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Racial Socialization of Biracial Youth: Maternal Messages and Approaches to Address Discrimination
Abstract
We explored how mothers of biracial youth prepare their children to navigate diverse racial ecologies and experiences of racism and discrimination. A qualitative thematic analysis was used to identify racial socialization messages mothers used and emergent racial socialization approaches. Mothers of biracial youth engaged in the full range of racial socialization discussed in the literature, including cultural, minority, self‐development, egalitarian, and silent racial socialization. These messages varied by the biracial heritage of the youth, such that mothers of biracial youth with Black heritage were more likely to provide self‐development racial socialization messages, whereas mothers of biracial youth without Black heritage were more likely to provide silent racial socialization. On the basis of the array of racial socialization messages mothers delivered, we identified three emergent approaches: promotive, protective, and passive racial socialization.
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“For example, some mothers may encourage the ethnic-racial identity of their daughters by automatically assigning them to their subordinate ethnic group based on the legacy of hypodescent in the United Statess (Rollins & Hunter, 2013).”
From Ethnic‐Racial Socialization Among Mothers of Black and Black‐White Biracial Daughters During the Pubertal Transition (2022) · cites this paper as Rollins & Hunter, 2013
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“White mothers may also simply deny or deemphasize any race at all (egalitarian or colorblind socialization), a position of White privilege that disregards the impact of race and/or skin color on lived experiences either consciously or unconsciously (Hughes & Chen, 1999;Rockquemore & Laszloffy, 2005;Rollins & Hunter, 2013).”
From Ethnic‐Racial Socialization Among Mothers of Black and Black‐White Biracial Daughters During the Pubertal Transition (2022) · cites this paper as Rollins & Hunter, 2013
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Citations
Cites
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Cited by
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Howell, J. L., Gaither, S. E., & Ratliff, K. A. (2015) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550614561127 · Cited by 63
Carter, R., & Flewellen, A. O. (2022) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.12724 · Cited by 13
Metadata
- Authors
- Rollins, A., & Hunter, A. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Central Missouri
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro
- Venue
- Family Relations
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013-01-22
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 140-153
- ISSN
- 0197-6664
- 1741-3729
- Cited by
- 80
- References
- 1
- Language
- en
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- Rollins, A., & Hunter, A. G. (2013). Racial Socialization of Biracial Youth: Maternal Messages and Approaches to Address Discrimination. Family Relations. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2012.00748.x
