correlated probing pocket depths with salivary NO levels in periodontitis group where we found a positive correlation between the two. CONCLUSION: Salivary NO levels can be utilized as a good indicator of the inflammatory status of the periodontium, and evaluating its levels in saliva by Griess reaction on a photoelectric colorimeter is a reliable, accurate and faster method to estimate the level of inflammation in periodontal tissues.
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Both salivary nitrate and nitrite concentrations and gingival expression of NO-forming NOS have been found to be increased in periodontal disease, which also tend to increase with disease severity and improve with periodontal treatment.
“Interestingly, both salivary nitrate and nitrite concentrations and gingival expression of NO-forming NOS have been found to be increased in periodontal disease, which also tend to increase with disease severity and improve with periodontal treatment[99,193,291,292].”
From Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: Intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health (2017) · cites this paper as [291]
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- Authors
- Parwani, Sr., Chitnis, P., & Parwani, R.
- Corresponding author
- Parwani, SR
- Venue
- International Journal of Dental Hygiene
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-05-12
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 67-73
- ISSN
- 1601-5029 (ISSN-L)
- 1601-5037
- OpenAlex
- W1494509264
- Cited by
- 59
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 7.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Dental Hygiene (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Michigan
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Oral and gingival health research
- Keywords
- salivary nitric oxide, inflammatory periodontal diseases, gingivitis, periodontitis, biochemical markers, periodontal inflammation, probing depth, treatment response, non-invasive diagnosis
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Dental Prophylaxis, Gingivitis, Humans, Inflammation, Middle Aged, Nitric Oxide, Periodontitis, Reference Values, Saliva, Biomarkers, Case-Control Studies, Treatment Outcome
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