Ethnic‐Racial Socialization Among Mothers of Black and Black‐White Biracial Daughters During the Pubertal Transition

Carter, Rona; Flewellen, Ayana Omilade

doi:10.1111/jora.12724

Cited by 13Racial and Ethnic Identity ResearchChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentCritical Race Theory in Education

Ethnic‐Racial Socialization Among Mothers of Black and Black‐White Biracial Daughters During the Pubertal Transition

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Carter, Rona, Flewellen, Ayana Omilade·2022·Journal of Research on Adolescence

DOI 10.1111/jora.12724

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Abstract

Ethnic-racial socialization is a salient component of parenting in Black families. What is less clear is how Black families discuss ethnicity-race and social inequalities with pubescent children. We examined associations between pubertal timing and ethnic-racial socialization among mothers (Mage = 42) of Black (n = 286) and Black-White biracial (n = 233) girls aged 9–12. Moderation by maternal stress about puberty was also examined. Results indicated mothers of Black girls who were stressed about puberty reported more preparation for bias; whereas both groups of mothers reported more cultural socialization. Early pubertal timing and high maternal stress about puberty predicted more cultural socialization among both groups and more egalitarian beliefs among only mothers of Black-White biracial girls. The findings highlight the importance of ethnic-racial socialization during puberty.

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Black Racial-Ethnic Identity Development in Girls: An Evaluation of Socialization During Puberty
Park, J.-Y. (2025) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan) · doi:10.7302/25542
The Role of Mothers’ and Adolescents’ Perceptions of Ethnic-racial Socialization in Shaping Ethnic-racial Identity Among Early Adolescent Boys and Girls
Hughes, D. L., Hagelskamp, C., Way, N., & Foust, M. D. (2009) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-009-9399-7 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Racially socializing biracial youth: A cultural ecological study of maternal influences on racial identity
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Ethnic‐Racial Socialization and Its Correlates in Families of Black–White Biracial Children
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Authors: Carter, R., & Flewellen, A. O.
Affiliations: University of Michigan (US)
University of California, Riverside (US)
Corresponding author: Carter, Rona
Venue: Journal of Research on Adolescence
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2022-01-19
Volume: 32
Issue: 1
Pages: 99-114
ISSN: 1050-8392 (ISSN-L)
1532-7795
DOI: 10.1111/jora.12724
OpenAlex: W4206604813
Cited by: 13
References: 62
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5
FWCI: 2.50
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of Research on Adolescence (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
Funders: University of Michigan
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Critical Race Theory in Education
Keywords: ethnic-racial socialization, Black families, pubertal timing, cultural socialization, preparation for bias, parenting, precocious puberty, adolescent girls
MeSH terms: Child, Ethnicity, Female, Humans, Mothers, Nuclear Family, Socialization, Parenting

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Ethnic‐Racial Socialization Among Mothers of Black and Black‐White Biracial Daughters During the Pubertal Transition

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