How interview questions are placed in time influences caregiver description of social communication symptoms on the ADI ‐R
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Background: Caregiver report is crucial for the diagnosis of childhood onset psychiatric disorders, particularly autism. Three experiments were conducted to determine whether caregiver reports of past and current behaviors are affected by question timing and ordering. Methods: Using the Autism Diagnostic Interview – Revised ( ADI ‐R), two studies systematically varied the order in which caregivers were asked about behaviors. In a third study, descriptions of children's current behaviors at age 5 were compared to retrospective descriptions of behaviors at age 5 collected at age 10. Results: Caregivers, who were first asked about a history of symptoms, described less severe past and present behavior than caregivers reporting current behaviors as well as caregivers reporting current and history of symptoms together. Caregivers retrospectively reported more severe behaviors for age 5 when their children were age 10 than they had when their children were age 5. Conclusions: Caregivers describe past behaviors differently depending on whether they are asked about current symptoms first. Methods of caregiver reporting can influence interpretations of symptom severity with effects on diagnoses and research findings.
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The age-related trajectory for social interaction likely reflects recall bias, as caregivers report more severe behaviors retrospectively.
“However, of the 21 items in the ‘social interaction’ factor, 19 specifically ask about behavior between the ages 4 and 5 years (Methods), and this trajectory likely reflects recall bias, as caregivers are likely to report more severe behaviors retrospectively33.”
From Genetic correlates of phenotypic heterogeneity in autism (2022) · cites this paper as [33]
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- Authors
- Jones, R. M., Risi, S., Wexler, D., Anderson, D., Corsello, C., Pickles, A., & Lord, C.
- Affiliations
- NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital (US)
- Eastern Michigan University (US)
- Weill Cornell Medical College Center for Autism and the Developing Brain New York Presbyterian Hospital White Plains NY USA
- Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego (US)
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Jones, Rebecca M.
- Venue
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-09-22
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 577-585
- ISSN
- 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7610
- PMC
- PMC4369461
- OpenAlex
- W2002030591
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 1.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH RO1 MH081873-04, 1R01HD073975-01)
- Autism Speaks Meixner Fellowship (7608)
- Health Resources Services Administration (HRSA UA3-MC-11055)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Survey Methodology and Nonresponse
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- ADI-R, caregiver reports, retrospective reports, autism diagnosis, symptom severity, autism spectrum disorder
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Communication, Female, Humans, Infant, Interview, Psychological, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Social Behavior, Caregivers
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