Cited by 1,572Smoking Behavior and CessationHealth disparities and outcomesGlobal Cancer Incidence and Screening

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Socioeconomic status and smoking: a review

Hiscock, Rosemary, Bauld, Linda, Amos, Amanda, Fidler, Jennifer A., Munafò, Marcus·2012·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06202.x

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Abstract

Smoking prevalence is higher among disadvantaged groups, and disadvantaged smokers may face higher exposure to tobacco's harms. Uptake may also be higher among those with low socioeconomic status (SES), and quit attempts are less likely to be successful. Studies have suggested that this may be the result of reduced social support for quitting, low motivation to quit, stronger addiction to tobacco, increased likelihood of not completing courses of pharmacotherapy or behavioral support sessions, psychological differences such as lack of self‐efficacy, and tobacco industry marketing. Evidence of interventions that work among lower socioeconomic groups is sparse. Raising the price of tobacco products appears to be the tobacco control intervention with the most potential to reduce health inequalities from tobacco. Targeted cessation programs and mass media interventions can also contribute to reducing inequalities. To tackle the high prevalence of smoking among disadvantaged groups, a combination of tobacco control measures is required, and these should be delivered in conjunction with wider attempts to address inequalities in health.

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Background
Financial Incentives for Smoking Cessation in Hospitalized Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Ladapo, J. A., Tseng, C., & Sherman, S. E. (2020) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.12.025 · Cited by 21
Changes in smoking behavior among victims after the great East Japan earthquake and tsunami
Osaki, Y., Maesato, H., Minobe, R., Kinjo, A., Kuwabara, Y., Imamoto, A., Myoga, Y., Matsushita, S., & Higuchi, S. (2020) · Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12199-020-00858-5 · Cited by 19
Risk-seeking or impatient? Disentangling variance and time in hazardous behaviors
Boon-Falleur, M., Baumard, N., & André, J. (2020) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2021.04.001 · Cited by 19
The “Slow Horse Racing Effect” on Lung Function in Adult Life in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Associated to Biomass Exposure
Ramírez‐Venegas, A., Montiel-López, F., Falfán‐Valencia, R., Pérez-Rubio, G., & Sansores, R. H. (2021) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.700836 · Cited by 19
Predictors of cessation treatment outcome and treatment moderators among smoking parents receiving quitline counselling or self-help material
Schuck, K., Otten, R., Kleinjan, M., Bricker, J. B., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2014) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.09.014 · Cited by 19
“As the smoking prevalence is high among disadvantaged groups and quit attempts are less likely to be successful among smokers with lower SES and a lower motivation to quit, interventions that work among these groups are strongly needed (Hiscock et al., 2012).”
Background
Nicotine dependence among clients receiving publicly funded substance abuse treatment
Ward, K. D., Kedia, S., Webb, L., & Relyea, G. E. (2012) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.03.022 · Cited by 19
Narrative review of genes, environment, and cigarettes
Do, E. K., & MAES, H. H. M. (2016) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890.2016.1177196 · Cited by 19
“the ability to quit (46), which could be intensified by”
Background
Presumed Consent With Opt-Out: An Ethical Consent Approach to Automatically Refer Patients With Cancer to Tobacco Treatment Services
Ohde, J. W., Master, Z., Tilburt, J. C., & Warner, D. O. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.20.03180 · Cited by 20
“Patients of low socioeconomic status or uninsured (who tend to have a higher prevalence of tobacco use) may be at greater risk of financial strain if tobacco treatment generates out-of-pocket costs, potentially worsening healthcare inequalities arising from tobacco use.(44) Conversely, opt-out could reduce disparities…”
Background
Socioeconomic predictors of smoking cessation in a worldwide online smoking cessation trial
Bravin, J. I., Bunge, E. L., Evare, B. S., Wickham, R. E., Pérez‐Stable, E. J., & Muñoz, R. F. (2015) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2015.10.001 · Cited by 18
Ethnic disparities in educational and occupational gradients of estimated cardiovascular disease risk: The Healthy Life in an Urban Setting study
Perini, W., Agyemang, C. O., Snijder, M. B., Peters, R. J. G., & Kunst, A. E. (2017) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/1403494817718906 · Cited by 18
“Finally, socioeconomic inequalities exist in the underlying risk factors such as smoking, diet and physical activity [7,8].”
Background
Smoking ban and health at birth: Evidence from Hungary
Hajdu, T., & Hajdu, G. (2018) · Economics & Human Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2018.05.003 · Cited by 18
Dual Use of Electronic Cigarettes and Traditional Cigarettes Among Adults: Psychosocial Correlates and Associated Respiratory Symptoms
Culbreth, R. E., Spears, C. A., Brandenberger, K. J., Feresin, R. G., Self‐Brown, S., Goodfellow, L. T., Swahn, M. H., & Gardenhire, D. S. (2021) · Respiratory Care · doi:10.4187/respcare.08381 · Cited by 19
“37 Those who live at or below the poverty line may benefit from targeted approaches that address the emotional, financial, and social stressors of poverty.”
Risk of chronic diseases limiting longevity and healthy aging by lifestyle and socio-economic factors during the life-course – a narrative review
Skýbová, D., Šlachtová, H., Tomášková, H., Dalecká, A., & Maďar, R. (2021) · Medycyna Pracy · doi:10.13075/mp.5893.01139 · Cited by 18
“In terms of prevalence, higher prevalence was observed in disadvantaged groups whose smokers may face higher risk [10].”
Background
Awareness About and E-Cigarette Use Among Adults in 15 Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2014–2018 Estimates From Global Adult Tobacco Surveys
Sreeramareddy, C. T., & Manoharan, A. (2021) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntab269 · Cited by 18
Rural-Urban Differences in Cognition: Findings From the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly Trial
Steinberg, N., Parisi, J. M., Feger, D. M., Clay, O. J., Willis, S. L., Ball, K., Marsiske, M., Harrell, E. R., Sisco, S. M., & Rebok, G. W. (2022) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/08982643221102718 · Cited by 18
“This is further supported by less access to resources (e.g., gym facilities, community centers) necessary to maintain good health and prevent the adoption of harmful health behaviors within rural communities (Haq & Penning, 2020; Hiscock et al., 2012; Smith & Goldman, 2007; Wister, 1996).”
Background
Capital endowment, health information literacy and healthy dietary behaviors: Evidence from a survey of Chinese rural residents
Wang, Y., Wen, X., Liang, W., & Lin, X. (2022) · Food Quality and Preference · doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104766 · Cited by 18
Prevalence of and disparities in adolescents' susceptibility to novel oral nicotine products marketed as “tobacco-free”
Vogel, E. A., Barrington‐Trimis, J. L., Harlow, A. F., Wong, M. K., Cho, J., Han, D., Leventhal, A. M., & Tackett, A. P. (2022) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107387 · Cited by 19
Barriers and facilitators for smoking cessation in chronic smokers with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease enrolled in a randomized intervention trial: A qualitative study
Getz, V., Munkhaugen, J., Lie, H. C., & Dammen, T. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1060701 · Cited by 20
“Research has suggested that the smoking population today is largely an underserved group characterized by low socioeconomic status and with limited personal resources to facilitate cessation (Cavelaars et al., 2000; Laaksonen et al., 2005; Hiscock et al., 2012).”
Background
Trends in cross-border and illicit tobacco purchases among people who smoke in England, 2019–2022
Jackson, S. E., Cox, S., & Brown, J. (2023) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tc-2023-057991 · Cited by 18
Chronic Bronchitis in Children and Adults: Definitions, Pathophysiology, Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Consequences
Zhang, J., Wurzel, D. F., Perret, J. L., Lodge, C., Walters, E. H., & Dharmage, S. C. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13082413 · Cited by 25
Support for tobacco control interventions: do country of origin and socioeconomic status make a difference?
Moore, K., Borland, R., Yong, H., Siahpush, M., Cummings, K. M., Thrasher, J. F., & Fong, G. T. (2012) · International Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s00038-012-0378-5 · Cited by 18
“There are also suggestions that they have lower levels of support to quit from friends and relatives, and in some cases health providers (Hiscock et al. 2012) and that the choice to continue to smoke may reflect a perception among disadvantaged populations of poorer life chances (Lawlor et al.…”
Evaluating the Postpartum Maternal Health Clinic: How Patient Characteristics Predict Follow-Up
Nowik, C. M., Pudwell, J., & Smith, G. N. (2016) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada · doi:10.1016/j.jogc.2016.05.005 · Cited by 20
Geographical Variations and Trends in Major Cancer Incidences throughout Korea during 1999-2013
Won, Y., Jung, K., Oh, C., Park, E., Kong, H., Lee, D. H., Lee, K. H., & Registries, T. C. O. P.-B. R. C. (2018) · Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.4143/crt.2017.411 · Cited by 18
Adolescent Tobacco Uptake and Other Substance Use: A Latent Class Analysis
Delk, J., Carey, F. R., Case, K. R., Creamer, M. R., Wilkinson, A. V., Perry, C. L., & Harrell, M. B. (2018) · American Journal of Health Behavior · doi:10.5993/ajhb.43.1.1 · Cited by 18
Tobacco Smoking, Substance Use, and Mental Health Symptoms in People with HIV in an Urban HIV Clinic
Miles, D. R. B., Bilal, U., Hutton, H. E., Lau, B. M., Lesko, C. R., Fojo, A. T., McCaul, M. E., Keruly, J. C., Moore, R. D., & Chander, G. (2019) · Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved · doi:10.1353/hpu.2019.0075 · Cited by 18
“…tobacco smoking with excess morbidity and mortality among PWH, it is essential to develop cessation interventions that are tailored for low-income and minority PWH. 17,29 Ideally, these interventions would also account for sex differences in initiation/ re-initiation and cessation of tobacco use.”
Influential
Designing for Sustainability: An Approach to Integrating Staff Role Changes and Electronic Health Record Functionality Within Safety-Net Clinics to Address Provision of Tobacco Cessation Care
Flocke, S. A., Seeholzer, E. L., Lewis, S. A., Gill, I. J., Ordillas, E., Rose, J. C., Albert, E. L., Love, T. E., & Kaelber, D. C. (2019) · The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety · doi:10.1016/j.jcjq.2019.09.003 · Cited by 18
Explaining the social gradient in smoking and cessation: the peril and promise of social mobility
Thirlway, F. (2019) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/1467-9566.13039 · Cited by 22
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and smoking habits in pregnant women
Andersson, A., Hegvik, T., Chen, Q., Rosenqvist, M. A., Kvalvik, L. G., Almqvist, C., D'Onofrio, B. M., Hartman, C. A., Klungsøyr, K., Haavik, J., et al. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0234561 · Cited by 19
“Socioeconomic Status (SES) has been shown to be associated with both smoking [28] and ADHD [29] with lower SES being associated with higher smoking rates [30], and smoking cessation less likely to be successful [31].”
Background
Psychological morbidity associated with prostate cancer: Rates and predictors of depression in the RADICAL PC study
Fervaha, G., Izard, J., Tripp, D. A., Aghel, N., Shayegan, B., Klotz, L. H., Niazi, T. M., Fradet, V., Taussky, D., Lavallée, L. T., et al. (2020) · Canadian Urological Association Journal · doi:10.5489/cuaj.6912 · Cited by 18
Direct and indirect associations between childhood socioeconomic status and cognitive function in the middle-aged and older adults in China
Ye, X., Zhu, D., & He, P. (2021) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2021.1935459 · Cited by 18
The impact of smoke-free legislation on educational differences in birth outcomes
McKinnon, B., Auger, N., & Kaufman, J. S. (2015) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2015-205779 · Cited by 18
Acculturation and smoking in North Americans of Chinese ancestry: A systematic review
Gotay, C. C., Reid, M. S., Dawson, M. Y., & Wang, S. (2015) · Canadian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.17269/cjph.106.4762 · Cited by 18
Use of Smoking Cessation and Quit Support Services by Socioeconomic Status Over 10 Years of the National Drug Strategy Household Survey
Clare, P. J., Slade, T. N., Courtney, R. J., Martire, K. A., & Mattick, R. P. (2014) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntu119 · Cited by 18
Lessons from Practice
Bhattacharya, A., Vilardaga, R., Kientz, J. A., & Munson, S. A. (2017) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3025453.3025725 · Cited by 21
“Unemployment, homelessness, lack of insurance, and lack of access to healthcare are some socio-economic barriers individuals face in accessing resources to quit smoking [28].”
Background
Association of alcohol and drug use with use of electronic cigarettes and heat-not-burn tobacco products among Korean adolescents
Lee, Y., & Lee, K.-S. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0220241 · Cited by 18
Associations between socioeconomic status, psychosocial stress, and urinary levels of 8-iso-prostaglandin-F2α during pregnancy in Puerto Rico
Eick, S. M., Meeker, J. D., Brown, P., Swartzendruber, A. L., Rios-McConnell, R. E., Shen, Y., Milne, G. L., Vega, C. V., Rosario, Z., Alshawabkeh, A. N., et al. (2019) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.07.032 · Cited by 19
A systematic review and meta-analysis on the influence of sociodemographic factors on amputation in patients with peripheral arterial disease
Martinez, O. P., Storo, K. E., Provenzano, Z., Murphy, E., Tomita, T. M., & Cox, S. (2023) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2023.08.130 · Cited by 18
Delivery of a smoking cessation induction intervention via virtual reality headset during a dental cleaning
Borrelli, B., Rueras, N., & Jurasic, M. M. (2019) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/tbm/ibz144 · Cited by 17
Increasing similarities between young adults’ smoking and snus use in Norway: a study of the trends and stages of smoking and snus epidemic from 2010 to 2018
Tjora, T., Skogen, J. C., & Sivertsen, B. (2020) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09604-6 · Cited by 22
“Now, the trend of smoking cessation seems to be spreading in a similar manner [13], meaning that the “early adopters” have taken on the cessation trend first, as they did the smoking trend decades ago, further reinforcing the widely documented social gradient in smoking [10].”
BackgroundResult
Public opinion on implementing the National Lung Cancer Screening Program in Korea
Park, J., Lee, J., & Kim, Y. (2021) · Translational Lung Cancer Research · doi:10.21037/tlcr-20-865 · Cited by 17
“This is in line with data from other countries, reporting that smoking rates are higher among people with lower socioeconomic status (14,15).”
Result
A Comparison of Quit Outcomes for Men and Women in a Smoking Cessation Program Offering Personalized Nicotine Replacement Therapy and Counseling in Primary Care Clinics
Voci, S. C., Veldhuizen, S., Tien, S., Barker, M., Minian, N., Selby, P. L., & Zawertailo, L. A. (2021) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntab082 · Cited by 17

Authors: Hiscock, R., Bauld, L., Amos, A., Fidler, J. A., & Munafò, M.
Affiliations: University of Bath (GB)
University of Stirling (GB)
University of Edinburgh (GB)
University College London (GB)
Corresponding author: Hiscock, Rosemary
ORCID: Hiscock, Rosemary
Bauld, Linda
Amos, Amanda
Venue: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2011-11-17
Volume: 1248
Issue: 1
Pages: 107-123
ISSN: 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
1749-6632
DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06202.x
OpenAlex: W1948861157
Cited by: 1,572
References: 147
Citations by year: 2026: 100 · 2025: 125 · 2024: 119 · 2023: 124 · 2022: 132 · 2021: 138 · 2020: 124 · 2019: 147 · 2018: 110 · 2017: 111 · 2016: 104 · 2015: 103 · 2014: 69 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 18
FWCI: 4.49
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling) (publishedVersion)
Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Cancer Research UK
British Heart Foundation
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
Keywords: socioeconomic status, smoking, health disparities, tobacco control, smoking cessation, tobacco industry marketing, self-efficacy, tobacco pricing, mass media interventions, disadvantaged groups
MeSH terms: Smoking Prevention, Humans, Poverty, Smoking, Social Support, Socioeconomic Factors, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Tobacco Use Disorder, Smoking Cessation, Health Status Disparities

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Socioeconomic status and smoking: a review

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