NEGOTIATING ORDER IN PATROL WORK: AN ECOLOGICAL THEORY OF POLICE RESPONSE TO DEVIANCE*
Abstract
The recent renaissance of ecological research in criminology has brought with it a renewed interest in the relationship between crime and social control in local communities. While several researchers have noted that the police are a critical part of the community crime‐control puzzle, there is very little research and no theory that addresses variation in police behavior across physical space. In an attempt to further understand police operations in local communities, this article offers a theory that explains how levels of crime and other forms of social deviance in communities affect police action. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of the theory for understanding how police behavior varies across physical space and how crime patterns develop and are sustained in local communities.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Police-community relations are already strained in many cities and neighborhoods, especially those that are socially and economically distressed.
“Police-community relations are already strained in many cities and neighborhoods, especially those that are socially and economically distressed (Renauer, 2007; see also Klinger, 1997;Sampson & Bartusch, 1998)”
From Procedural Justice and Order Maintenance Policing: A Study of Inner‐City Young Men’s Perceptions of Police Legitimacy (2010) · cites this paper as Klinger, 1997
Cites
HOT SPOTS OF PREDATORY CRIME: ROUTINE ACTIVITIES AND THE CRIMINOLOGY OF PLACE*
SHERMAN, L. W., GARTIN, P. R., & BUERGER, M. E. (1989) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1989.tb00862.x · Cited by 2,104 · see citing works
Wolfgang, M. E. (1958) · doi:10.9783/9781512808728 · Cited by 1,167 · see citing works
Goldstein, J. (1960) · The Yale Law Journal · doi:10.2307/794445 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
“POLICE DON'T LIKE BLACK PEOPLE”: AFRICAN‐AMERICAN YOUNG MEN'S ACCUMULATED POLICE EXPERIENCES*
BRUNSON, R. K. (2007) · Criminology & Public Policy · doi:10.1111/j.1745-9133.2007.00423.x · Cited by 844 · see citing works
Gau, J. M., & Brunson, R. K. (2010) · Justice Quarterly · doi:10.1080/07418820902763889 · Cited by 582 · see citing works
Police Violence and Citizen Crime Reporting in the Black Community
Desmond, M., Papachristos, A. V., & Kirk, D. S. (2016) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/0003122416663494 · Cited by 541 · see citing works
Organizational stressors and police performance
Shane, J. M. (2010) · Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2010.05.008 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
A Bird's Eye View of Civilians Killed by Police in 2015: Further Evidence of Implicit Bias
Nix, J., Campbell, B. A., Byers, E. H., & Alpert, G. P. (2017) · Criminology & Public Policy · doi:10.1111/1745-9133.12269 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
POLICE DISRESPECT TOWARD THE PUBLIC: AN ENCOUNTER‐BASED ANALYSIS*
MASTROFSKI, S. D., REISIG, M. D., & McCLUSKEY, J. D. (2002) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.2002.tb00965.x · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Trust in the Police: The Influence of Procedural Justice and Perceived Collective Efficacy
Nix, J., Wolfe, S. E., Rojek, J., & Kaminski, R. J. (2015) · Crime & Delinquency · doi:10.1177/0011128714530548 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Race, Crime, and the Micro‐Ecology of Deadly Force
Klinger, D., Rosenfeld, R., Isom, D., & Deckard, M. (2016) · Criminology & Public Policy · doi:10.1111/1745-9133.12174 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Self-citationMirage of Police Reform: Procedural Justice and Police Legitimacy
University at Albany, S., Worden, R. E., McLean, S. J., & John F. Finn Institute for Public Safety, U. (2017) · Luminos · doi:10.1525/luminos.30 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Nix, J., Pickett, J. T., Wolfe, S. E., & Campbell, B. A. (2017) · Justice Quarterly · doi:10.1080/07418825.2017.1334808 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Disproportionate Minority Contact in Canada: Police and Visible Minority Youth
Fitzgerald, R. T., & Carrington, P. J. (2011) · Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice · doi:10.3138/cjccj.53.4.449 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Research in the Real World: Studying Chicago Police Department’s Crisis Intervention Team Program
Watson, A. C. (2010) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/1049731510374201 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Police-Community Relations in Cincinnati
Ridgeway, G., Schell, T., Gifford, B., Saunders, J., Turner, S., Riley, K., & Dixon, T. (2009) · RAND Corporation eBooks · doi:10.7249/mg853 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Slocum, L. A., Huebner, B. M., Greene, C., & Rosenfeld, R. (2020) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.22265 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
- Authors
- KLINGER, D. A.
- Affiliations
- Los Angeles Police Department (US)
- Corresponding author
- KLINGER, DAVID A.
- Venue
- Criminology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1997-05
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 277-306
- ISSN
- 0011-1384 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-9125
- OpenAlex
- W2043342276
- Cited by
- 645
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 28.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Criminology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Policing Practices and Perceptions
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Law › Criminal Justice and Penology
- Keywords
- police patrol, ecological criminology, crime control, social control, crime patterns, community crime, police-community relations
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
