Impact of cigarette smoking on histone (H2B) to protamine ratio in human spermatozoa and its relation to sperm parameters
Open accessAbstract
Summary: Smoking is strongly associated with abnormalities in histone‐to‐protamine transition and with alteration of protamine expression in human spermatozoa. A proper protamine to histone ratio is, however, essential for sperm chromatin maturity and DNA integrity. Alterations in these sperm nuclear proteins were observed in infertile men. The present prospective study is aimed at evaluating the possible relationship among smoking, semen quality and the histone‐to‐protamine transition ratio in mature spermatozoa. Histone H2B and protamine 1 (P1) and 2 (P2) were quantified using acid‐urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the spermatozoa of 35 smokers and 19 non‐smokers. Levels of lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in seminal plasma by thiobarbituric acid assay. Cotinine concentrations were determined in seminal plasma using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Histone H2B levels in smokers (292.27 ± 58.24 ng/10 6) were significantly higher (p = 0.001) than that of non‐smokers (109.1 ± 43.70 ng/10 6), besides, a significant difference (p > 0.0001) was found for the P1 and P2 ratio between smokers (1.71 ± 0.071) and non‐smokers (1.05 ± 0.033). The H2B/(H2B+P1 + P2) ratio (0.29 ± 0.71) of smokers were significantly higher (p = <0.0001) than that of non‐smokers (0.12 ± 0.01). The concentrations of MDA (μ m) (7.13 ± 1.15) and cotinine (ng/mL) (60.44 ± 31.32) in seminal plasma of smokers were significantly higher (p = 0.001) than those in the samples of the non‐smoker group (4.42 ± 1.16 and 2.01 ± 2.84 respectively). In addition, smokers showed significantly (p ≤ 0.002) lower sperm count, motility (p = 0.018), vitality (p = 0.009) and membrane integrity (p = 0.0001) than non‐smokers. These results reveal that patients who smoke possess a higher proportion of spermatozoa with an alteration of the histone to protamine ratio than patients who do not smoke, and suggest that cigarette smoking may inversely affect male fertility.
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Smoking was later found to be associated with reduced sperm count, motility and morphology, and altered sperm microRNA, mitochondria and protein in the smoker parent.
“was later found to be associated with reduced sperm count, motility and morphology, and altered sperm microRNA, mitochondria and protein in the smoker parent 201,202”
From Intergenerational transmission of trauma effects: putative role of epigenetic mechanisms (2018) · cites this paper as [201]
The Results and Discussion (page numbers unavailable) report lower sperm count and motility in smokers, describe reduced normal morphology, and identify altered sperm nuclear proteins. The paper does not report altered sperm microRNA or mitochondria in smokers, so those parts of the claim are unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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Intergenerational transmission of trauma effects: putative role of epigenetic mechanisms
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- Authors
- Hamad, M. F., Shelko, N., Kartarius, S., Montenarh, M., & Hammadeh, M. E.
- Affiliations
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (SA)
- Saarland University (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Hammadeh, M. E.
- Venue
- Andrology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-07-14
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 666-677
- ISSN
- 2047-2919 (ISSN-L)
- 2047-2927
- OpenAlex
- W2044937223
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 119
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 7.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Andrology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Physiology › Reproductive biology and impacts on aquatic species
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Keywords
- cigarette smoking, histone H2B, protamine, histone-to-protamine transition, sperm chromatin, sperm DNA integrity, semen quality, sperm count, sperm motility, sperm viability, lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde, cotinine, seminal plasma, male infertility, oxidative stress, sperm nuclear proteins, protamine 1, protamine 2, spermatozoa
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cell Survival, Chromatin, Cotinine, Fertility, Histones, Humans, Infertility, Male, Male, Malondialdehyde, Prospective Studies, Protamines, Semen, Smoking, Sperm Count, Sperm Motility, Spermatozoa, Semen Analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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